synonymMedical system(A marginal science integrating medicine, information, management, computer and other disciplines) Generally refers to hospital information system (management system)
Hospital information system refers to the utilization ofcomputerModern means such as software and hardware technology and network communication technology are used to comprehensively manage the flow of people, logistics and property of the hospital and its subordinate departments, collect, store, process, extract, transmit and summarize the data generated in various stages of medical activities, and process to form various information,So as to provide a comprehensive automatic management and information system of various services for the overall operation of the hospital.[1]
Chinese name
hospital information system
Foreign name
Hospital Information System
Composition
Hardware system and software system
Features
Collect and permanently store all data required by the hospital
From the perspective of function and system subdivision, hospital information system can generally be divided into three parts: first, it meets the management requirementsmanagement information systems；The second is to meet the medical requirementsMedical information system；The third is to meet the above two requirementsInformation service systemEach subsystem can be divided into several subsystems.In addition, many hospitals also undertake clinical teaching, scientific research, social health caremedical insuranceTherefore, corresponding information systems should also be set up in the hospital information system.[2]
function
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The hospital information system should have the followingbasic function ：
(1) Collect and permanently store all data required by the hospital.
(2) Because hospital information, especially patient information, is dynamicdata structureWith the rapid increase of data, the hospital information system should have a large capacity storage function.
(4) It is necessary to quickly and accurately provide various data needed by the hospital at any time to support various aspects of the hospital operationBasic activities。
(7) In order to ensure the uninterrupted operation of medical activities and hospital actions, the system should have the function of continuous operation.
(8) Have effective safety and maintenance measures to ensure the safety of the system.
(9) With supportsystem developmentAnd necessary software and database for research work.
(10) Good user environment,end userThe application and operation of shall be simple, convenient, easy to learn and understand.
Modern hospitals are large in scale, complex in relationshipmanagement information Highly shared andresponse timeHigh requirements, thereforecomputer networkBased hospital information system has the following characteristics:
③ Support the information collection and analysis of management departments: hospital departments shoulder heavy management tasks. With the increasingly scientific management of departments, they will rely more and more on the basic data they collect from the grass-roots level for summary, statistics and analysis, which is used to evaluate the work of the grass-roots departments and individuals they manage, make plans accordingly, and supervise the implementation,Generate reports and make decisions.The computerized information system should support thedata collection, comprehensive, summaryanalysis reportWork with storage.
④ Complexity and standardization of medical information: patient information is based on multipledata typeExpressions include not only words and data, but also graphs, charts, images, etc;It handlesdata objectExistingStructured data, semi-structured orUnstructured data；Even some data and structures will be subject to more manual intervention andsocial factors Impact.Resolve medical informationComplex problemsThe key is to realize medical treatmentInformation standardization。
⑤ Information security andConfidentiality: Patient medical record is a kind of possessionlegal effectFile, which is not only available inMedical disputesIn cases, and in many otherslegal proceedingsBoth of them will play an important role and often involve patients' privacy.There are strict confidentiality requirements for personnel, financial and even patient medical information.
⑥ Vitality of hospital information system: hospital information system is the reflection of the actual business operation and management of the hospital and the reform scheme in the information system. When the hospital information system is completed, it will play a role in promoting the operation, management and reform of the hospital;At the same time, however, the shortcomings and deficiencies of the information system will emerge in the new actual environment and the new collaborative needs of various departments;The information system is facing new contradictions and needs to be improved.The dependence of hospital information system on the actual hospital system is the concrete embodiment of the life of hospital information system.Only when the hospital business develops to a relatively saturated and stable stage, the stable period of the hospital information system will appear.[1]
significance
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Hospital information system is composed of computer technology, communication technology andmanagement scienceThe application of computer technology in hospital information managementhospital management 、clinical medicineHospital information management is the product of long-term influence, penetration and integration.Hospital information system in hospitalInformation managementThe application meaning of is as follows:
1. Optimization of medical treatment process
Optimize the patient's medical treatment process asPatient centeredAnd fully apply various mature technologies, such asMagnetic card、bar code, Internet andSMSFocus on solving problems such as outpatient service“Three longOne short "and so on.
2. Optimization of medical quality
make the best ofsystem information And integration, so that doctors can timely and comprehensively understand various diagnosis and treatment information of patients, and lay a good foundation for rapid and accurate diagnosis;And through various aidsDiagnosis and treatment systemTo improve the accuracy of inspection resultstimeliness 。At the same time, it can also minimize all possible errors of medical personnel and achieve the optimization of medical quality.
By building strong management and diagnosis and treatmentdata warehouse Such systems make hospital management and diagnosis and treatment decision-making completely based on science, and constantly improve the level of management and diagnosis and treatment decision-making.
6. Office automation
Take office automation as an important part of hospital digital construction.Focus onOfficial document circulationThe automation of office work and daily work management has basically realized paperless official documents in the hospital and rapid mail delivery.
Make full use of the reasonable needs of patientsnetwork resourceTo improve medical quality and reducemedical expenseAnd rational utilizationMedical resources。Regional medical treatmentinformation networkAs an advanced stage of hospital digital construction and development, research and construction are carried out.
