Nan (pinyin: n á n) is a first level standard Chinese character (commonly used)[1], this word was first seen in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty[2]。The original meaning of the southern character is unknownYin ruinsIn divination, it has been borrowed as a word of location, that is, facing the sun in the morning, the right hand side is opposite to "north".Extended to southern regions or countries.It also refers to the music of ancient southern minorities.When reading n in the south, it is used for“NanwuThe word "(m ó)" means to hold the head together and show respect or conversion to Buddhism.
Chinese name
south
Pinyin
nán、nā
Radical
ten
Five strokes
FMUF[3]
Cang Jie
JBTJ[3]
Zheng Ma
EDLD[3]
Stroke order
Horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal hook, point, skim, horizontal, horizontal, vertical
Flow chart of font evolution (refer to the text shown in this figure for the serial number in the text)[2]
There are different opinions on the configuration of the south character. Some people think that the "south" character in oracle bone inscriptions (Figure 1) and bronze inscriptions (Figures 2 and 3) is like the shape of the belly of a tortoise shell, and the "center" shape in the upper part is the head.Most of the tortoises live in caves facing south, so the tortoise shape is used to refer to the south.In order to distinguish from the word "turtle", the image of the front half of the tortoise shell plate is used to represent "south".Others believe that the "South" character in oracle bone inscriptions is like a bell shaped musical instrument.Mr. Guo Moruo believes that this musical instrument is bronze.According to other researchers, it is a musical instrument evolved from the container. The "center" shape of the upper part is the knob, and the lower part is the body.This kind of musical instrument is popular in the south, so it is used to refer to the south.However, there is no use case for these statements in the literature.
"South" is a word with primitive shape.From ancient times to the present, its shape has not changed much. Although its inscriptions on gold and small seal characters have changed somewhat compared with oracle bone inscriptions, their general outlines are still the same.After entering the Han Dynasty, after going through the stages of official changes and regular script, the word "south" gradually became a stroke, with the upper "center" being written in the form of a "cross", and the lower part becoming the next "square".[2][5]
Detailed interpretation
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pronunciation
Syntax attribute
interpretation
English translation
example sentence
illustrative word
nán
noun
Location words.Face the sun in the morning, on the right side (opposite to "north").
south
The Book of Songs·Zhou Nan · 樛 Wood》: "In the south, there is Yimu, and Ge Yilei."
Mao Dun's "Midnight" 1: "The car is going faster and faster. Go east along the North Suzhou Road, and turn south at the Waibaidu Bridge."
《Zhou Rites·Local Officer · Dasi Tu: "In the south, the scenery is short and hot. In the north, the scenery is long and cold."
Han Dynasty, Cao Cao《Short Song Line》"The moon is bright and the stars are rare, and the magpie flies south."
Going south;go down south
nā
Non morpheme word
【Nanwu】(n m ó) Buddhist term, which means paying homage to the three treasures of Buddhists and monks.
(Reference: Chinese Dictionary[6]Modern Chinese Dictionary[7]）
Interpretation of Ancient Books
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Analytical Dictionary of Characters
[Volume VI] [𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵𣎵144309
Dummy H to South①, with branches and responsibilities②Also.From③，𢆉④Sound.
𡴖，ancient Chinese prose.
[Note] ① South China: Xu Kai《Shuo Wen Jie Zi Shi Chuan》: "The South upholds cultural education." ② Zhi Ren: Wang Jun《Interpreting words and sentences》: "Its leaves grow luxuriantly, and its branches can do whatever they want." ③ 𣎵 (p ॶ): There are plenty of plants. ④𢆉 (r ě n) sound: Xu Kai's Biography of Shuowen Jiezi System: "Yang Yin Eba."[8]
Notes on Shuowen Jiezi
"There is a branch from Dummy H to the south" Note:This is also a mistake. When Yunnan Renya, it is also an example of Dongdong.The next step is to use Dummy Dummy to the south, which means to invent from the bottom.The Annals of the Laws of the Han Dynasty says: Dayang is in the south, and the south is also in charge.Yang Qi can be used to nourish things. It is summer at that time.Those who go south with Dummy Dummy Dummy are like those who go south with Dummy Dummy Dummy Dummy until summer.There are branches and responsibilities, which are called Dummy Dummy Dummy in summer.Therefore, we should follow the rules.According to Gu Nan's male character, we borrow each other.
Note:𨙻 including cutting.Ancient sounds are in seven parts.[9]
Song rhyming dictionary
Nahanche, Pingqin mud ‖ South acoustic intrusion 2 (n á n)
South, fire side.It is also a fruit name. According to the Records of Foreign Bodies Near the Sea, "Duonan is as big as a finger, purple, sweet, and plum like." Another surname is Nan Yiya, a senior official of Lu.It also has the Han compound surname, Jiu surname.In Zuo Zhuan, there was a surname of Nan Shi in Qi, and the descendants took it as their surname.There is Nangong in Lu to respect uncle.Gao Shiquan of the State of Jin hid in Nanxiang because he took his surname.During the Six Kingdoms Period, there was a Southern Master who wrote books about the five elements of Yin and Yang.Zhuangzi has Nanguo Ziqi and Nanrong Gui.In ancient times, there were good and cruel people who were behind Nanrong①He presented it to the king, and his descendants took it as their surname.There is also Cai, the son of Nanbo.In Surname Yuan, there are Nanye surname and Nanmen surname.That cut.VII.
