Hua Luogeng graduated from Jintan County Junior High School in 1924;In 1931, he was transferred to the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University;1936University of Cambridgevisit;In 1938, he was appointed professor of Tsinghua University;In 1946, he served as a researcher of Princeton Institute of MathematicsPrinceton University andUniversity of Illinois Professor;Elected in 1948Academician of Academia Sinica；In the spring of 1950, he arrived in Beijing from the United States via Hong Kong, wrote an Open Letter to All Chinese Students Studying in the United States on the way back to China, and then returned to Tsinghua Park to serve as the dean of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University;Elected in 1951Chinese Mathematics SocietyPresident, appointed as the director of the upcoming Institute of Mathematics in the same year;In 1954, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the First to Sixth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China;In 1955, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Academic Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;In 1982, he was elected as a foreign academician of the National Academy of Sciences;In 1983, he was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences;In 1985, he was elected as an academician of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hua Luogeng is mainly engaged in the research of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, function theory of multiple complex variables, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields;It also solved the estimation problem of Gauss complete trigonometric sum, the improvement of Waring and Tari problems, the proof of the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry, and the application research of modern number theory methods;The international mathematical scientific research achievements named after Fahrenheit include "Fahrenheit theorem", "Fahrenheit inequality", "Hua Wang method", etc[2]。
Founder and Pioneer of Chinese Analytic Number Theory Father of Chinese Modern Mathematics Ceva's theorem Hua Wang Method In 1955, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Academic Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hua Luogeng was born in Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province on November 12, 1910. When he was young, he liked to use his brain. Because he was too absorbed in thinking, he was often nicknamed "Luo Daizi" by his peers.
In 1922, after graduating from Renqi Primary School in the county seat at the age of 12, he entered Jintan County Junior High School (nowJiangsu Hualuogeng Middle School），Wang WeikeThe teacher found his mathematical ability and tried to cultivate it.
In 1925, after graduating from junior high schoolShanghai Zhonghua Vocational SchoolHe dropped out of school because he could not afford the tuition. He dropped out of school and went home to help his father manage the grocery store. So he only had a junior high school diploma in his life.Since then, he has spent five years on his own to complete all the math courses in high school and junior college.
In the autumn of 1927, he married Wu Xiaoyuan.
In the winter of 1929, unfortunately, he contracted typhoid fever and left his left leg permanently disabled, so he had to use a cane to walk.
Hua Luogengbest-known Chinese mathematician
In 1929, he was employed as a commoner in Jintan Middle School and began to publish papers in Shanghai's Science and other magazines.
At the end of 1930, the reason why the solution of the quintic equation of Su Jiaju's algebra could not be established was published in the Shanghai Science magazine, which caused a sensation in the mathematical world[3][26]。In the same year, Dean of Mathematics Department of Tsinghua UniversityXiong QinglaiAfter learning about Hua Luogeng's self-study experience and mathematical talent, he broke the rules and let Hua Luogeng enter the library of Tsinghua University as a librarian.
In 1931, he entered the Mathematics Department of Tsinghua University as an assistant. During this period, he taught himself English, French, German and Japanese, and published three papers in Chinese foreign magazines.
In 1933, he was exceptionally promoted to teaching assistant.
In September 1934, he was promoted to lecturer[4]。
study overseas
Hua Luogengbest-known Chinese mathematician
In 1935, mathematicianNorbert Wiener(Norbert Wiener) visited China and noticed the potential of Hua LuogengHardy(Godfrey Harold) highly recommended.
In 1936, he went to Cambridge University in England and spent two crucial years.He was already inHualin problemWaring's problem has yielded many results and benefited from the influence of Hardy Litwood School in Britain.At least 15 of his articles were published in Cambridge.One of his papers on Gauss won him a reputation in the world.
Resolutely return to China
In 1937, he returned to Tsinghua University as a full professor, and later moved with the university to the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming until 1945.
