In the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (477),Xiao DaochengKill the Empress and Abolish the EmperorLiu Yu, supporting his brotherLiu ZhunSuccession.Xiao Daocheng was crowned king of Qi.After that, Xiao Daocheng removed those loyal to SongYuan Can、Shen Youzhiwait forsomeone.In 479, Xiao Daocheng forcedEmperor Shun of Song DynastyLiu Zhun became a Zen emperor and established the Southern Qi Dynasty. The country name originated fromChenweiSaid.The folk prophecy song said: "The golden knife and sharp blade are cut together", which means that "Qi" will replace "Liu Song".
502,Emperor Qi HeThe general who was forced to meditate in order to seize the positionXiao YanThe fall of South Qi.The Southern Qi Dynasty was the shortest in the four dynasties of the Southern Dynasty, enjoying only 24 years of statehood.
In the 19th year of Yuanjia era (442), Xiao Daocheng was ordered to lead the deviant army to fight against the barbarians in the north of Mianyang. In the 23rd year of Yuanjia era (446)Chinese soldiers join the armyFollow Xiao Sihua TownXiangyang, showing military talent in the war.[10]BackwardnessJinxing CountyMale, RenJiankangOrder.Emperor Song and Ming established,JiangzhouAssassinJin'anAccording to the state rebellion, Wang Zixun was called the Yijia Rebellion.When there are many responses from all directions, only Danyang is the county that receives orders.Emperor Ming thoughtanother name of Wang XizhiGeneral, ask for helpJoint inspectionTaishou, Xunyang Prince's Room,XuzhouAssassinXue AnduEtc.Luan Ping is a prefect and governor of NandonghaiNanxuzhouThings.In the first three years of Thailand,Shen YouzhiDuring the Northern Expedition, Daocheng was ordered to lead a thousand people to HuaiyinNanyanzhouThe governor, Zhen Guangling.
TaiyuIn the first year (472), the Ming Emperor collapsed,The Empress Abolished the EmperorStanding, entering the DPRK to assist in administration.Yuan emblemIn May of the second year (474 years) and in July of the fourth year (476 years), Wang Xiufan and Wang Jingsu of Jianping of Song Guiyang rebelled one after another, and Daocheng led the army to pacify and moveMiddle leader general 、都Five statesMilitary, plusShangshu Left Foot Shoots。When the emperor was abolished, he became increasingly violent and moody.If the left and right are not at ease, they are planning to abolish their position.In July of 477, the fifth year of the Yuanhui era, Daocheng became the deposed emperor and Yang Yufu and others killed the deposed emperor[11]He appointed his younger brother An Cheng Wang Jun as the emperorEmperor Shun of Song Dynasty, change to Yuan Shengming.Daocheng takes the position of waitressSikong、Record the Book、Cavalry General, totalplay a leading roleNational politics.In December,Shen Youzhi、Yuan Can、Liu BingDisappointed with the dictatorship of the Xiao family, they attacked Xiao and were defeated by Daocheng.[12]
The Southern Qi Dynasty established the country
Since then, the dissident ones have been eliminatedXiao DaochengThey marched forward to the position of emperor step by step.He arranged his descendants or assistants to take over the military power locally, and appointed his trusted followers to important positions in the imperial court;ShengmingIn March of the third year, Xiao Daocheng was appointed Prime Minister and Duke of Qi,Add nine tin；In April of that year, Xiao Daocheng became the king of Qi when he joined the court. He added special rites (the so-called special rites are also the highest courtesy for ministers: sword walking on the palace, entering the court without hastening, praise and worship without name).beforeCao Cao、Sima Zhao、Liu YuXiao Daocheng can get what he once got.By contrast, he is the fastest and the least responsible.The ambition of Xiao Daocheng is not the biggest in the world, but the high position of power. Then the next step, of course, is Zen generation.
Encyclopedia x Misunderstanding: Illustrating the Southern and Northern Dynasties
The process of Zen is a two act drama of sorrow and joy, first of all, the abdication of the Song Emperor.According to the etiquette, Emperor Song Shun needs to meet with officials in front of the hall, and then hand overChalazard。The little emperor was so frightened that he did not dare to come out, and fled to hide under the Buddha statue in the temple.Wang Jingzeleadpalace guardsGo in and greet Shun Di in person.Emperor Shun had already become a tearful man and sobbed to Wang Jingze: "Is the King of Qi going to kill meJin dynastyThe same is true in the world. "Although Shun Di was a puppet emperor, he was not stupid. Knowing that retribution was coming on him, he cried out, "May I never be born again in the emperor's house!"Liu ZiluanThe voice of dying is the same, this is the wail of the weak, this is the complaint of despair.It's a pity that wailing and complaining are too pale and powerless in front of power and interests.When Emperor Shun handed over the seal ribbon, all officials in the palace burst into tears, one of which was very meaningful.Doctor You GuangluWang KunIt's Emperor Song WenLiu YilongSubordinate officialsWang Hua's cousin,Eastern Jin DynastyAt the end of his life, he became a doctor in the central government. He was over 80 years old at that time, and no one was more qualified than him.He has witnessedEmperor Jin GongAbdicationLiu Yu"Everyone thinks longevity is a good thing, but I think longevity is really sad. I have experienced such scenes again and again."
Emperor Shun of Song DynastyAfter being removed, "tragedy" ends and "comedy" is replaced,Chu YuanHold the seal ribbon and leadall the civil and military officialsBefore coming to the palace of King Qi, he advised Xiao Daocheng to ascend the throne.Xiao Daocheng had to refuse three times with false pretences.A history officer named Chen Wenjian pretended to be a ghost and said to Xiao Daocheng, "Six is the number of wealth: since the Later Han DynastyEmperor GuangwuFrom, toConsecrate the emperorSo far, after one hundred and ninety-six years of abdication to the Wei Dynasty, the Wei Dynasty after forty-six years of abdication toJin dynastyAfter 156 years of abdication from the Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty has gone through 60 years with six beginnings and six endings. I hope the King of Qi will comply with the will of heaven and ascend the throne early! "The words were clear, and Xiao Daocheng accepted them, so he put down his "airs" and changed his clothes, that is, the emperor's position, the country's title, and the year's titleestablish the first month of the calendar year or of a new era, is for Emperor Qi Gaodi.andLiu YuThe way to deal with Emperor Jin Gong is similar. He grantedEmperor Shun of Song DynastybyRuyin KingWithin a month, he secretly instructed his subordinates to kill him.Liu Yu's descendants were also quickly eradicated by Xiao Daocheng, except for the disorderly exile in the imperial clan in 465Northern Wei DynastyThe ninth son of Emperor Wen of the Song DynastyLiu ChangLiu Yu's younger brother is the exception of the Liu family who stayed in the Southern Dynasty——Liu Zunkao's sonLiu ChengzhiHe survived because of his close relationship with Chu Yuan, but by blood he was far from the royal family of the Song Dynasty.The vicissitudes of the Song Dynasty in the past 60 years turned into a dream.