[Proofreading] ① Nan Rongzhi, Duan Yucai deleted the word "Zhi".Nanrong is the south eaves of the house.[10]
Kangxi Dictionary
Under Subset, Ten Parts South;External strokes: 7
Ancient Chinese: 𡴖, 𡴟
"Tang Yun", "Ji Yun", "Yun Hui" and "Zheng Yun" are all male.Shuowen: As far as the south, there are branches and trees.Xu said, "The south is the main culture, so it is called Ren Ya, the main branch.".Records of the Former Han Dynasty: The sun is the south.South, Ren Ya.Yang Qi can be used to nourish things. It is summer at that time.White Tiger Pass: The law of August is called Nanlu He.Ren Ya is from the south.There is also any shepherd's purse and wheat in the speech of Yang Qi.
It is also famous.Poetry: Xiaoya: south of Yiya.Yunhui: The south is also known as elegant music, just like the nine summers. The south of Xia is a place of civilization, so it is called South.Zhounan Zhaonan is also famous for its music.
Another surname.Yun Hui: The doctor of Lu Nan Yi.The Book of the Song Dynasty - Law Annals: The class galloped together on the left, and Dong Nanqi bridled.
Shuangnan, Jinya.Fan Zhongyan's Fu on the Melting of Gold: Yinghua is unique, and the price of Shuangnan is higher.The drumbeating has not stopped, and the hundred chain work can be expected.
In the Name of Translation, he said "He Nan" with his palms together.Chunhua Post - Letter of Mrs. Wei: Wei and Nan.
And "Yun Bu": Yeni is eager, and the sound is peaceful."Poem · Wind": sent far to the south.Shen reread.Lu Yun's "Ode to Joy and Ji": Zhu Mingqi, from the south, triumphant, restored the old office of Huozheng, and deposed the posterity from Chongyin.[11]
The "ten" are small and the "ten" are large.The horizontal strokes of the "ten" are short, and the vertical strokes slant slightly to the left. The outer frame of the "wing" is wide. The horizontal segment is on the horizontal centerline, and the vertical hook segment is slightly longer than the left vertical segment;The points in the frame and the vertical center line are separated on both sides of the vertical center line. The two horizontal lines are short on the top and long on the bottom. The short line is vertical on the vertical center line. The upper end does not protrude, and the lower end is level with the left vertical line.[12]
Note: The following table is the "South" lecture of "North South".Initials and finals of dialect words are marked with International Phonetic Alphabet;The pronunciation of each dialect point is based on the accent of the middle-aged and elderly people in the local urban area, which is only for reference
Dialect category
Dialect point
Initials and finals
Value adjustment
Tune
Mandarin (Beijing Mandarin)
Beijing
nan
thirty-five
the rising tone
Mandarin (Jilu Mandarin)
Jinan
næ̃
forty-two
the rising tone
Mandarin (Zhongyuan Mandarin)
Xi'an
næ̃
twenty-four
the rising tone
Mandarin (Southwest Mandarin)
Wuhan
nan
two hundred and thirteen
the rising tone
Mandarin (Southwest Mandarin)
Chengdu
nan
twenty-one
the rising tone
Mandarin (Jianghuai Mandarin)
Hefei
læ̃
fifty-five
the rising tone
Mandarin (Jianghuai Mandarin)
Yangzhou
liæ̃
thirty-four
the rising tone
Jin
Taiyuan
næ̃
eleven
Flat voice
Wu dialect
Suzhou
nø
twenty-four
the rising tone
Wu dialect
Wenzhou
nø
thirty-one
the rising tone
Hunan dialect
Changsha
lan
thirteen
the rising tone
Hunan dialect
Bimodal
læ̃
thirteen
the rising tone
Jiangxi speech
Nanchang
lan
twenty-four
the rising tone
hakka dialect
Meixian County
nam
eleven
the rising tone
Cantonese
Guangzhou
nam
twenty-one
the rising tone
Cantonese
Yangjiang
nam
forty-three
the rising tone
Min Language (Southern Fujian)
Xiamen
lam
twenty-four
the rising tone
Min Language (Southern Fujian)
Chaozhou
lam
fifty-five
the rising tone
Min Language (East Fujian)
Fuzhou
naŋ
fifty-two
the rising tone
Min Language (Northern Fujian)
Jianou
naŋ
twenty-two
Yin removal
(Reference: Chinese Phonetic Vocabulary[14], Handian[13]）
Related culture
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In Chinese mythology, the south belongs to fire, red is its color, the emperor of the south is Yan, and the god of the south isZhu Rong, androsefinchIt is the animal god of the south.
In ancient China, the orientation of seats was very particular. People had long recognized that the position facing north and south could fully enjoy the sun, and this orientation was the best. Therefore, the ancient emperors took this orientation as the most respected. When they summoned their officials, they must face south.According to the Book of Changes, "Sages have heard of the world from the south, and this" south "later generally refers to the rule of emperors.For example, "the southern respect" is the throne of the emperor;"To be alone in the south" means to be independent.In the Analects of Confucius, "Confucius said, 'Yong can also use the south.'" In colloquial terms, Ran Yong is a man who can make him a leader.
