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Introduction to Medicine, a complete book of Chinese medicine.8 volumes, 1 volume at the beginning.brightLi Jun(Jianzhai).Published in the third year of Wanli (1575).This book uses《Medical Economics Primary School》It is a blueprint.Use the form of song fu as the main body, supplemented with annotations.The contents include a brief introduction to medicine, a brief biography of doctors, meridians, zang fu organsDiagnostic methodAcupuncture, herbal medicine, exogenous diseases, internal injuries, internal medicineMiscellaneous diseases, women's disease, children's diseaseSurgeryDisease, medication and first-aid prescription of each department.Among them, "Surnames of famous doctors of all dynasties" recorded 215 former famous doctors.Emphasis on diagnosisPulse examinationAndInspection, and emphasize thatInquireimportance.It is suggested that beginners should learn to inquire first, and 55 items should be inquired are listed.Two volumes of this herbal medicine, according to the cold, cool, warm and effective nature of the medicine, divide 900 remaining medicines intoWind controlIt can cure heat, dampness, dryness, cold, sore and food. It has clear classification of drug taste and is simple and practical.In addition to quoting various theories, the book also contains its own opinions.
The whole book has 8 volumes, including 1 volume for the first volume and 7 volumes for the main body.The first part of the volume contains collected examples, congenital pictures, corresponding theories and pictures of heaven and earth, figures and climates, pictures of Mingtang prostrating the zang fu organs, explanationsPast medical surnames, the original orthodoxy, Yin Zhi, maintenance, luck, etc.Volume I describes the meridians, visceraDiagnostic method, acupuncture and moxibustion, etc;Volume II describes the general introduction and each theory of this herb;Volume III Expounding External Feelings and Internal InjuriesPathogenesis, for Liu HejianZhang ZhongjingTyphoid feverandLi DongyuanThe theory of internal injury is briefly analyzed;Volume IV IntroductionZhu DanxiMiscellaneous diseasesSyndrome and treatment;Volume V Introduction to Women, ChildrenSurgeryDisease treatment;Volume VI is a song on medication for miscellaneous diseases in internal medicine;Volume 7: Ode to Women and Children in Surgery, Miscellaneous WomenPediatric surgeryGeneral prescriptions, general ancient prescriptions, first-aid prescriptionsA strange disease, treatment and medical practice specifications.The book has extensive content, detailed classification, and important materials, which has important reference value. Its main academic contents include:
1. Integrating the achievements of medicine before the Ming Dynasty
In order to facilitate beginners' memorization, the main text of Li's book is written in the form of song fu, which is explained by notes. Both the song fu and notes are written according to the content of previous works, which not only conforms to the purpose of the classics, collects the theories of various dynasties, but also clarifies their own opinions.For example, Volume II, "The Summary of Materia Medica", says: "The sky has yin and yang, six qi, warm, cool, cold and hot four seasons; the earth has yin and yang, five flavors, bitter, bitter, sweet and salty. The pungent acid dissipates and the weak acid seeps, salty, soft, bitter, and sweet slowly subside; the sour and bitter gush and release the yin, which is the flavor, and the sweet and sweet release of qi and yang is light. The light and clear become as close to the top, and the next is heavy and turbidNegative forming。Clear hair with striae and thick yang flavorextremely；Those who are clear and turbid will strengthen their limbs,Yin in YangThin air.The turbid goes through the five internal organs, and the yin in yin is the thick taste;The turbid and clear belong to the six fu organs, and the yang in the yin is thin. "It is precisely because the book is catchy, easy to remember and recite, and the annotations are detailed and comprehensive, easy to read and understand, so it has become an important medical pathway book, which is valued and welcomed by doctors at home and abroad.