Jianyuan New Policy
Qi GaodiAdvocate frugality, oppose extravagance, and set an example by replacing all gold and copper utensils such as palaces, imperial guards of honor with iron, jade pendantsPendantsAnd so on.When Emperor Xiao Daocheng was in office, he often said, "Let me rule the world for ten years, and make gold and earth equal in price." This shows that he advocated thrift and practice.Emperor Qi Gaodi appointed the Han people to be in power and promotedCensorshipLaw strictly ordered the rectification of household registration, advocated thrift, lightened the burden on the people, made good relations with the north, and maintained border stability.On his deathbed, he told the princeXiao He: We should be alert to the lesson of the Jin and Song dynasties that the royal families fraternized with each other. We should do a good job in governing the country and caring for our fellow brothersPolitical stabilityThe economy will recover.Emperor Qi WuXiao Xie's political leniency has given people the opportunity to recuperate for more than 10 years, which has promoted the economic development of the south.
Xiao DaochengLearn the lesson of the demise of the Song Dynasty, be frugal, reduce and remit the people's rent debts, and ease the punishment, but all the princes of the Song Dynasty died quietly.In the following year, the household registration was expanded and clearedYu YuzhiProposed to establish a school registration officer, but the school registration work has many drawbacks. The poor people are often accused of being fraudulent and removed from the household registration, which also infringesPlebeian landownerInterests.As a result, shortly after his death, it was triggered by opposition to school registrationTang Yuzhi's riot。It is a pity that he has been in power for only three years and has not realized his long cherished wish.After his death, the temple was called Taizu, and his posthumous title was Gao Di. He was buried at the mouth of the tomb (today'sDanyang CityLingkou Town）Tai'an Mausoleum。
Rule of Yongming
Xiao HeXuan Yuan, the eldest son and mother of Xiao DaochengLiu Zhirong。After the death of Emperor Gao, he succeeded to the throne as the crown princeYongming。He is frugal and does not like traveling and feasting.Make good use of the Northern Dynasty, reduce military mobilization, appoint good officials, and improve government affairs.During the eleven years in officeEconomic cultureWith the development of, the society is more stable, so that the people have no alarm of crowing and barking, the capital is prosperous, and the ladies are rich.Historical titleRule of Yongming。
But in the turmoil
Huang JiIt's for ordinary peopleResidence bookletIt is the basis for the government to levy taxes and corvee.Huang Ji has always been a big disadvantagegentryLandlords, rich peasants and merchants)Taxes and corveesThey often bribed officials, injected forged patriarchal titles into the government's Yellow Book, and changed it into a gentry clan that could not compete in a hundred battles.In the Song Dynasty, there were many common landlords who cheated into official positions by changing their registration formEmperors were abolished after the Song DynastyIn the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (476), in YangzhouJiujunMore than 71000 households were found to have registered fraudulently on their yellow registers.There are also contingenciesBaldnessFalse monk;Or the migration is uncertain and no household name is established;There are many malpractices, such as those in the household but not in the yellow book, those in the household who have died, or those who have forged military merit, so that at least two-thirds of the military merit households are fake.As the number of tax-free households increases, the burden on the poor people becomes heavier.
To increasedirect controlTo increase tax revenue and expand the burden of corvee.Xiao DaochengIn the second year of accession (the second year of Jianyuan, 480), a special school registration officer was set upLingshiYu playzhi was appointed to take charge of the inventory of Huang's household registration, and the household registration was collated based on the registration of the 27th year of Song Yuanjia.Emperor Qi WuXiao HeAfter assuming the throne, continue to check to identify the authenticity of the gentry.Those who are considered to have "skillful and fake" household registration must be returned to the local area, called "but registration";After checking that those who should have paid taxes for their service but had forged their household registration, they restored their original household registration and continued to bear taxes, which was called "official registration". Later, they even punished those who had lost their registration as far garrisons. This practice endangered the vital interests of the common landlords who had falsified their household registration, so some people used this as an excuse to incite the discontent of those whose interests were damaged, waiting for the opportunity to make trouble.
In the winter of the third year of Yongming (485),Tang YuzhiBy taking advantage of the dissatisfaction in the implementation process of the "citizenship control" system, more than 400 people have formed a party in the new city area.In the first month of the next year, he took the opportunity of the Kuaiji Prefecture Chief Wang Jingze to go to the capital to build the "Chaozheng" (the first month to worship the emperor), and raised troops to revolt and captured the firstFuyang。The victims in the three Wu regions have joined in, as many as 30000.Most of the registered households are immigrants from the north, whose registered permanent residence isBai JiTherefore, the rioters are called "white thieves".Tang Yuzhi attacked againTonglu, advanceQian Tang、Salt officer、Zhuji、YuhangAnd called in QiantangKing of Wu, set the crown prince, and the year title is Xingping.Take Qiantang New Town as the imperial palace, the county mixed court as the imperial palace, set up hundreds of officials, and take Ke Long, a rich man from Qiantang from a humble family, as the exampleShangshu Minion Shooting, middle school secretary, part-timeImperial edict、Shang Fangling。Tang Yuzhi also sent his general Gao Daodu to attackDongyang County(Today ZhejiangJinhua）, killDongyangprefectXiao ChongzhiHe and Changshan ordered Liu Guozhong to send generalsSun HongAttack the mountain shade.Emperor Qi WuThousands of soldiers were forbidden and hundreds of war horses were crusaded.Tang Yuzhi's subordinates were just a ragtag crowd. They collapsed in the first battle. Tang Yuzhi died in the battle, and the counties were pacified one after another.This riot was a rebellion by the rich people against the inspection of Huang Ji, but they were afraid of punishment. It was not a peasant uprising at all.Many civilians who participated in the riots were punished to build Baixia City (thenNanlangye CountyThe former place of governance is nowNanjingcityJinchuan GateExternal), or distributed toHuaihe RiverI have been a garrison for ten years.