From 1939 to 1941, he wrote more than 20 papers and completed the first mathematical monograph "On Stacking Prime Numbers" on a stilted building in Kunming.
From February to May 1946, he was invited to visit the Soviet Union;In September of the same year, he visited the Institute of Advanced Studies in Princeton, the United States.
In 1947, the Russian version of On Piling Prime Numbers was published in the Soviet Union, and the German, English, Japanese, Hungarian and Chinese versions were successively translated and published in various countries.
In 1948, he was employed as a full professor by the University of Illinois until 1950.
In 1949, shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hua Luogeng resolutely decided to give up his preferential treatment in the United States and rush to the embrace of the motherland.
Hua Luogeng, World Master of Mathematics
In February 1950, Hua Luogeng arrived in Beijing from the United States via Hong Kong with his wife and children. On the way, Hua Luogeng wrote an open letter to all Chinese students studying in the United States. On March 10, the Central People's Broadcasting Station broadcast the open letter. In the letter, he said: "Although Liangyuan is good, it is not a place to live for a long time. Come back."[24]Later, he returned to Tsinghua Park and served as the dean of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University.
In August 1951, the first national congress of the Chinese Mathematical Society was held in Beijing, and Hua Luogeng was elected as the president.
In July 1952, at the invitation of Guo Moruo, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was established and served as the director;In September, he joined the China Democratic Alliance.
In 1953, he participated in the Chinese scientist delegation's visit to the Soviet Union, and attended the first world mathematician congress after World War II, the Asia Pacific Peace Conference and the World Peace Council in Hungary.
In 1955, he was elected as a member (academician) of the Academic Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[5]。
In 1956, he began to prepare for the establishment of the Institute of Computational Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His paper "Theory of Multivariate Complex Variable Functions in Typical Fields" won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award in 1956, and published monographs in Chinese, Russian and English.
In 1958, he served as Vice President and Head of Mathematics Department of University of Science and Technology of China;In the same year, he applied to join the Communist Party of China;In the same year, he and Guo Moruo led the Chinese delegation to attend the Conference on Coordination of Science, Technology and Engineering Issues held in New Delhi.
Cultural Revolution
After the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, Hua Luogeng, who was promoting the "two laws" in other places, was called back to Beijing by the rebels for inspection and criticism.Hua Luogeng, relying on his personal reputation, seconded competent personnel to various places to form "teams to promote the optimization method and the overall planning method", and personally led the teams to various parts of the country to promote the "two methods". Everywhere he went, he launched mass activities of scientific experiments and practices, and achieved great economic and social benefits.
In 1969, he launched the book "Optimality" and presented the manuscript to the State Council of the People's Republic of China as a gift for the 20th anniversary of the National Day.
In April 1970, according to the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, the State Council invited the heads of seven ministries of industry to listen to Hua Luogeng talk about the Optimization Law and the Overall Planning Law.
In 1974, Jiang Qing, the deputy leader of the "Central Leading Group for the Cultural Revolution", publicly named him at the annotation meeting of legalists' works, saying that his promotion of the "two laws" in more than 20 provinces and cities was "sightseeing".
In August 1975, when the "double method" was promoted in the Great Khingan Mountains, he came to Harbin from the Great Khingan Mountains logging site, and suffered from myocardial infarction for the first time.He was in a coma for six weeks and was once critically ill.
After the Cultural Revolution
On the eve of Hua Luogeng's visit to Japan on June 1, 1985
In May 1979, he made a seven month visit to Western Europe and introduced his mathematical research results to international peers.In the same year, he was electedCentral Committee of the China Democratic Leaguevice president[6]。In June, he was approved to join the Communist Party of China.
In November 1982, he suffered from myocardial infarction for the second time.
In October 1983, at the invitation of California Institute of Technology, I went to the United States as a one-year lecture activity.During his stay in the United States, he went to Rialite, Italy, to attend the founding conference of the Third World Academy of Sciences and was elected as an academician.