8. Software realization standardization
Information standardizationIt is the foundation and premise of information integration, and the standardization of software construction is an important guarantee for the hospital to connect with the domestic and international standards.Including adopting international or national unifiedinformation switchingandInterface standardAnd interface code, if usedHL7、DICOM3.0 and other medical information exchange and interface standards, various codes such as disease, drug, diagnosis and treatment codes, adopt international or national unified standard codes, and the internal patient ID number of the hospital should also use unified codes as far as possible, such asID card No.Etc.[2]
① Prepare projectprospectus。The project plan is the hospital information systemImplementation processThe first and most important file in.It outlines the general outline of the hospital information system to be built by the hospital.Usually a consulting company is entrusted to complete a project planbiding documentThe content of the bidding document is the motivation and comprehensive, specific and detailed requirements for the hospital to prepare to build the hospital information system.Then the bidding documents will be sent to the manufacturers participating in the bidding. After receiving the plans from the manufacturers, they will carefully evaluate and decide on the finalImplementation plan。
② The selection of software and hardware integrators, suppliers and partners is usually entrusted to qualified consulting companies or special expert groupsProgramme evaluation。
③ Demand analysis.First, through theTarget hospitalUsers' visit and investigation, to understand users' processes and requirements in detail, and finally form documents: Project Structure document, Target Scope Specification document, User Requirements Specification document, preliminary User Interface Specification document, Test Strategy document, Test Specification and Pass Criteria document.
④ System design and software customization.design phase Work to be done: a. Turn user requirements into technically achievable steps;b. Perfectuser interfaceDemonstrate the program, so that users can fully accept the interface form of the system;c. Prepare Customer Communication Plan, collect and controluser demand ；d. Complete the signing and freezing of the Functional Specification;e. Preliminary completion《Test specifications》Documentation;frisk assessment 。Documents to be completed: User Interface Manual《conceptual design》、《logic design 》、《physical design 》, Functional Specification, Test Plan and Schedule, Test Specification documents and most of the《test case》Documents, Project Schedule.
⑤ Data preparation and loading.Data preparation means that the hospital'sBasic dataUnify, standardize and format the expression according to the requirements of the system, and record it into the systemBasic database。These are the basis for the normal operation of the system.
⑥ System test.In the systemTest phaseWork to be done: a. code error modification;b. Conduct ALPHA test, BETA test and RELEASE test;c. Continue to maintain close contact with customers/users and control theirexpected value；d. Preparationonline helpAnd user manual;e. Conduct user training andProject acceptance；f. Risk assessment.Documents to be completed: User Operation Manual, Implementation and Maintenance Manual《Test report》Acceptance Report and Online Help.The review will be carried out after the stage reaches the standard.
⑦ User training.The supplier should have a pre arranged plan, special teachers and teaching materials, and a well-equipped training classroom and environment.The training for users can be applied to hospitalscomputer technologyPersonnel training and trainingend userTraining.[1]
In the hospital information system, the hospital administrative management subsystem involves the administrative management of various departments in the hospital, mainly including personnelmanagement system、Financial management systemLogistics management system, drug warehouse management system, medical treatmentEquipment management systemOutpatient, surgery and hospitalizationbooking system , patient hospitalization management system, etc.
The medical management system is mainly the information processing of the medical business involved by the hospital, mainly including the outpatient and emergency management systems,medical recordManagement system, medical statisticsquery system ，Blood BankManagement system, etc.
Effectively improve the security of hospital information systemManagement effectThe targeted measures include:[4]
one
Strengthen the construction of hospital safety management system and constantly improve relevant rules and regulations[4]
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Strengthen the professional training and security training for hospital information system users[4]
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Establish system safety monitoring system and emergency plan[4]
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Increase the investment in updating hospital information system equipment and software, and speed up the update frequency[4]
Development trend
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Our government has always attached great importance toMedical reform, along with the national levelMedical security systemThe establishment and reform of the hospital has put forward higher requirements for all kinds of hospitals at all levels, and the management of hospitals should be more high-level and large-scale;Social informatizationDevelopment ofDevelopment of information technologyWith the application, the hospital information system ushers in a good opportunity for development. The general trend is as follows.
1. Standardization
Standardization means that the information system adopts the same technical basis of standards, such as adopting unified computer network technology, adopting unified database, etc.Due to the adoption ofStandardized design, different hospital information systems canData exchange。
2. Standardization
Standardization refers to the process of standardizing hospital business processing and data processing in the information system.Standardization of hospital information system can optimize information access, accelerate information circulation and exchange, and improve the ability of information processing.
3. More integrated
With the increase of hospital business and the classification of specialties, the information system needs to be adjusted and changed accordingly, and the degree of system subdivision will be higher and higher. The system needs to integrate more processing businesses and processes.
Hospital information system actually uses computer technologynetwork techniqueAnd other scientific and technological technologiesManagement IntegrationDigitalmanagement styleTo provide a digital platform for decision-making and processing for hospital management.It can be more convenient to use the information systemdata retrieval、data mining It can better classify and comprehensively process all kinds of hospital information.