Although the riot was quickly quelled, the struggle of the plebeian landlords against censorship did not stop.In the eighth year of Yongming Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty was forced to stop the inspection of the registered permanent residence, and declared that the "registered permanent residence" was invalid. The "registered permanent residence" was allowed to return to his hometown by the people who were assigned to guard the border, restoring the original state of the registered permanent residence before the end of the Song Dynasty (477-479).Many plebeian landlords and merchants thus obtained the privilege of exemption from taxes and servitude enjoyed by the gentry, which was tantamount to acknowledging the validity of the forged household registration.
Begging Xiao Zixiang
QiJingzhou Governor, the fourth son of Emperor WuKing of PadangXiao ZixiangHe is brave and powerful, good at riding and archery, and likes military affairs. He personally selects 60 close armed guards, all of whom are brave and talented.After he became governor of Jingzhou, he held many banquets in his own housebeefWine rewards attendants.At the same time, Xiao Zixiang also made beautiful gowns and red short coats in private, and planned to send these things therebarbarian tribes, in exchange for weapons.Liu Yin, a member of Long Shi Gaoping, and Xi Gongmu, a member of Sima Anding, jointly reported the incident to Emperor Wu in secret.Emperor Wu ordered an in-depth investigation.Xiao Zixiang HeardOfficialdomWhen he arrived, he did not see Emperor Wu's edict, so he put Liu Yin, Xi Gongmu andTo consult and join the armyJiang, Dian and Wu Zhi, Wei Jingyuan gathered together and questioned them. Liu Yin and others remained confidential and did not answer.Wu Zhi said, "Since the emperor has issued an imperial edict, we should try to prevaricate." Wei Jingyuan said, "We should investigate first."
Xiao ZixiangIn a rage, he arrested Liu Yin and his entourage of eight people, killed them in the back hall, and reported all this to Emperor Wu.Emperor Wu intended to pardon them, but he was furious when he heard that they were all killed.Ren Chen (27th day), appointed to follow the kingXiao ZilongHe is the governor of Jingzhou.Emperor Wu plans to send the Huainan Grand Priest Dai Seng Jing to lead the troops to fight against Xiao Zixiang.Dai SengjingThe report said to his face: "The King of Padang is young, but Chang Shi Liu Yin and others are pushing too hard, so they are angry for a while, but they didn't think of the consequences. The son of the Son of Heaven has committed a big crime because he killed others by mistake! His Majesty suddenly sent a large army to the west, which made people panic and could do anything. Therefore, I dare not accept the imperial edict." Emperor Wu didn't say anything,But I really appreciated what Dai Sengjing said.So, sendGuardHu Xizhi、Guerrilla generalYin LueHe Zhongshu SherenRu FaliangLed hundreds of armed guards to Jiangling to hunt down the villains around Xiao Zixiang.He also issued an imperial edict saying: "If Xiao Zixiang laid down his weapons and went back to Jiankang to plead guilty, he could still save his life."PingnanInternal historyZhang XintaiBe humorousa deputy。Zhang Xintai said to Hu Xizhi, "This trip is not famous if you win, but it will be a great shame if you lose. Xiao Zixiang gathered a group of vicious and cunning people. The reason why they obey his command is that some people are greedy for rewards, and some people are afraid of his reputation, so they will not defeat themselves. If we areXiakouBy stationing troops and telling them about the relationship between interests and good fortune, we can catch criminals without using force. "Hu Xizhi didn't accept Zhang Xintai's suggestion.Zhang Xintai isZhang Xingshi's son.Hu Xizhi and others led the army to arriveJiangjinLater, the city fortress was built in Yanwei Island.Xiao Zixiang also puts on casual clothesUptown Lou, sent envoys to Hu Xizhi many times to say, "How can a son rebel against his father? I don't want to resist the imperial court, but I am careless and reckless. I tookA boatGo back to the court and acceptHomicideWhy should you build a fortress and send an army to catch me? "Yin Lue answered the messenger alone, "Who is talking to you, a traitor to your father?" Xiao Zixiang just cried.
So he killed cattle to prepare wine to reward the army sent by the imperial court, but Yin LueWine and vegetableYang went into the river.Xiao Zixiang called Ru Faliang again, but Ru Faliang refused to go because of doubts and fears.Finally, Xiao Zixiang asked to meet the official who delivered the Emperor Wu's edict. Ru Faliang refused to send the official, but instead imprisoned the envoy sent by Xiao Zixiang.Xiao Zi was so angry that he organized the warriors he had trained and more than 2000 soldiers from the prefecture government and his own house to cross the river from Lingxi to the west.Xiao Zixiang personally led more than 100 people, carrying a great deal of powerbolt, onYangtze RiverGarrison on the riverbank.The next day, his army and the army sent by the imperial court started a fierce battle. Xiao Zixiang shot with a crossbow on the river bank. As a result, the imperial army was defeated. Yin Lue was killed. Hu Xizhi and others jumped into a small boat and fled.Emperor Wu YoupaiDan Yang YinXiao ShunzhiLead the army to continue the crusade.On the same day, Xiao Zixiang led thirty civilian attendants down the river in a small boat to Jiankang.
crown princeXiao ChangmaoUsually, he hated Xiao Zixiang. When Xiao Shunzhi set out from Jiankang, Xiao Changmao told him in secret that he would kill Xiao Zixiang early and not let him return to Jiankang alive.Xiao Zixiang met Xiao Shunzhi on the way and planned to complain for himself, but Xiao Shunzhi didn't agree and strangled Xiao Zixiang with a rope in the drill hall.Before his death, Xiao Zixiang wrote a letter to Emperor Wu, reporting: "The sin of my minister has exceededMountains and riverslakes and seasShould be willing to accept punishment.However, you ordered Hu Xie and others to come, but they didn't read the imperial edict, so they put up a flag and entered the fortress area, and built a city defense on the south bank opposite my city.Several times, the minister sent letters to Ru Faliang, begging him to wear civilian clothes, but Ru Faliang refused to see me.A group of villains under his command were afraid, which led to fierce battles between the two sides. These were all my sins.On the 25th of this month, I laid down my arms and went to the imperial army alone, hoping to return to the capital and stay at home for a month. Then, I killed myself, so that I wouldn't be ridiculed for killing the emperor in the Qi Dynasty.However, I still failed to fulfill my wish. I will end my life soon.I wrote to you before I died. I cried and choked up because of my words. I don't know what else to say! "The relevant departments have asked Xiao Zixiang to sever his relationship with the royal family, cut off his title and fiefdom, and change his surname to "Octopus". Other people involved will be convicted separately.
