It has the advantage of no sliding parts, and is used in some occasions where the space is limited, the reliability is high, and there is no refrigerant pollution.The working operation of semiconductor cooler uses DC current, which can both cool and heat. By changing the polarity of DC current, it is decided to realize cooling or heating on the same cooler. This effect is generated by the principle of thermoelectricity.
working principle
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Semiconductor cooler is made of Peltier effect of semiconductor materials.The so-called Peltier effect refers to the phenomenon that when the DC current passes through the electric couple composed of two semiconductor materials, one end absorbs heat and the other end releases heat.
The heavily doped N-type and P-type bismuth telluride is mainly used as the semiconductor material of TEC. The bismuth telluride elements are electrically connected in series and generate heat in parallel.TEC includes some P-type and N-type pairs (groups), which are connected together through electrodes and sandwiched between two ceramic electrodes;
The ceramic electrode on each side of the TEC module is used to prevent the short circuit of the laser tube core caused by the TEC circuit;
The control temperature of TEC can reach 30 ℃ - 40 ℃. When there is current flowing through TEC, the heat generated by the current will be transferred from one side of TEC to the other, and the "hot" side and "cold" side will be generated on TEC, which is the heating and cooling principle of TEC.Cooling or heating, as well as the cooling and heating rate, depends on the direction and size of the current passing through it.
In practical applications, TEC is usually installed between the heat sink and the component housing.Its cold side is in contact with the laser core to cool, and its hot side is in contact with the heat sink to dissipate the heat outside, which is also the most common case.In places where the stability of the working temperature of the laser is highly required, two-way temperature control is generally adopted, that is, the laser is cooled at room temperature and high temperature, and heated at low temperature;
When the current direction of the semiconductor cooler is reversed, the original positions of the cold end and the hot end are exchanged;The one close to the laser core becomes the hot end, which heats the laser core.
Application advantages
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1. It does not need any refrigerant, and can work continuously. There is no pollution source, no rotating parts, and no rotary effect. No sliding parts are solid devices, which have no vibration, noise, long service life, and easy installation.
2. The semiconductor cooler has two functions, which can both cool and heat. The cooling efficiency is generally not high, but the heating efficiency is very high, always greater than 1.Therefore, using one device can replace the separate heating system and refrigeration system.
3. Semiconductor cooler is a current converter device. Through the control of input current, high-precision temperature control can be achieved. With temperature detection and control means, it is easy to realize remote control, program control and computer control, which is composed ofautomatic control system。
4. The thermal inertia of the semiconductor cooler is very small, and the cooling and heating time is very fast. When the hot end has good heat dissipation and the cold end has no load, the cooler can reach the maximum temperature difference within one minute of power on.
5. The reverse use of semiconductor cooler is thermoelectric power generation, and semiconductor cooler is generally suitable for power generation in the middle and low temperature areas.
6. The power of a single cooling element pair of semiconductor cooler is very small, but it can be combined into a stack. If the same type of stack is used in series and in parallel to form a cooling system, the power can be very large, so the cooling power can reach a range of several milliwatts to tens of thousands of watts.
7. The temperature difference range of semiconductor cooler can be realized from positive temperature 90 ℃ to negative temperature 130 ℃.