In April 1984, he attended the ceremony where the American Academy of Sciences awarded him a foreign academician in Washington, becoming the first Chinese to win this honor[7]。
In April 1985, at the Third Session of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, he was elected Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference;On June 3, he visited Japan at the invitation of the Japan Asian Cultural Exchange Association.
At 4:00 p.m. on June 12, 1985, he gave a speech on the theme of "Theoretical Mathematics and Its Application" to the Japanese mathematical community in the lecture hall of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Tokyo University. He died at 10:9 p.m. that day due to a sudden acute myocardial infarction.
Key achievements
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Scientific research achievements
Overview of scientific research
Hua Luogengbest-known Chinese mathematician
Hua Luogeng has made outstanding achievements in solving the estimation problem of Gauss complete trigonometric sum, improving the Hualin and Tari problems, proving the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry, and studying the application of modern number theory methods[8]。
Hua Luogeng's research field in his early years was analytic number theory. His achievements in analytic number theory are particularly well known. The internationally renowned "Chinese analytic number theory school", which was founded by Hua Luogeng, has made many significant contributions to the distribution of prime numbers and Goldbach's conjecture.
Hua Luogeng is also the founder and pioneer of China's analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory and other studies[9]。
Hua Luogeng's research on function theory of multiple complex variables and typical groups has been ahead of the western mathematical circles for more than 10 years, and is internationally known as the "typical group Chinese school".
Hua Luogeng and Chen Jingrun
Hua Luogeng initiated the Chinese School of Mathematics and led it to reach the world level.
Hua Luogeng's mathematical scientific research achievements in the world named after Hua include "Fahrenheit theorem", "Wye Hua inequality", "Fahrenheit inequality", "Prouwer Katangawa theorem", "Fahrenheit operator", "Hua Wang method", etc[10][16]。
In the 1940s, Hua Luogeng solved the historical problem of estimating the Gaussian complete trigonometric sum and obtained the best error order estimate;For GH. Hardy and JE. Littlewood's results on the Warling problem and E. Wright's results on the Tarry problem have made significant improvements. Triangle and research results are known as the "Fahrenheit theorem" by the international mathematical community.
Hua Luogeng proved the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over by history in algebra;This paper gives a simple and direct proof of the result that the normal sub body of a body must be contained in its center, which is called the Jiadang Brauer Wah theorem.
Hua Luogeng and Professor Wang Yuan have made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, known as“Hua Wang method”[11]。
Academic treatise
Hua Luogeng left ten great works in his life, eight of which were translated and published abroad in China, and have been included in the classical works of mathematics in the 20th century.In addition, there are more than 150 academic papers and popular science works, such as Comments on the Optimum Selection Method and its Supplement, Comments on the Overall Planning Method and its Supplement, which are compiled as Selected Works of Hua Luogeng on Popular Science[12]。
Publication date
title
author
press
two thousand and nineteen point zero six
Mathematical Research on Creative Autonomy
Hua Luogeng, Li Wenlin
Dalian: Dalian University of Technology Press
two thousand and eighteen point one two
Dazai Mathematics for Use
Written by Hua Luogeng
Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press
two thousand and eighteen point one one
Go to Mathematics Series 3: Selected Discussion on Mathematical Models
Honorary Doctor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong
Honorary Doctor of the University of Illinois
Social posts
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time
Position
August 1951 June 1985
Chairman of the first, second and third sessions of the Chinese Mathematics Association;The fourth honorary chairman
September 1954
Member of the Standing Committee of the First to Sixth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China
April 1985 June 12, 1985
Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
Personal life
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Family background
Hua Luogeng's father, Hua Ruidong, opened a small grocery store. His mother was a virtuous housewife.Hua Laoxiang gave birth to a son at the age of 40 and named him Hua Luogeng.The "Luo" refers to the "Luo", which is also a symbol of "family has surplus food". It also means that in the alloy altar, the saying goes, "Sitting on the fence in the basket - determined";"Geng" is in harmony with "root", which means "one hundred years old with Geng", and also means "the Chinese family has roots from now on".