A long time later, Emperor Wu saw aapes and monkeysStumbling and wailing, he asked the left and right attendants what was going on. The attendants said, "His child fell off the cliff and died." Emperor Wu suddenly remembered Xiao Zixiang, and could not help sobbing, tears streaming down his face.Ru Faliang was severely scolded by Emperor Wu,Xiao ShunzhiFeeling ashamed and afraid, he fell ill and died soon.Xiao Yi, the king of Yuzhang, wrote to request the burial of Xiao Zixiang's body, but Emperor Wu did not approve, and demoted Xiao Zixiang to Yu Fuhou.After Xiao Zixiang caused the warmagistrate with military powerThey all accused and condemned Xiao Zixiang for his rebellious behavior,YanzhouAssassinYuan RongzuHe said: "It's not right to say such words, but rather to say: 'Liu Yin and others have betrayed His Majesty's grace to him, so that they forced the King of Badong to take this road.'" Emperor Wu thought carefully and thought that Yuanrongzu had real insights.The Taiwan army burned Jiangling Mansions and official and Cao Cao's documents, which were destroyed in a short time.The imperial army set fire to the buildings of Jiangling Mansionadministrative archives All of them were burned in an instant.Emperor Wu becauseDasimaclerkNanyang peopleHappyHe had served as Jingzhou's aide for many times, so he called him in specially to inquire about Jingzhou. Le Ai's answer was detailed and quick. Emperor Wu was very happy and appointed him JingzhouGovernanceHe was ordered to repair Jingzhou Prefecture.Le Ai repaired hundreds of state capitalspublic building, they were all repaired soon, and they didn't work for a common people, so,Jingzhou MansionPraise him very much.
safeguard a country
Emperor Wu was very concerned about the sufferings of the people. After he ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict saying: "He was younger than age and much poorer than age. There were many disadvantages in the capital. He sent a secretary to the capital and gave generous relief." Soon, he issued another imperial edict saying, "The water and rain fell frequently, the tide was full, and the residents on the two banks were floodedcounty magistrateLong term, excellent and generous relief. "
He also issued an edict to repatriate prisoners in the army as appropriate, grant amnesty to prisoners, and provide relief to widows, widows and the poor among the people.He advocated and rewarded Nongsang, and reduced taxes in disaster years.In the fourth year of his reign, he issued an imperial edict: "YangNanxuTwo states, three percent of household rentTwo outSee the cloth, withdraw money at one penny.After the next year, we will lose money in various states far and near. We will cut the cloth straight, and the match will be four hundred, which is still half, so we think it will be permanent. "
Emperor Wu also ordered more schools to select knowledgeable people to teach in order to cultivate people's virtue.Emperor Wu took the prosperity of the country as the priority, did not like feasting and extravagance, and advocated frugality.He once ordered that the wedding should not be extravagant.
The disturbance of the prince
Emperor Qi WuAt the beginning of accession, the eldest sonXiao ChangmaoHe was made Prince.The prince is loyal, kind-hearted, filial, skillful, and loved by the government and the public. He has never made a mistake in more than ten years.Emperor Wu of Qi was relieved that the prince would inherit the country.With the decline of Emperor Wu's health, the courtiers also felt that the prince's succession was imminent.However, the weather was unpredictable, and people had unexpected fortunes. Emperor Qi Wu never dreamed that at the beginning of the 11th year of Yongming (493), the crown prince Xiao Changmao suddenly became seriously ill and died in the first month of the same year at the age of 36.After his grief, Emperor Wu of Qi posthumously assumed the title of Prince Wenhui, Xiao Changmao.One day in July of the same year, at dawn, the mist in the sky showed a little red, and another unbearable hot summer night finally passed.Yanchang HallPalaceIt has been a month since Emperor Qi Wudi went to bed.For a month, he endured the pain of losing his son and handled state affairs as usual.He is too nostalgic for those with green smoke and shining golden scalesPanlongthroneHe is too attached to the one who gives ordersImperial lifeHas.However, his growing pains made him have to admit a cruel reality: his time limit was approaching.For the future of Nanqi, he had to reconsider his successor.
Wenhuicrown prince's eldest sonXiao ZhaoyeHe has a picturesque face, beautiful appearance and excellent clerical script. Emperor Wu of Qi loved this grandson very much.But since he was a child, he was led by the second uncle King JinglingXiao ZiliangRaised and spoiled.Jingling King ZhenshouXizhouXiao Zhaoye, a young man, was also with him. Because he was not disciplined, he and more than twenty scoundrels were all in the same place, eating, clothing and drinking. They played wildly every day.His wife, Concubine He, is also a frivolous woman. She has an affair with some beautiful young people who play with Xiao Zhaoye.Later, the King of Jingling, Xiao Ziliang, entered the capital city, and Xiao Zhaoye stayed alone in Xizhou. Since then, he has gone to various camps to have sex banquets every day, and secretly asked local rich people for money. When he saw that the emperor asked for money, no one dared not borrow it.In order to reward the left and right scoundrels, heYellow paperWrite down the rank of nobility in advance and promise to appoint him immediately when he becomes the emperor.However, because Xiao Zhaoye is good at affectation, Emperor Wu and Prince Wenhui are mostly unaware of all this.
When Prince Wenhui was seriously ill, Xiao Zhaoye acted lifelike, mournful, and cried incessantly. The attendants and officials who did not know the details of Xiao Zhaoye were moved to weep when they saw Xiao Zhaoye was so filial.But as soon as he returned to his residence, he laughed and drank heartily, and ate and drank heavily. Only now, his Qi Rong was swept away. It can be said that he was a king of ostentation since childhood.Three months after the death of Prince Wenhui, Xiao Zhaoye was appointedHuang Taisun, emigrationEastern Palace。His grandfather, Emperor Qiwu, came to visit him. He greeted him and howled, crying his back.Emperor Wu went down to Yu personally to comfort him and was very moved by the child's filial piety.Later, when I heard that Emperor Wu was ill, Xiao Zhaoye sent the witch Yang Shi to curse his grandfather for dying early, so that he could ascend the throne early and give it to his wifeHe'sSend a letter with a big "Xi" on it and 36 small "Xi" around it.However, when he entered the palace, Xiao Zhaoye turned into a sad face again after wiping his face. The emperor, Sun Yan, cried and knelt down in front of Emperor Wu's bed to ask about his illness, which moved him very much.
