synonymPrincipality of Warsaw(Principality of Warsaw) generally refers to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw (Polish: Ksi ę stwo Warszawski;French：Duché de Varsovie；German：Herzogtum Warschau；Russian: Варш авскоегерфогство) was one that Napoleon had plantedPolackThe country existed from 1807 to 1815.Warsaw is the capital, and GEPolish, generally believing in Roman Catholicism.
French RevolutionDuring the period, Napoleon established the "Grand Duchy of Warsaw", and the Poles were liberated.
The Grand Duchy of Warsaw is the only country in the world that has written Napoleon into its national anthem.Although compared withPolish-Lithuanian commonwealth This new country is much smaller - its territory only includes the territory that Prussia originally divided up (in 1809, it addedAustriaBut its birth gave the Poles hope.
In 1807, Prussia was defeated in the battle of Jena, and the land was occupied by the French army,FranceFor weakeningPrussiaAnd containmentRussiaAnd forced Prussia to give up what it had previously sharedpolandTerritory, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw was established.Since more than half of Poland's territory is still occupied by Russia and Austria, it has not been fully restored and cannot be called“Kingdom of Poland“。[1]
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In 1807, Prussia was defeated in the Battle of Jena, and its territory was occupied by French forces. In order to weaken Prussia and contain Russia, France signed agreements with Russia and Prussia on July 7 and July 9, respectively《Treaty of Tilsit 》。Forcing Prussia to relinquish the previously divided Polish territory（PoznanandWarsaw）, established the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and handed over the former Polish occupied territory of Austria, Garlicia, to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.Since more than half of Poland's territory is still occupied by Russia and Austria, it has not been fully restored and cannot be called the "Kingdom of Poland".The Grand Duchy of Warsaw covers an area of 104000 square kilometers and has 2.6 million residents.
On July 22, 1807, NapoleonDresdenSigned the Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.The Constitution stipulates that SaxonyWettin Dynasty It is the hereditary dynasty of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.The Grand Duchy of Warsaw is also the Grand Duchy of Saxony King FriederykAugust I (Polish: FryderykAugust I), Napoleon's vassal. The government is led by Marshal Poniatowski, and the army is led by Napoleon's beloved generalDawuCommander in Chief.Napoleon crossed over the nominal head of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, King Saxony, "and let go of the work of organizing the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, just as NapoleonKingdom of ItalyLike the Kingdom of Westphalia ".Napoleon will help consolidate the ruling position of the bourgeoisie《Napoleonic Code》, The Agreement on Politics and Religion and other imperial systems were copied to the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and Poles were liberated.
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In 1809, Austria and Prussia formedThe Fifth Anti French Alliance。along withBattle of Wagram The failure of the Austrian army, the signing of the Austrian lawShenbulun Peace TreatyAustria ceded New Galicia, Zamocic and Krakow to the Principality of Warsaw.The Grand Duchy of Warsaw covers an area of 151000 square kilometers and has a population of 4.33 million.
In 1812, 100000 Polish troops followed Napoleon to invade Russia, making it the country that sent out the most troops except France.In Napoleon's view, exceptFrench Army, onlyPolish ArmyThe most reliable, because Poland is fighting for the survival of its own nation.Napoleon even called the invasion of Russia the "Second Polish War".
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The Grand Duchy of Warsaw was founded with the support of Napoleon. With the failure of Napoleon's foreign war, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw lost the external guarantee for its continued existence.The government of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw is led by Marshal Poniatowski, and the army is commanded by Napoleon's general Dawu.Naturally, after the fall of Napoleon, the country was also destroyed, and the territory was once again divided by the three Russian Opus countries[2]。
On May 22, 1815, Friedrich Auguste I officially gave up the title of Grand Duke of Warsaw.The Grand Duchy of Warsaw was once again divided into Poznan and Pythagorch provinces in the west of the Principality, which were merged into the Grand Duchy of Posen, plusGdanskandTolenIncorporation into Prussia;Austria obtained the Tarnopol and Vilikika salt mining areas;Krakow and its surrounding areas becameKrakow Free City, jointly protected by Russia, Russia, Puo'o and Austria;Most of the remaining land of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw established the Kingdom of Poland, and the king wasRussian tsarpart-time[3]。