marriage and family
Wu Xiaoyuan's Family
Hua Luogeng's wife, Wu Xiaoyuan, married Hua Luogeng at the age of 18. Within a few months of marriage, Hua Luogeng contracted the plague. After careful care, he saved his life, but left his left leg permanently disabled.When Hua Luogeng was teaching at Tsinghua University, Wu Xiaoyuan stayed in his hometown to take care of his elderly and sickly father-in-law and shoulder the housework.In the days to come, she not only does housework, but also helps him copy papers and letters, and receives guests.For decades, Wu Xiaoyuan has played an important role in Hua Luogeng's life and career.
Hua Luogeng and Wu Xiaoyuan have three sons: Hua Jundong, Hua Ling and Hua Guang;Three daughters: Huashun, Huasu and Huami.
personal anecdote
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Funny stories of wonderful couplets
In 1953, the Chinese Academy of Sciences organized an overseas investigation team, headed by a scientist Qian Sanqiang. The team members included Hua Luogeng, Zhang Yuzhe, Zhao Jiuzhang, Zhu Xian and many others.In his spare time on the way, Hua Luogeng wrote a first couplet: "Three strong Han, Zhao and Wei," asking for the second couplet.The "three strong" here means that during the Warring States Period, Han, Zhao and Wei were the three warring states, but they also implied the name of the head of the delegation, Comrade Qian Sanqiang. This not only solves the traditional difficulties of digital couplets, but also requires embedding the name of another scientist in the lower couplets.After a while, Hua Luogeng saw that everyone had no second couplet, so he revealed his second couplet: "Nine Chapters, Gou, Xian." Nine Chapters is a famous mathematical work in ancient China.However, the "Nine Chapters" here happens to be the name of another member of the delegation, atmospheric physicist Zhao Jiuzhang.Hua Luogeng's wonderful match made the whole audience fall over.
In 1980, Hua Luogeng wrote the following couplets when guiding the overall planning method and the optimization method in Suzhou: watching chess without speaking is not a gentleman, helping each other;There is a man who repents and corrects mistakes.
Generalized double method
Hua Luogeng, while continuing to engage in mathematical theory research, tried to find a way to combine mathematics with industrial and agricultural practice.After a period of practice, he found that the overall planning method and optimization method in mathematics can be widely used in industrial and agricultural production, which can improve work efficiency and change the face of work management.Therefore, while giving lectures at the University of Science and Technology, he led students to promote the optimization method and the overall planning method in industrial and agricultural practice.
At the beginning of 1964, he wrote to Mao Zedong to express his determination to combine with workers and peasants.On March 18 of the same year, Mao Zedong wrote a letter in his own hand: "Poems and letters have been read. We are glad to have high aspirations." He wrote the "Plain Talk and Supplement of Overall Planning Method" and "Plain Talk and Supplement of Optimum Selection Method", and personally led the teachers and students of University of Science and Technology of China to promote and apply the "double method" in some enterprise factories to serve industrial and agricultural production."Go to Jianghan in summer to fight against the scorching heat, and go to Songliao in winter to fight against the ice and frost".This is the portrayal of his life at that time.In 1965, Mao Zedong wrote to him again, congratulating and encouraging him to "work hard and serve the people instead of individuals".
Character evaluation
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As a contemporary self-taught scientific giant and famous mathematician at home and abroad, Mr. Hua Luogeng has devoted his whole life to mathematical research and development, supported the backward and trained talents with the broad mind of scientists, and devoted himself to the popularization of science and applied mathematics with a high sense of historical responsibility. He has made contributions to the development of mathematical science and devoted his whole life to the modernization of the motherland.