Death of Emperor Wu
Although he has made Aisun the heir to the throne, at this time, Huang Taisun was only 20 years old and had grown up in a deep palace since childhood. He did not know how difficult his ancestors were to start a business, nor was he familiar with military and state affairs. Can he take this responsibility?Emperor Qi Wu was really not sure.His second son Xiao Ziliang is a good candidate.He served successively as Kuaiji Prefecture ChiefDanyang Yin、Yangzhou Governor, Situ and other positions, rich in ruling experience;He is also good at attracting talentsauthor of an epochmaking work in phonology、Wang Rong、Xiao Yan、Fan YunThey were all famous scholars at that time.If Xiao Ziliang is the heir to the throne, he is competent.But if you do this, it will violate“To establish a legitimate person to grow rather than to be virtuousIt is more important to build a son than to grow "Ancient adage, upset the throneInheritance order, trouble is inevitable.After much thought, Emperor Wu of Qi decided to appoint Xiao Zhaoye, the eldest grandson of the emperor, as the heir to the throne, and let Xiao Ziliang, King of Jingling, assist him.It must be a good idea. Emperor Qi Wu felt that a stone fell to the ground.A few days later, Emperor Wu of Qi became seriously ill. He ordered Xiao Ziliang, the King of Jingling, to bring a staff to Yanchang Hall to serve medicine in case of accidents.Xiao Ziliang takes Xiao Yan, Fan Yun, Wang Rong, etc. as his accountMilitary leader, assist him in handling affairs.Wang Rong was appointed by Xiao Ziliang, King of Jingling, in the fifth year of Yongming (487)Fa Cao Joins the Army, and participated in the compilation of "Four Outlooks"“Jingling Eight Friends”, which was appreciated by Xiao Ziliang, the literary leader at that time.
Wang RongAlthough he is proud of himself, he is still not enough. He relies on his talent and hopes to reach Taifu within thirty.While Wang Rong was preparing for the Northern Expedition, Emperor Qi Wu became seriously ill in July of the 11th year of Yongming's reign (493), putting his planned career aside.Immediately afteradopt an heirSharp opposition has emerged:Xiao LuanTo establish Xiao Zhaoye, Wang Rong planned to establish Xiao Ziliang, and formed the momentum of drawing a sword and a crossbow.Wang Rong's move had many advantagesEmperor Qi WuZeng Ming ordered Xiao Ziliang to "bring Jiazhan to Yanchang Hall to serve medicine", which has caused "material dispute to doubt the establishment of Ziliang"[2]The impression of.2、 Wang Rong has military power.IIIXiao ZhaoyeDefeat often leads to publicity.So Wang Rong "dressed in red clothesSecretariatThe east palace battle is broken at the entrance of the pavilion, and you cannot enter. You want to build a good son.howeverXiao ZiliangLoss due to indecision, plusXiao LuanThe imperial edict was called the imperial edict, which made Wang Rong's move suffer a devastating blow.
Huang TaisunXiao ZhaoyeI heard that Emperor Qi Wu was dying, so I hurried here.Wang Rong was dressed in clothes, and he led a warrior to guard outside the palace gate, saying that the emperor had a purpose: no one should enter the palace gate without permission.Xiao Zhaoye, holding the identity of emperor and grandson, came forward to speak with him.However, Wang Rong refused to let him go despite his excuses.In desperation, Xiao Zhaoye had to leave for a while and was alone in a daze.Soon, Emperor Qi Wu followedfaintI woke up.Seeing that the emperor and his grandson were not with him, he knew that the situation had changed. He sent a close aide to quickly summon the emperor and his grandson to lead the Jiashi into the palace, and entrusted the court affairs to the minister left to shoot the marquis of XichangXiao Luan。
JulyOn the 30th, Emperor Wu issued an imperial edict to let the assistant emperor Taisun of all Wenwu clans ascend the throne.He also specially issued an edict for his future affairs, saying: "After I knew it, I wore summer clothes, painted heavenly clothes, and pure black rhinoceros guides. I should know that no treasures or weaves were allowed, so I had to wear them againlined clothesOne for each.Those who usually wear two iron rings with long and short body sabres will follow me to the Zigong Palace.The ritual of sacrifice and respect is based on heart. It is better to kill cattle in the east than to sacrifice in the west.I am spiritually careful not to sacrifice animals, but only set up cakes, tea drinks, dry rice and wine.The world is noble and lowly, and salt is the same system.In front of the mausoleum, food is offered in the distance.The mausoleum has been built for thousands of years, which means that Xiu'an Mausoleum has not been called. Today, I can be buried in the easternmost of the three eastern places, called Jing'an Mausoleum.The funeral ceremony should be kept in provincial agreement without bothering the people.The officials arrived at six o'clock, looking forward to Zurike as before.Mastersthe imperial harems, you don't have to go from the mausoleum.Fenghua, Shouchang and Yaoling are the three places in the inner hall, which are under my control. "On the day of the imperial edict, Emperor Qi Wu died of illness and buried Jing'an Mausoleum.He was 54 years old when he was in office for 12 years.
Morality in the forest
After the death of Emperor Wu,ZhongshulangWang RongknowTaisunXiao Zhaoye has no virtue and can't stand the throne. He wants to welcome King Jingling, the second son of Emperor WuXiao Ziliang。But the conspiracy was defeated by the marquis of XichangXiao LuanIt was learned that he rushed into the palace first, summoned officials to court, and ordered someone to help Xiao Ziliang out of the palace.After the officials went to court, under the command of Xiao Luan, they adjusted their clothes, went to the palace and arranged shifts, knelt down in turn, and shouted to the emperor, the grand mother and the grandson, "Long live!".In this way, Xiao Zhaoye, the great grandson of the emperor, ascended the throne.Xiao Zhaoye was 20 years old when he succeeded to the throne in 493 AD.Xiao Zhaoye ordered Wang Rong to be killed more than ten days after he ascended the throne.The next year, Xiao Zhaoye changed to Longchang.