3. Classified introduction of medical characters
Li believed that learning medicine must understand ancient physicians, so he prepared to use the Biography of Medical History《External transmission》And the book "The Original Doctor's Praise", which classified 215 famous doctors before the Ming Dynasty.Among them, 13 ancient sages,Confucian doctor41, 98 famous doctors, 26 world doctors, 18 German doctors, and 19 immortal Zen Taoist.More or less, their theories can show people to follow the standard and guide beginners to follow them.As in“Zhu Zhenheng”As the saying goes, "Yan Xiu, the scholar respected Mr. Danxi, and Wu Zhi at the end of the Yuan DynastyYiwuPeople.He was eager to learn since he was young, and kept a thousand words in his diary. Later, he learned that Xu Wenyi learned from Zhu Zisi and preachedBahua Mountain, go back to worship.Benefiting from the theory of moral life, which is grand, profound, and dense, it is specialized.One day, Duke Wen Yi said, "I have been ill for a long time. I can't afford to be a doctor unless I am skilled in medicine. I am very clever. Will I travel to medicine?"?The male is sick of the spleen because of his mother. He also gets used to it in medicine, and hears about the maleWordsThat is to say, a scholar who excels in one skill to promote the benevolence of transitivity is still an official even though he is not in office at the time.Instead, we should abandon our career and devote ourselves to medicine.There are Danxi Mental Skill, Daily Use Compilation Essentials《Ge zhi yu theory》、《CAAC gives full play to》, Identification of Typhoid《Addendum to the Derivation of Materia Medica》, Surgical Essentials and other books have been handed down.There are six theories about viscera gasificationDamp heatThe three qi of Xianghuo cause most diseases, including yin deficiency and fire movementDeficiency of Yin and YangThose who are hot and humid are also used as news.It is said that Li Dongyuan said that if he felt tired after eating, he would hurt the spleen and stomach internally, then the yang in the stomach could not be raised, and the qi in the heart and lungs would sink intoMidfocus, while usingBuzhong Yiqi DecoctionThis is also something that has never been done before.However, the weather is not enough in the northwest and the land is not enough in the southeast.Heaven is the sun;Earth is yin.People in the northwest tend to lower their yang qi, while those in the southeast tend to raise their yin fire. If we don't know this, we will follow the law, and those who lower their qi will be cured, and those who rise will also use it. I'm afraid that it will increase their disease.It is based on the theories of Zhang, Liu, and Li, to eliminate their shortcomings, and to refer to them《Internal meridian》And he wrote Xianghuo Lun... "Again“Wang Lun”As the saying goes, "The word Ru Yan, the name Jie Zhai, ZhejiangCixiPeople.During the reign of Hongzhi, the official went to Guangdong Buzheng and became an expert doctor due to his father's illness《Miscellaneous works of famous doctors》It was not sent by Danxi, and later generations respected itAgain《Essentials of Materia Medica Collection》And do everything in the world. "The discussion is proper in complexity and simplicity, and has many roots.
4. Classify and collect important herbs
Li attaches great importance to the medicinal properties of this herb and believes that "it is difficult for people to know how to use medicine, but it is especially difficult for people not to know the authenticity of medicine《Plain question》It is difficult to read, but it is especially difficult to read without knowing the herbal medicine.Only those who have received something over the years can know the nature of medicine, and those who know the nature of medicine can know the pathogenesis, so this herb is the ancestor of medicine. "Based on this, Li collected the herbal medicines of doctors of all ages and compromised with Li Dongyuan, Zhu DanxiVedalla Wang Lunzhi's theory, "the general law is like the first, divided into five grades", and 754 kinds of drugs are divided intoWind control7 treatments for heat, dampness, dryness, cold, sore and foodSongkuoIt should be adapted to make it more in line with clinical practice.For example, the "astragalus" passage says: "astragalus is sweet, warm and non-toxic, which is beneficial to triple energizermutton, NatoCarbuncle gangreneOutsideAstringe sweat, promoting fluid production and reducing fever. "Its functions of tonifying qi, strengthening the surface, supporting sore and relieving fever are all covered in the song.There are many kinds of other drugs, which can be said to have carried outPrimary systemSummary of.
