synonymWarsaw PactWarsaw Pact generally refers to Warsaw Treaty Organization
Warsaw Treaty Organization(also known asWarsaw Pact , AbbreviationWarsaw Pact OrganizationorWarsaw Pact, English: Warsaw Pact or Warsaw Treatment Organization;Russian:Организация Варшавского Договора）It's for confrontationNorth Atlantic Treaty OrganizationAnd the political military alliance established.
1955Federal GermanyThat is, after West Germany joined NATO, Europesocialist campCountry (includingGerman Democratic RepublicEast Germany) signed《Warsaw Treaty》[1]The full name is the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the People's Republic of Albania, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, the People's Republic of Hungary, the German Democratic Republic, the People's Republic of Poland, the People's Republic of Romania, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Czechoslovak Republic (also known as the Soviet East Treaty).The treaty was signed by the leaders of the former Soviet UnionNikita Sergeyevich KhrushchevDrafted in the Polish capital on May 14, 1955WarsawSignature, Eastern EuropeSocialist countryexceptYugoslaviaAll of them joined the Warsaw Pact;In Asia, exceptThe People's Republic of ChinaandDemocratic People's Republic of KoreaIn addition, other socialist countries are observer countries of the Warsaw Pact Organization.
On October 23, 1954, the United States, Britain, France and other western countries signed the《Paris Agreement》, absorptionWest GermanyenterWestern European UnionandNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization。The Soviet government once sent a note to 23 European countries and the United States government asking them not to ratify the Paris Agreement, and proposed to convene a European collective security conference to discuss "preventing Germany fromMilitarismAnd conclude《European Collective Security Treaty》, but was rejected by western countries.From November 29 to December 2 of the same year,Soviet UnionWith GDRpoland、Czechoslovakia、Hungary、Romania、Bulgaria、AlbaniastayMoscowThe Conference of European Countries on Safeguarding European Peace and Security was held. The Conference adopted a declaration stating that if the Western countries ratify the Paris Agreement, the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries will take joint measures in organizing armed forces and the Joint Command.[1]
The term of validity of the treaty is twenty years (it can be extended for ten years upon expiration).The treaty was signed by Soviet leadersKhrushchevdraft.On June 4 of the same year, according to Article 6 of the Warsaw Treaty, the Warsaw Treaty Organization, a military and political alliance, was officially established.Warsaw Treaty Organization headquartered inMoscow，Russian、German、Polish、CzechIt is an official language.
The Warsaw Treaty Organization has the following organizations:
Political Consultative Committee
The Political Consultative Committee, the highest decision-making body of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, is responsible for consulting and deciding on the major issues of national defense, politics, foreign affairs and economy of the contracting parties. It is composed of the first secretary of the party of the contracting parties, the prime minister, the minister of national defense and the minister of foreign affairs, and holds meetings in the capitals of the contracting parties in turn.It has a joint secretariat of the Standing Committee of Subsidiary Agencies and the Executive Agency.The Standing Committee has added a Secretary General since January 1989, and the Joint Secretariat of the Executive Agency has its Equipment Committee and Logistics Committee.
The Warsaw Pact held a conference in 1955
Committee of Foreign Ministers
The Committee of Foreign Ministers was established in October 1976 to consult and coordinate the foreign policies of the States parties, draft documents for the Political Consultative Committee, formulate specific recommendations for the implementation of its resolutions, and review other matters entrusted by the Political Consultative Committee.
Committee of Ministers of Defense
The Council of Ministers of National Defense, the highest military body of the Warsaw Pact Organization, was established in March 1969. Its main task is to study the common military policy and the training, exercises, organization building and other issues of the joint armed forces. It is composed of the ministers of national defense of the contracting countries, the commander in chief and the chief of staff of the Warsaw Pact joint armed forces, and is chaired by the minister of national defense of the Soviet Union.
Combined Forces Command
The Joint Armed Forces Command is the military command organization of the Warsaw Pact Organization, responsible for the leadership, training, equipment and mobilization of the Warsaw Pact armed forces.It is composed of the commander in chief of the joint armed forces, several deputy commanders in charge of air defense, air force, navy and technology and equipment, deputy commanders in chief appointed by the countries sent by the armed forces and the chief of staff.The Commander in Chief of the Joint Armed Forces has always been the Soviet Marshal.The General Command of the Joint Armed Forces consists of a military committee, a technical committee and a general staff.All important leadership positions of the Warsaw Pact were held by Soviet generals.At the same time, the Soviet Union also sent military personnel to the military leading organs and forces of the contracting parties in the name of "representatives", "observers" and "consultants" of the Warsaw Pact Joint Command.
Major forces
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The Soviet Union, through the Warsaw Treaty Organization, has successively established two forces:
Joint Armed Forces
The Joint Armed Forces shall be composed of a part of the forces allocated by the States Parties. The Joint Armed Forces Command shall make the final decision on the joint operations, mutual support and exchange of experience of these forces.In peacetime, these forces are under the leadership of the ministers or deputy ministers of national defense (as the deputy commander in chief of the Joint Command), and in case of war, they are under the command of the Joint Armed Forces Command.
Integrated forces
Since the 1970s, in addition to the joint armed forces, the Soviet army and a part of the military forces of Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Democratic Germany have formed an "integrated force" consisting of navy and air force, under the command of the Joint Armed Forces Command.
According to the data released in January 1989, the total force of the Warsaw Pact stationed in Europe was 3.573 million, including 30.2 million command personnel, 1.8235 million army and affiliated air forces, 55005 air defense forces, 425100 air forces, and 338000 navy personnel.The number of reconnaissance liaison and military academy personnel is 245400, the number of guard forces is 146300, and the number of civil defense forces is 34100.
Stamps on the Warsaw Pact issued by the Soviet Union in 1975
Warsaw TreatyIt stipulates that the purposes of Warsaw Treaty Organization are:"If any country or group of countries attacks one or more States Parties in Europe, each State Party shall, in accordance with Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, exercise the right of individual or collective self-defence, individually or through agreements with other States Parties, and in all ways it deems necessary, including the use of armed forces, to immediately target a country or several States Parties to such attacksFour countries gave assistance ".
Historical ending
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North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationThe establishment of two major international organizations, the Warsaw Treaty Organization, marked the formal beginning of military confrontation between the two sides in the form of the Cold War.
In August 1968,CzechoslovakiaHappened“Prague Spring”The large-scale armed invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact armed forces under the leadership of the Soviet Union led to widespread protests.andSoviet UnionAndAlbaniaOn September 13, 1968, Albania announced its withdrawal from the Warsaw Treaty Organization.
On October 3, 1990, after the merger of the two Germans, GDR withdrew from the Warsaw Treaty Organization.
On February 25, 1991BudapestThe extraordinary meeting of the Warsaw Pact Political Consultative Committee decided to terminate the effectiveness of the military agreements signed within the scope of the Warsaw Pact from April 1, 1991, and abolish the military institutions of the Warsaw Pact.On July 1 of the same year, the parties to the Warsaw TreatyBraggA meeting was held to announce the formal dissolution of the Warsaw Treaty Organization.
Warsaw Treaty Organization's Armed Invasion of Czechoslovakia