Xiao Zhaoye summoned the musicians and actors of Emperor Wu to play music and dance as soon as Emperor Wu had collected.The musicians and actors missed the old emperor and shed tears while performing, while the little emperor laughed and ate happily on the throne.On the day of Emperor Wu's funeral, Xiao Zhaoye had just left the end gate of the funeral cart when he said that he was sick and could not go to the cemetery.After returning to the palace, the musicians were immediately summoned to perform songs, dances and trumpetsHuqin, sound inside and outside.ministerWang JingzeAsk Xiao Zhaoye's trusted followersXiao Tanzhi"Isn't it too early to sing so happily?" Xiao Tanzhi was also full of humor. He replied, "This is the cry in the palace!"
After Xiao Zhaoye ascended the throne, he was very willing to reward the left and right groups of small people, one reward would be hundreds of thousands.Every time I saw the gold and silver ingots on the bottom, I said to myself, "I used to think that one of you was rare, and I will see how I can use you!" The total amount of money in the imperial treasury is 800 million yuan, and there are countless gold, silver and cloth. Xiao Zhaoye has spent most of his money less than a year since he succeeded to the throne, and all of them have been rewarded to the right, left, and palace people.A group of people usually throw and smash the cultural relics and treasures that are scattered throughout the palace, which is a joy.
It is estimated that Xiao Zhaoye has a habit of strange clothes and often wears colorful and beautiful clothes in the palace.He bought cocks at a high price to fight and play, but he was very happy.His own queen, He Shi, is also very "free" and has promiscuous intercourse with the left and right every day.
Xichang seizes the throne
The leaders of the imperial guards of the Southern Qi DynastyXiao Chen、Xiao TanzhiSeeing that the little emperor was becoming more and more arrogant, he was afraid that something would happen in the future, so he secretly attached himself to the nephew of Emperor Gao, the Marquis of XichangXiao LuanAnd prepare to abolish it.
Xiao Luan, ParentXiao Daosheng。The word Jingqi has a nickname of Xuandu.Xiao Luan's parents died when he was young, and he was raised by his uncle Xiao Daocheng, who treated him as if he were his own.During the reign of Emperor Shun of the Song Dynasty, Xiao Luan served as the Anji Order, famous for his strictness;Later moved to HuainanXuanchengprefect,Auxiliary general。Emperor Qi Gaodi was then the Marquis of XichangYingzhouGovernor;The Emperor of Qi Wu, Xiao Heshi, was promoted to the position of servantWarrior General。When Xiao Xie died, he assisted Xiao Zhaoye with Xiao Luan.
In 494, Xiao Luan led troops into the palace. At that time, Xiao Zhaoye was drinking with his favorite wife, Huo Shi, naked. When he heard the news, he immediately ordered the palace door to be closed.Seeing Xiao Chen running with a sword from afar, the little emperor knew that his attendants were plotting to betray him. Knowing that there was no hope, he stabbed himself with a knifeNeck , due to too much wine and lack of courageDirect hitTrembling made suicide unsuccessful.
Xiao Chen sent someone to roughly bandage Xiao Zhaoye with silk, and carried him out of Yande Hall on his shoulder.When Xiao Chen first broke into the palace, the guards saw that some soldiers were holding shields and swords to fight. Xiao Chen shouted, "You don't need to move your own people." The guards thought that Xiao Chen, as the head of the Forbidden Guard, was ordered by the emperor to enter the palace to arrest people, and they all put down their weapons and stood by.Soon, the palace guards saw that the emperor was injured and was helped out. They all wanted to come forward to rescue him.If the emperor shouts, the winner is not certain.Strangely, Xiao Zhaoye sat on his shoulder with his head drooped. Everyone had to watch him being carried out of the hall.As soon as Xiao Zhaoye disappeared from the view of the guards, Xiao Luan's soldiers stabbed the 21-year-old man in the West LaneAbsurd emperor。
Xiao LuanIn the name of Empress Dowager, Xiao Zhaoye was deposed as the King of Yulin and his younger brother was appointedKing Xin'anXiao Zhaowen。Xiao Zhaowen has been the emperor for only 74 days, but Xiao Luan abolished himHailing King。Xiao Luan established himself as Emperor and changed the Yuan DynastyJianwu, i.eEmperor Qi Ming。Xiao Luan sent someone to assassinate Xiao Zhaowen, who was only 14 years old, within a month of his accession to the throne.
Emperor Ming Tuzong
Xiao Luan, the Emperor of Qi Ming, was insidious in nature. In addition, he took the throne as a neighbor, so he was quite afraid of the surviving sons of Emperor Gao Xiao Daocheng and Emperor Wu Xiao.In addition to the appointment of pawn tags for surveillance, they were brutally killed.During his five years in officeused in place nameskingXiao Qiang、King LulingXiao ZiqingTwenty or thirty descendants of Emperor Wu and other high officials were almost all killed.The youngest of them was only six or seven years old when they were killed.The second son of Emperor Weigao, the son of King Xiaoyi of YuzhangXiao ZixianBrother survived.The Ming Emperor's ruthlessness towards the imperial family still makes history readers shudder for thousands of years.This also became one of the important reasons for the demise of the Southern Qi Dynasty.
External frugality and internal extravagance
After his accession to the throne, Xiao Luan lived in seclusion for a long time, and advocated frugality with great fanfare. He stopped making contributions to the central government from all over the country, even the gold and silver gifts worshiped by ministers on his birthday. People broke them and stopped building many of themLarge scale projectHowever, his palace is full of gold and jade.Xiao YingzhouHe said frankly to him: If your majesty still wants to smash things, just smash those in your palace.Xiao Luan was embarrassed when he was exposed to his face.Xiao Luan was seriously ill in his old age and respected Taoism andThe art of hating victory, changed all the clothes to red, and kept his illness secret until Xiao Luan sent an imperial edict to the governmentWhitebaitIt was only when he thought of the medicine that the outside world knew Xiao Luan was ill.In 498, Xiao Luan died of illness and was buried in Xing'an Mausoleum.