Hua Luogeng's contribution to the development of mathematics in China is known as "the father of modern mathematics in China", "the god of mathematics in China", and "the mathematician of the people"[14]。
Hua Luogeng is an internationally renowned mathematical master. His name is listed with a few classical mathematicians in famous museums such as the Smithsonian Museum in the United States and the Chicago Science and Technology Museum, and he is listed as "one of the 88 great mathematical figures in the world today in the Chicago Science and Technology Museum".
Bateman, an American historian of mathematics, said: "Hua Luogeng is an Einstein of China, enough to become an academician of all famous scientific academies in the world".
Lauer Xiong Feierde said: "His research scope is so wide that he can be called one of the best mathematicians in the world. Maybe more people are directly affected by him than by any mathematician in history." "Hua Luogeng's existence is worth more than that of any great mathematician."[15]
Haberstein: "Hua Luogeng is one of the international leading mathematicians of his time."
Klada: "Hua Luogeng formed Chinese mathematics."
Lemaire said: "Hua Luogeng has the incredible ability to grasp the best work of others, and can accurately point out the methods that these results need and can be improved. He has his own skills, he has read extensively and mastered all the commanding heights of number theory in the 20th century, his main interest is to improve the whole field, and he tries to promote every result he meets."
Qiu Chengtong: "I started in Jiangnan and studied in Tsinghua University. I traveled all over the world from Hardy, visited Russian teachers, and traveled to the United States. I learned from each other through innovation and change. I piled up a number of elements, and became diversified. Elegant articles and colorful articles show off each other repeatedly. Every man can turn the tide around and become a member of the same family. Zhuo is out of the crowd. Who is he?"
Wu Yaozu: "Mr. Hua is talented, versatile and eager to learn. He has learned both at home and abroad. His history covers the past and the present, and his knowledge is profound. His works and contributions in his life show that in the wide range of mathematical fields he has experienced, he can go deep, that is, deep exploration, that is, simple and clear, that is, broad promotion, and that is, leisurely abstraction.".
Commemoration for future generations
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Hua Luogeng Memorial Hall
Hua Luogeng Memorial Hall[16]
On June 12, 1985, after Hua Luogeng died, the Jintan District Government of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province built a new exhibition hall with three exhibition halls and a total area of 615 square meters in Zhongshan ParkHua Luogeng Memorial Hall[17]。
Jiangsu Hualuogeng Middle School
In 1985, with the approval of the People's Government of Jiangsu Province, "Jintan County Middle School" was renamed“Hua Luogeng Middle School”[18]。
In 1986, in order to commemorate Professor Hua Luogeng, it was jointly sponsored by China Youth Daily (now China Children's News Publishing House), China Association for Optimal Method, Overall Planning Method and Economic Mathematics, CCTV Youth Center and other units"Hua Luogeng Gold Cup" Youth Mathematics InvitationalThis is a national large-scale youth mathematics contest[19]。
Hua Luogeng Mathematics Award
In 1991, it was donated by Hunan Education Press and co sponsored by China Mathematics Society“Hua Luogeng Mathematics Award”This award is to commemorate the great achievements of Mr. Hua Luogeng and encourage Chinese mathematicians to make outstanding contributions to the development of Chinese mathematics[20]。
General Meeting to Commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Hua Luogeng's Death
On June 12, 2010, the Institute of Mathematics and Systems Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences held the "Conference to Commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Hua Luogeng's Death", and dozens of guests from inside and outside the academy, more than 30 students and family members of Hua Luogeng, and many media were invited to participate in the event. The University of Science and Technology of China and Fuzhou Normal University participated in the event remotely through the online video conference system[21]。
Symposium to Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of Hua Luogeng's Birthday
On November 12, 2010Beijing Great Hall of the PeopleHeld a symposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Hua Luogeng, who was then a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the CPPCC National CommitteeJia QinglinAttend the symposium[22]。
On the morning of June 15, 2024, the inauguration ceremony of the statue of Mr. Hua Luogeng was held in front of the south gate of Yifu Building, the campus of Changzhou University Science and Education City.[27]