5. Compile and explain the theory of Danxi in Zhongjing Dongyuan, Hejian
Li greatly appreciated Liu Hejian's theory of warm summer, Zhang Zhongjing's theory of typhoid fever, Li Dongyuan's theory of internal injury and Zhu Danxi's theory of miscellaneous diseases, and pointed out that "Han DynastyChangsha TaishouZhang Zhongjing is a doctor who tries to understand the origin, explore the secret of Yi Yin, take the system of odd and even size, and determine the method of monarchs, officials, and envoys. The truth and falseness on the surface are the secrets that have not been passed on for thousands of years. They are the assets of great sages and sages, and have the merit of inheriting the past and opening up the futureFortunately, Liu Zi's two books, Zhiyao Lun and Yuanbing Shi, were written by Shouzhen, and the theory of Neijing is as clear as the sun and the moon;After the two books Zhige and Xuanming Lun were written, the method of Changsha was about as important as that of the central committeeIf the old man in Dongyuan knows the principle of Su Wen and the method of Zong Zhongjing《To help people grow and extract essence》The Ten Books have been handed down from generation to generationWeigh rules, Drug bodyLifting floatIt is an example of kingcraft and overbearing.As for the Zhu family in Danxi, typhoid, internal injury and miscellaneous diseases are all studied intensively,Phlegmatic fireThe profound righteousness is unique. Song Taishi Lian said that it is a combination of great achievements of doctors. It is true. "Therefore, their contents are respectively summarized and explained.Especially for Zhang Zhongjing《Typhoid theory》, from the six meridiansTyphoid fever, typhoid fever, initial typhoid fever syndrome, miscellaneous typhoid fever syndrome, yang transfer to yin, critical death syndrome, women's typhoid fever, typhoid medication, sweat vomit, infiltration, and warming tonics were described in detail.yesLiu WansuIn addition to a brief introduction of Liu's views on "Plain Questions"19 PathogenesisIn addition to the elucidation of, it also introduces the application of 18 drugs, including light, moderate, mild, mild, clear, summer heat, dampness, relieving, peace, fire, seizing, cold, vomiting, tonifying, sweet, warm, astringent, and points out that "18 drugs, 24 prescriptions, and 44 herbs have been used to regulate and treat the initial syndrome, miscellaneous syndrome, residual syndrome, and miscellaneous diseases, phlegm fire, damp heat, which are wonderful, and both men and women are the same." To Li Dongyuan's internal injury,In addition to introducing Li'sDifferentiation of internal and external injuriesIn addition, it focuses on his theory of transmission of deficiency and excess of the spleen and stomach, and the general prescriptions for internal injury, hunger, satiety, fatigue, such as Buzhong Yiqi DecoctionQingshu Yiqi DecoctionEtc.Li also highly appreciated Zhu Danxi's miscellaneous diseases. He first listed the outline of miscellaneous diseases to regulate the spleen and stomach, qi, blood, phlegm, depressionAccumulated heat, deficiency, deep cold and chronic cold, etc., and then discuss in detail about 80 kinds of diseases and syndromes caused by external and internal injuries, such as "cold·cough”Cloud: "Cough must be divided into phlegm and sound, both of which have the lung and spleen meridians; the sound of phlegm is thick and heavy in the case of excess, and the sound of phlegm is clear in the case of deficiency.external causeFour QiAt any time, internal injury, fire, fatigue and food;Phlegmatic coughsensation of fullness in the chestWatery coughPalpitation, blood stasisInflationAnd fishy;The treatment is divided into new ones, seeking its root for a long time, and even calming the spleen and kidney after a long time. "He pointed out: "For a new cough, if there is phlegm, the external infection will be dismissed at any time; if there is no phlegm, it is hot, and it is only appropriate to clear it.".Chronic cough, those with phlegm, dry spleenreduce phlegm；No sputum,QingjinReduce fire.If the external sensation lasts for a long time, the heat will be depressed; if the internal injury lasts for a long time, the fire will burn. It is advisable to open the depression and moisten the dryness.There are seven emotionsGas inversionFor those, the first is the citrus aurantium and the fragrance;For those who have stopped drinking, the south starBetel nutguide separatelyFor……。”Another said: "A long cough has benefited people's health, fatigue, hunger and satietyStomach coldThose who eat less will only manage the spleen and stop coughing.However, the kidney is qi and dirty, and coughing will lead to hundreds of skeletons. Those who consciously run from the navel to the top areKidney astheniaQi does not return to the original. It should be added to the medicinePsoralea corylifolia, Schisandra chinensis, orSan Wei An Shen Wan。Yin deficiency,Shenqi Pill；Yang deficiencyPerson,Heixidan"Real open“Kidney does not accept qi”TheoreticalBeginning。
6. Pay attention to surgical diseases of women and children
Li attaches great importance to women, children and surgical diseases and syndromes, and believes that they are an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, so he collected relevant works of previous dynasties, such as women'sChen Ziming《A good woman's prescription》Mainly for children, Yang Renzhai's "Direct to Children's Prescription" is mainly for children, and surgeryXue Ji《Surgical essentials》It is mainly composed by consulting various schools of thought, combining their own ideas, compiling songs and interpreting micro meanings.In the "Women's Sect", the main focus is on menstruationMetrorrhagia、Belt downThe symptoms of the abdomen and various diseases before, during and after pregnancy were discussed, such as "metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia": "metrorrhagia and metrorrhagia have deficiencyWith heatThe heat will flow and flow;Many empty houses and laborious peopleFire evil, heat only diet is not regulated.Either because of the four qi suffering, or because of sorrow and sorrow;It is necessary to stop and go when the situation is urgent. It can nourish the stomach and restore the old blood. "The etiology, pathogenesisTherapeutic principle、Therapeutic methodAs well as prescriptions, etc. were briefly introduced.In the "Children's Gate", we first introduced shape observation, pulse detection, five visceral diseasesMilk seedAfter nursing, the author classified the pathogenesis and treatment of children and pointed out:Foetal toxin, less than half of internally injured milk food, one tenthExogenous wind chillMost of them belong to spleen and liver.Because the spleen and stomach are delicate and the essence is damaged by milk,Spermatic woundThen, dampness generates phlegm, phlegm generates fire, and damp heat stagnates.And the true water is not flourishing, and the heart fire is inflamed alone, so the lung gold is restrained, the liver is often surplus, and the spleen and kidney are insufficient. "To remove the nascent diseases, pinch the mouth, silence the mouthUmbilicus wind、The foetus is frightened and cries at night, various shocks, epilepsy, guest disobedienceSky fishing、Variable steaming, tortoise chestTortoise back、Five softFive hard、ErysipelasAnd other syndromes listed in the category of foetal toxinPentacroidVarious products are listed in the category of internal injury dairy food, and the exogenous, various fever, acne and numbness are described separately, especially the acne syndrome.In "Surgery", the first column is "General Theory of Carbuncle and Gangrene", and then it is divided into more than 80 kinds of diseases and syndromes, including brain and neck, hands, chest and abdomen, back and waist, buttocks and legs, feet and knees, and whole body.As the "General Theory of Carbuncle and Gangrene" says, "carbuncle and gangrene poison are vital to the survival of qi and blood, and both inside and outside are congealed by damp and heat. Pure Yang is easy to become red and collapse, and pure Yin is dull and painless. Half Yin and half Yang are slow to swell and pain, and can be produced by using medicine to return to Yang. Wind is more itchy, and gas is painful,HygromaEating is hot and cold... "This article briefly introduces the etiology, pathogenesis and attributes of carbuncle and gangrene.There are many other syndromes, which provide a good reference for clinical treatment of women, children and surgical diseases.
7. Introduce commonly used prescriptions of each department
Li believes that prescriptions must be used to treat diseases. Only when the number of prescriptions is large and skilled, can they better serve the clinical differentiation and treatment.Therefore, in addition to 127 prescriptions for food treatment in Volume II "Materia Medica", 256 prescriptions for "typhoid fever" in Volume III "Typhoid fever", 48 prescriptions for "perspiration, vomiting, infiltration, temperature and tonification", 28 prescriptions for "internal injury, hunger, fatigue and fatigue" in Volume II "Materia Medica", and 140 prescriptions in Volume V "Pediatrics", there are also more than 930 commonly used prescriptions for treatment of miscellaneous diseases in Volume VI "Miscellaneous diseases";In the seventh column of the volume, there is the "Fu of Women and Children Surgery", which introduces more than 490 commonly used prescriptions;In addition, there are 47 in the "Collection", 10 in the category of qi, blood, phlegm and depression in the "General Prescription of Pediatric Surgery for Women with Miscellaneous Diseases", and nearly 250 in the "General Ancient Prescription Poetry", with a total of about 2300 prescriptions.And after the main prescription, there are many changes in the addition and subtraction of drugs, so that beginners can use them flexibly, which shows Li's great efforts.
Li emphasized the root cause of disease treatment and believed that "root" was the source of disease.He said in the "Treatments · Seeking the Essence": "The method of treating diseases should be used to reduce the source of the disease. The disease can not be separated from the yin and yang evils. Wind heat and fire disease belong to yang, and dampness and dryness and cold disease belong to yin. If the disease is treated without seeking, the yin and yang evils will grow and become more difficult to control." He also said in the "Miscellaneous Treatments": "Yang deficiency and fire decline, sweet and warm are easy to supplement; yin deficiency and water are widespread, and bitter and cold are difficult to flourish.Yin and Yang are both deficient, only to supplement their Yang while Yin grows by itself;Both qi and blood are ill. Only regulate their qi and the blood will calm down. "You said, "If you have longevity, the yang will be flat and the yin will be secret; if you have no disease, the fire will fall and the water will rise. If you hear that men have more yang than yin, you shouldTonifying yinTo match yang;womanQi stagnationIn blood, it is better to open bloodPromoting qi。Fat people have qi deficiency and phlegm,dear away phlegmSupplementing qi has been handed down since ancient times;Thin manBlood deficiencyIf there is fire, it is the final proposal to purge fire and nourish yin.Young people are suffering from shallow diseases. What's the problem with attacking the standard?Old and weakDepth of diseaseCome on, this is the solid foundation. "All the words are the supreme principles, which are always remembered by doctors.
About the author
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Li JunThe word Jianzhai,Nanfeng(now Nanfeng, Jiangxi).The year of birth and death is no longer available for detailed examination. He lived in the Ming DynastyJiajingtoWanliYears.He is eager to learn since childhood, undermines talents, and neglects fame and wealth. In his youth, he learned medicine due to illness, and has collected medical books of all ages to study various schoolsMedical theoryPractising medicine in Jiangxi, Fujian and other places, he has great curative effect and high reputation.In his later years, he felt that the medical books were numerous and unorthodox, and beginners had no way to find their way. So he collected dozens of medical books, "on their essentials, including their words, published them in a hidden way, and compiled them in different categories, and annotated them separately". The books were compiled and published in the third year of Wanli (1575).
Background
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Li Xun's motivation for compiling Introduction to Medicine is that, according to the book's "Collection of Examples", "to give medicine due to illness, suffering does not always require an introduction". He believes that Wang Shuhe《Pulse channel》Li Dongyuan《Medicinal property》Although the content of these books is very good, they are "voluminous and inconvenient"《Typhoid theory》、《Quasi evidence book》Although the content of the book is very good, "it cannot be recited unless you read it at a young age", and "the complete words of the book" Medical Classic Primary School "can really be introduced, while the book" Jufang "is unprepared, and its meaning is too simple for scholars to understand".So we closed our doors for four years. "We read the ancient and modern theories, seize the important points, include their words, and make them hidden, while the categories are compiled, and annotated separately. It is readable and understandable in the heart, and we should respond to the symptoms without suffering from breaking the humerus" (Introduction to Medicine).
A visitor looked at Weng You and said, "Zi is worth the loss of separation, and how can we know the origin when we study Su Wen and Xuan Yu?"?Said: the body is the origin;Zhi Ye, whose surname is Yun still.Is it wise to grow and flourish without first cultivating their roots?There are many diseases in your body. If you take a hundred medicines and don't recover, you will have to taste the soup and still haven't reached it.Therefore, Shuer closed the door and offered four sacrifices. He embodied the ancient and modern theories, including his words, which were hidden and classified, and annotated separately. It was readable and understood in the heart. He was able to cope with the symptoms without suffering from breaking the humerus. Under the submergence, he was praying for his insight into the disease and his whole business after frost and snowSanchunIt is also full of glory.Otherwise, Sima's《sth. that serves as a lesson to all》However, I still call myself a worthless person. I dare to be good at my own skill!The guest said: Yes.The common people suffer from different diseases because of the same blood vessels, or because of gift, or because of infection. They know that rhubarb can induce stagnation, but they don't know the cold. They know that aconite can repair deficiency, but they don't know its legacy. They can save each other one by one?Said: Zhiya!Failed.Dare not to close your eyes and dazzle your body and mind, so as to establish the foundation of all ages, and then plan for all benevolent people.The guest said: Xu.
General Prescription of Pediatric Surgery for Women with Miscellaneous Diseases
General ancient poetry
First aid prescriptions
A strange disease
Therapeutic method
Miscellaneous fu
Medical training specification
Impact assessment
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"Introduction to Medicine" has been highly valued and praised by doctors at home and abroad. Japan has set off a "Introduction to Medicine" craze that has lasted for nearly a century. North KoreaXu JunOf《Treasure of Eastern Medicine》A large number of contents of this book are quoted in.The Record of Hidden Virtue commented on him: "His theory is based on the principle of not being deceived, taking the cultivation of nature as the merit, and doing benevolence as the key,A great collection of booksIn the end. "