East twilight chaos
Empress Qi abolished the emperorXiao BaojuanHe is the second son of Xiao Luan and Liu Huiduan, the main member of his family. He has the name Zhicang, and his real name is Mingxian. He is a pig.Xiao Baojuan's mother died earlyPrincess Panraise.In 499, Xiao Baojuan ascended the throne after Xiao Luan died.His personality is slow, astringent, dizzy and violentChinese historyOn the famous absurd emperor.When he was young, he did not like reading, and took delight in catching mice.I prefer to play the game of dangchuang, and play on the shoulders and teeth of a big wooden building more than seven feet long, even if the teeth are broken.Xiao Baojuan did not like to contact with ministers. He often wandered out of the palace. Every time he went out, he had to demolish houses, expel residents, and reward a large number of courtiers, causing financial difficulties for the country.More ministers were killed. They killed them just after they ascended the throneMinister of DutyRight Minion ShootingJiang Short, SikongXu Xiaosi、Right GeneralXiao Tanzhi、Leading GeneralLiu Huan et al.Also because of Xiao Baojuan's dizzy storm, Shi'an KingXiao Yaoguang、TaiweiWang JingzeHe and General Cui Jinghui successively launched a rebellion, but they were defeated and killed.Xiao Baojuan, who thought he had a destiny to suppress the rebellion, was even more dizzy and violent.So the empress dowager Xuande issued a decree to criticize him: "In all battles, all the soldiers were poor and traitors, all the soldiers were slaughtered and peddlers, all of them looked dangerous and ugly, all of them had the power of the imperial court, and all of them had the power to kill the innocent and accept their property,Jaundicedbetween.Tu Fu Bi Wu... The bamboo of Zeng Chu and Yue was not enough to speak, correct Xin and Gui, how could they match. "
Most Southern emperors were extravagant and corrupt, especially Xiao Baojuan.When the rear palace was burned, three luxurious palaces, namely, Xianhua, Immortal and Yushou, were built. The five nine bells of the solemn temple were stripped to decorate the outside of the hall. Gold was chiseled into lotus flowers and pasted on the ground, so that Pan, the favorite princess, walked on it, which was called "lotus flowers grow step by step".He also likes to work as a butcher and peddler.Once set up a market in the palace to let eunuchs kill pigs and sheep and maidsSelling wineSelling meat.Concubine Pan acted asMunicipal decree, he served as the deputy of Concubine Pan, and in case of emergency, he handed over the verdict to Concubine Pan.Xiao Baojuan was extravagant only in personal enjoyment, but very stingy externally.The rebel Xiao Yan's army has been fought outside the city, eunuchRu FazhenKneeling down to ask him to reward the soldiers, he still refused, and said: "Is the villain only catching me? Why did he ask me for a reward?"
Xiao Yandai Qi
Xiao Baojuan sent people to poison the Yongzhou governor who was the most powerful in pacifying the rebellionXiao Yi, and suspicious of his younger brother Yongzhou (now Hubei ProvinceXiangyangMunicipal governorXiao YanHe plotted against the Imperial Court and sent people to assassinate him.Unexpectedly, the assassin did not act according to the order and told Xiao Yan about it.This gave Xiao Yan an excuse to start the war.In November of the second year of Yongyuan, Xiao Yan called the general to say that the Lord (Xiao Baojuan) was fatuous and tyrannical, and his crimes exceededKing Zhou of Shang DynastyI decided to abolish him and establish a new emperor with you to prosper the country.Immediately, the headquarters was set up, and the troops were gathered to support more than ten thousand people, more than one thousand war horses, and more than 3000 ships. They were actively preparing for the war.Xiao Baojuan learned the news of Xiao Yan's uprising and sent the general of FuguoBrazil、ZitongSecond county magistrateLiu ShanyangWhen leading 3000 soldiers to pass Jiangling (now Hubei) on their way to office, they met with Xiao Yingzhou, the long history of Xilang, and attacked Yongzhou, intending to eradicate Xiao Yan.
Liu Shanyang and others entered Jiang'an (todayHubeiPublic security), stayed for more than ten days and refused to go north.Xiao Yan sent people to Jiangling to write and spread“Shanyang WestThe rumor of "attacking Jing and Yong" made Xiao Yingzhou hesitate;In addition, knowing that Xiao Yan has been recruiting for a long time, and that Jiangling has always been afraid of Yongzhou, he is very afraid.Xiao Yingzhou and others conspired to kill Liu Shanyang and led the crowd to meet Xiao Yan.In December, Xiao Yingzhou and others issued a proclamation to the civil and military officials of Jiankang, listed the crimes of Emperor Qi, and sent troops to attackXiangzhou, Xiakou, etc.By the end of December,The golden meanprefectWei Rui, Hua Shan Tai ShouKang HuanThey also led the public to respond to Xiao Yan.In the first month of the third year, Xiao Yan led the uprising army from Yongzhou.In March, the eighth son of Emperor MingNankang KingXiao BaorongIn Jiangling, the emperor took the throne, and was transformed into Zhongxing.By September, they had captured the first place in the summer (now the governor of Hunan ProvinceShashiEastHankouPresent Hubei ProvinceWuhanHankou City)Jiangzhou(Today's Jiangxi ProvinceJiujiangCity), enter near Jiankang.In October, Xiao Yan and other troops launched an attack on Jiankang.In December, Taicheng was attacked.
Xiao Yan Joins Qi Jiang to AttackJiankangOn the night of the city, Xiao Baojuan signed a song in the Hande Hall.Xiao Baojuan was killed by the general when Xiao Yan sent troops to attack JiankangWang ZhenguoKilled.After recoveryEast Dusk Marquis。
After Xiao Yan attacked the capital, he took charge of the military and political affairs and accumulated the number of positions toLiang Wang。In March of the second year of Zhongxing (502), he met Emperor Xiao Baorong and returned to Gushu (nowAnhui ProvinceDangtu County）And forced them to abdicate and destroy the Southern Qi Dynasty.In April, Xiao Yan ascended the throne and became emperor in Jiankang, changing the country name to Liang, that isEmperor Liang Wu。Immediately, Xiao Baorong was killed in Gushu, and his posthumous title was He Di.
territory
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Huaibei in the Liu Song Dynasty was almost completely collapsed in the Southern Qi Dynasty.QingzhouMove Qushan (East China Sea), Jizhou to WokouYuzhouGoverning longevityBeiyanzhouTreating HuaiyinNorth XuzhouCure clock separation.restState and countyMost of them follow Liu Song's past.
There were 23 states, 395 counties and 1474 counties in the Southern Qi DynastyNorthern Wei DynastyInvasion, toEast Dusk MarquisAt that time, the counties north of the Hanshui River were successively sunk.Governor of Yuzhou in the second year of YongyuanPei ShuyeThe traitors lost their longevity again, and they all died three years later.In the heyday of the Southern Qi Dynasty, Nanzheng, FanchengXiangyang、YiyangShouchun, Huaiyang, Jiaocheng, Liankou and Qushan are important national defense cities in the north.[3]
Culture
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Academic thought
QiYongmingFrom 483 to 493, the society and politics were relatively stable, and the economy was relatively prosperous. He devoted himself to writing and researching for writersrules governing the rhythm of wordsandPoetic creationLaws provide good material conditions.Xiao HeFollow his father since childhoodEmperor Gao of Qi Xiao DaochengHe has traveled from east to west and served as a countyGovernorHe has rich experience in governing.After he ascended the throne, he paid special attention to adjustmentruling classBetween the ruling class andWei DynastyWe should also pay attention to reconciling the relations within the ruling class.Therefore, during his 11 years in office,Social comparisonStable, production has been better developed, and the people are rich.The Preface to the Book of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the Biography of Good Governance, said: "In the Yongming era, for more than ten years, the people did not have the alarm of crowing and barking, the capital was prosperous, the women were rich, the singing and dancing festival, the round clothes and makeup, the peach blossom and green water, and the autumn moon and spring wind covered a hundred." The authorXiao ZixianIt was the imperial clan of the Southern Qi Dynasty, but it reflected the reality of that time.Secondly, the ruling class's emphasis on literature and the activities of literary groups have greatly promoted the prosperity andWriting SkillsImprovement.
From the Southern DynastyLiu SongSince then, the independence of literature has been greatly strengthened,YuanjiaSixteen years (440),Emperor Wen of Song DynastystayConfucianismBesides the three museums of metaphysics and history, there is a separate literature museum;Thereafter,Emperor Song MingstandZongming TempleIt is divided into five parts: Confucianism, Taoism, literature, history, Yin and Yang.Since then, literature as an independent discipline has been separated from classics and history.For decades, through the continuous efforts of several generations, literature was finally liberated from the status of a vassal of feudal rule, and made great progress.During the reign of Qi Yongming, due to the attention of the ruling class, scholars were often recruited by senior figures of the ruling group and gathered under their door. In addition to certain jobs, they also collectively created literature, learned skills, and jointly explored the internal development laws of literatureThe development of literatureIt provides favorable conditions.According to historical records, there were at least four relatively large literary groups in Yongming period, in order: general of the guard armyWang JianGroup, Jingling Wang Xiaoziliang Group, Yuzhang Wang Xiaoyi Group, SuiwangXiao ZilongGroup.amongXiao ZiliangThe group has been in existence for the longest time, with the largest number of people, the largest scale and the greatest impact.“yongming-style ”Most poets come from this group.
yongming-style
Yongming Poets' Creation and“yongming-style ”Characteristics of poetry: Yongming poets not only have theories, but also have a lot of poetry creation.The Book of the Southern Qi Dynasty · The Biography of Lu Jue said: "At the end of the Yongming Dynasty, Sheng was an article, Wu Xingauthor of an epochmaking work in phonology, ChenjunXie TiaoLangyaWang RongPush perseverance with gas,RunanZhou YongGood sensesound, and other texts are all written by Gong Shang, with the four tones of "Ping Shang Jin", which can not be increased or decreased, and the world call it "Yongming Style". "The representative writers of "Yongming Style" have always been regarded as Shen Yue, Xie Tiao and Wang Rong.Shen Yue has the largest number of poems, and his theoretical exposition represents the idea of "Yongming style", but his actual creative achievements are not as good as Xie Tiao's.The Inheritance of Xie Tiao's Poetic StyleCao Zhi, good at starting with epigrams, and taking bothXie Lingyun、Bao ZhaoThe advantages of the two families avoid the disadvantages of difficulty.Xie Tiao has more than 130 five character poems, includingmodern poetryAbout one third.These poems all have the rudiments of five character regular poems, only rhymed with oblique tones.The rhythm of sentences and texts is still uncertain.Although his poems are still a little chaotic in rhythm, we can see that they have gradually become more attractive.In addition to the above three people,Fan Yun、Qiu ChiThey have also written many good poems, and their poetic style is close to Xie and Shen.He became famous in Liang DaicaiHe Xun、Wu Jun、Liu YunandLiu XiaochuoEveryone has their own family.He Xun's poetic style is also close to Xie Tiao, and Wu Jun is more ancient and distinctive.Jingling Eight FriendsOne, later becameLiang DynastyFounding EmperorOfXiao YanI have also written some beautiful and readable poems, but I don't agree with them“Four tones and eight diseases”Said.
"Yongming Style" Poetry inLiterary historyBefore the Yongming style, what was popular in the poetry world was“Ancient style poetry”, also known as "ancient poetry" and "ancient style", each article has four words, five words, six wordsSeven wordsThe various styles of miscellaneous words do not seek for antithesis, and the tone and rhyme are also relatively free.After the Tang Dynasty, regular poems and quatrains were formed, known as“modern-style poetry”, also known as "modern poetry".This is in contrast to the "ancient style poetry". There are strict regulations on the number of sentences, words, tone and rhyme.The embryonic form of this "modern style poetry" is "new style poetry", that is, "Yongming style poetry".The appearance of "Yongming style" indicates that the ancient style poetry has come to an end and indicates that "modern style poetry" is about to appear.Therefore, even if later generations put forward such and such criticisms on "Yongming style" poetry, the position of "Yongming style" poetry in the history of literature should be affirmed and given appropriate evaluation.
Art
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Qi GaodiHe has collected a large number of artistic works.Portrait Painters of Nanjing PalaceSheikhIt was an important painter at that time. It was the earliest extant ChinaPainting TheoryThat is, it comes from his writing and has a great influence on later generations.Located 20 kilometers east of NanjingQi XiashanSheshanQixia TempleThere are Buddha statues in the nearby caves, which originated from the Qi Dynasty.
Imperial lineage
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Serial Table of the Emperors of the Qi Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty
