Pittsburgh

City under Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pittsburgh, also known as the steel capital of the world, is located in the United States Pennsylvania In the southwest, the Origna River and the Mon Rom Mehela River converge to form Ohio River The estuary of Allegheny County County government is also pennsylvania after Philadelphia The second largest city in China.
Pittsburgh was once a famous steel industry city in the United States, known as the "World Steel City". However, after the 1980s, with the increase of China's steel production, Pittsburgh's steel business has faded out and has now transformed into a city dominated by medical, financial and high-tech industries. The largest enterprise in the city is the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, which is also the location of Pittsburgh National Bank, the sixth largest bank in the United States.
Because Pittsburgh's economic development in recent years is exemplary, it was elected as the host world in 2009 G20 (G-20) Summit. Pittsburgh has convenient transportation, highway, railway and Water transportation to develop, Pittsburgh International Airport Located in the west of the city, it is a famous large airport in the eastern United States, with 18 airlines gathering here. University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University It is a famous institution of higher learning in the United States. The population in 2000 was 334563.
Pittsburgh is one of the most public security cities in the United States, and has been rated as the most livable city in the United States for many times. It has a long historical memory and a modern urban scene. It can reach the Greater New York District from the east to the north The Great Lakes District, can be said to be the United States East Coast An important location connecting the Midwest.
December 26, 2019, ranked 2019 Global Top 500 Cities No. 175 on the list. [1]
Chinese name
Pittsburgh
Foreign name
Pittsburgh
Alias
World Steel City
Administrative Region Category
city
Region
U.S.A Pennsylvania
geographical position
Eastern United States
Area
144 km²
Government residence
414 Grant St, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
Area Code
four hundred and twelve
climatic conditions
Temperate continental humid climate
population size
334500 (2000)
Famous scenic spot
Carnegie Museum of Natural History Andy Warhol Art Museum University of Pittsburgh
train station
Pittsburgh Union Station
Mayor
Luke
Airport code
PIT
Current Mayor
Bill Peduto (Democratic Party)
Time zone
Eastern time zone

Historical evolution

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Europe in the late 17th century Colonist Fur trading stations have been established. In the middle of the 18th century, French colonialists established a stronghold here, Diyukenburg. It was captured by British colonialists in 1758 British Prime Minister William Pitt William Pitt named the city. In 1816, it merged with some nearby settlements. The Pennsylvania Canal was completed in 1837, and was accessible by railway in 1851. This place became an important land and water area Transport hub
A picture of the city at dawn
At the beginning of the 20th century, Pittsburgh's industry and commerce developed rapidly, becoming the United States industrial revolution A large number of pioneers of the industrial revolution were born in the center of. steel magnate Andrew Carnegie , established Carnegie Steel (later American Steel Company ), once monopolized more than half of the steel production in the United States Steel industry Of trust Andrew W. Mellon Established Meron consortium , became the richest person in the United States at that time, and later became an American finance minister George Westinghouse , American engineer and manufacturer. He has obtained more than 400 patents for many inventions, including Air brake (1869), Railway Brake Signaling Facilities (1882), and the practical methods available for transmitting electricity. He founded Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Westinghouse Electric Corporation); Heinz founded Heinz, a world food giant.
From September 24 to 25, 2009, the G20 Summit( G20 )It was held at the David Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh. Due to the characteristics of steel, bridges, sports and robot manufacturing, Pittsburgh is nicknamed Steel City, City of Bridges, City of Champions and Roboburgh.

geographical environment

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Pittsburgh Night View
Pittsburgh is located on the east coast of the United States Pennsylvania , located at Allegheny River Monongahela River And Ohio River The intersection of. Drive east and New York 6 hours, southeast to the capital Washington DC Three hours, east Philadelphia 5 hours, west Cleveland 1 hour, north Lake Erie 2 hours, northeast Niagara Falls Five hours can be said to be an important place where the East Coast of the United States connects the Midwest.
The urban area is about 144 square kilometers, and the metropolitan area is about 13800 square kilometers. Three big rivers run through the city, bringing Pittsburgh abundant water and inland rivers Transport corridor from Mount Washington You can overlook the scenery of the whole city. Every night, a city with brilliant lights is reflected on the river.
Location of Pittsburgh
The southeast corner of Pittsburgh is famous University of Pittsburgh And with computer science Famous Carnegie Mellon University The buildings in the university area are distinctive. The University of Pittsburgh has a Gothic architecture The "Cathedral of Learning" teaching building in the style of Carnegie Mellon University is built along the mountain. The modern style buildings stand quietly beside tall trees. Science and technology are at peace with nature.
Although it is classified as temperate continental humid zone climate, the winter climate is still cold Average temperature It is - 3.5 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 22.5 ℃. Average annual rainfall 36.3 inches, Snowfall 44.2 in. The temperature starts to drop slowly in October every year, and snow starts to fall in November. January is the month with the most snow. Winter is cold, and the minimum temperature will drop to minus 20 degrees Celsius. The average temperature in winter is about minus 7-10 degrees Celsius.
Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh International Airport, 1971-2000) Climate Average Data
month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
annual
Average high temperature ° C (° F)
one point seven
(35.1)
three point eight
(38.8)
nine point seven
(49.5)
fifteen point nine
(60.6)
twenty-one point six
(70.9)
twenty-six point two
(79.2)
twenty-eight point two
(82.8)
twenty-seven point three
(81.1)
twenty-three point four
(74.1)
sixteen point nine
(62.4)
ten point three
(50.5)
four point three
(39.7)
fifteen point eight
(60.4)
Average low temperature ° C (° F)
-6.7
(19.9)
-5.4
(22.3)
-1.1
(30)
three point nine
(39)
nine point six
(49.3)
fourteen point three
(57.7)
sixteen point nine
(62.4)
sixteen point one
(61)
twelve point two
(54)
five point eight
(42.4)
one point two
(34.2)
-3.7
(25.3)
five point three
(41.5)
Precipitation mm (inch)
sixty-five point eight
(2.591)
sixty-two point seven
(2.469)
eighty-two point three
(3.24)
seventy-eight
(3.071)
one hundred and two point six
(4.039)
ninety-nine point eight
(3.929)
ninety-nine point one
(3.902)
eighty
(3.15)
seventy-nine point five
(3.13)
fifty-nine point seven
(2.35)
seventy-seven point five
(3.051)
seventy-two point six
(2.858)
nine hundred and sixty-one point four
(37.85)
Snowfall Cm (inches)
thirty point two
(11.89)
twenty-one point six
(8.5)
twenty point six
(8.11)
three point eight
(1.5)
zero
(0)
zero
(0)
zero
(0)
zero
(0)
zero
(0)
one
(0.39)
seven point nine
(3.11)
seventeen point three
(6.81)
one hundred and two point four
(40.31)
Sunshine hours
ninety-three
one hundred and ten point two
one hundred and fifty-five
one hundred and eighty-three
two hundred and seventeen
two hundred and forty-three
two hundred and fifty-four point two
two hundred and twenty-nine point four
one hundred and ninety-eight
one hundred and sixty-seven point four
ninety-nine
seventy-four point four
2,023.6
Source # 1: NOAA [2] May 11, 2010
Source # 2: HKO May 11, 2010
In 1880, the urban population exceeded 100000 for the first time, reaching 156389, World War II In 1950, the urban population reached the peak of 676806, and then steel industry Recession and population migration suburb The population in the urban area is declining year by year. According to the 2000 population statistics, there are 334563 people in the urban area and 2462571 people in the metropolitan area. urban district Population composition Chinese white people accounted for 67.63%, and African Americans accounted for 27.12%, Asian It accounts for 2.75%, with Indian and other ethnic groups remaining. The latest 2010 US Census shows that there are 305704 urban residents, 8.6% less than that in 2000
Pittsburgh

social undertakings

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education

This is a Higher Education A strong city. There are two famous universities in Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh (University of Pittsburgh, 2022 U. S. News World University Ranking forty-second [3] )And Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University, ranking 82nd in the U.S. NEWS world universities in 2020 [3] )。
University of Pittsburgh
The University of Pittsburgh, founded in 1787, is a comprehensive public university with a long history, ranking within the top 20 public universities in the United States. Her medical school, biotechnology, philosophy information science And international research are among the best in American universities Research University one of. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) has 22 hospitals, which is one of the most successful regional hospitals in the United States neurosurgery organ transplant gene therapy Most famous.
Carnegie Mellon University It is a top private university in the United States, just across the street from the University of Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon University was founded in 1900. Its engineering school, business school, art school, public management school and computer science And so on. Its computer science and Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of California, Berkeley Stanford University It is also called CS (Computer Science) four famous schools, ranking first in the computer industry in the United States with other three schools all the year round, and enjoys a high reputation in the world. Its engineering school is also in the new US News ranked among the top four in the United States. CERT Coordination center( CERT/CC Is the reporting center for Internet security incidents), which is established in Carnegie Mellon University and plays an important role in responding to Internet security threats.
In addition, there are many local universities in Pittsburgh, such as:, Robert Morris University, Duquesne University, Chatham University

Culture

Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Pittsburgh is rich in culture and art, which Carnegie donated Carnegie Museum of Natural History Carnegie Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural history museums in the United States. Famous American modern artist Andy Warhol Andy Warhol Art Museum is the largest museum of individual works in the United States. The city also has Carnegie Museum of Art and Frick Art&Historical Center.
The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, which has a history of more than 100 years, is one of the famous symphony orchestras in the United States and enjoys a high reputation internationally. The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra has become an indispensable part of Pittsburgh culture. The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra Artistic expressiveness The orchestra is famous all over the world. It has world-class conductors and performers and has penetrated into the daily life of Pittsburgh people. In September 2008, Manfred Honecker, the new music director of the orchestra, injected fresh blood into the old symphony orchestra.
National Geography An article titled Best Trips 2012, published by National Geographic, attracted people's attention, especially Pittsburgh, a city once famous for its steel industry.
Pittsburgh
Because Pittsburgh's cross century architectural style , which strongly attracts British film directors Christopher Nolan (Christopher Nolan) Yes Film Art The pursuit and desire of. Determined to take the center of Pittsburgh as Gaotan City (Gotham City) for his movies《 Batman: The Rise of the Dark Knight 》(Dark Knight Rises)。 Sustainable design Victoria landmarks have been changed, such as the Phillips greenhouse with a glass dome and the modern Creative design , such as the diving waterfront conference center.

Sports

Pittsburgh is a typical sports city. It has three very famous professional teams. American football aspect, Pittsburgh Steelers (Pittsburgh Steelers) obtained in February 2009 National Football League NFL )“ Super Bowl ”Champion, become American history The first team to win the Super Bowl for six times. In terms of ice hockey, Pittsburgh Penguins (Pittsburgh Penguins) Obtained in June 2009 North American Professional Ice Hockey League NHL )“ stanley cup ”Champion, this is the third time its Penguins have won the championship North America It was only the second time in Pittsburgh's history that he won two professional championships in the same year. The last time was 30 years ago (1979), the Steelers and Pirates won the NFL and MLB championships respectively. Obtained in the same year rugby Pittsburgh and Tampa Bay are the only two cities that have won professional championships. In baseball, Pittsburgh Pirates (Pittsburgh Pirates) won the MLB crown five times. Although Pittsburgh has no basketball team University of Pittsburgh Our men's basketball team is a strong team in American college basketball.

Economics

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Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh's economic development has turned to rely on High tech industry Such as biotechnology, medical treatment computer technology , robot manufacturing, and financial service , education and tourism. In 2009, 8 of the top 500 enterprises in the United States set up their global headquarters in the city. The number of headquarters of the top 500 enterprises in the United States ranked eighth in the United States. namely:
105 U.S. Steel
one hundred and sixty-one PPG Industries
267 H. J. Heinz Company
278 PNC Financial Services
406 WESCO International
448 Allegheny Technologies
462 Mylan Laboratories
497 CONSOL Energy
In addition, there are four US top 1000 companies headquartered in the city, namely:
Haines Stadium
541 Dick's Sporting Goods
six hundred and ninety American Eagle Outfitters
732 Kennametal
867 Atlas America
Bayer AG US headquarters, Alcoa The operation headquarters of is also located here. The main employers in Pittsburgh also include Bank of New York New York Mellon), GlaxoSmithKline Deloitte FedEx Etc.
Headquarters Building of PPG Industrial Company
In the 1950s, the government began to transform Pittsburgh. By the 1970s, the focus of reconstruction had always been on cities Environmental improvement At this time, the government began to realize that only improving the environment was not enough to regenerate the city, so it began to formulate and implement Regional economy Diversification strategy And shift the focus of transformation to promoting the development of new industries. By the end of the 1980s, this strategy had achieved remarkable results. Pittsburgh has retained some competitive large traditional enterprises, such as steel production and Transportation equipment USX, which produces electrical equipment Westinghouse Electric Corporation Alcoa, which mainly produces aluminum products Heinz Company and PNC Bank Meron consortium Etc. stay University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University Driven by, a group of people engaged in computer software, robotics, artificial intelligence, biotechnology and Biomedicine etc. Research and development And high technology of production Enterprise development Get up, form a High tech industry Lead, metallurgy Pharmaceuticals , chemical industry, computer, information, finance, etc industrial structure Since the 1990s, Pittsburgh has become a world-class city, building the fourth largest international airport And also built a large number of hotels and culture Sports facilities By strengthening Urban infrastructure , improve investment environment , attracting a large amount of foreign investment. 220 foreign firms There is a representative office in Pittsburgh. Famous German Bayer Waiting for more than 100 Foreign enterprises Our American headquarters is here. After half a century of renovation, the Pittsburgh area social development It has also achieved remarkable results and has now become Bank of America medical and health work And high-tech center. In terms of education, there are 28 colleges and universities in Pittsburgh, accommodating more than 100000 college students. Universities are not only the bases of high-tech enterprises, but also provide a lot of employment opportunities for the society. According to statistics in 1997, the University of Pittsburgh has 9700 faculty members, plus Medical Center 10000 employees, more than 12000 in Pittsburgh American Airlines Company.
In the 21st century, Pittsburgh has transformed into a prosperous industrial and commercial city famous for biotechnology, computer technology, robot manufacturing, health care, finance, and education, becoming the United States urban economy A model of successful transformation.
In 2009, The Economist The Economist )Pittsburgh was rated as the most livable city in the United States. In addition, Pittsburgh is also the United States crime rate One of the lowest cities.
Heavy industry
Smoke Pittsburgh (in the Pittsburgh History Museum)
from geographical environment Look, the bituminous coal limestone and Iron ore Reserve Rich, plus convenient transportation of inland ports, it has large-scale development steel industry In good condition. From the perspective of historical development, by the 1880s, the region had become the largest Steel base Its steel output value accounted for nearly 2/3 of that of the United States at that time. World War I Before and after, the United States heavy industry And the rapid development of railway construction; World War II During this period, due to the war requirement Surge; Pittsburgh entered the "golden age" of steel industry development. The development of iron and steel industry has driven regional economic development. There were 21 of the top 500 American enterprises listed by Fortune magazine at that time Corporate Headquarters Located in Pittsburgh, such as American Steel Company Westinghouse Electric Corporation Alcoa Etc. metallurgy , coke, heavy electrical manufacturing equipment, glass and other industries were the pillar industries of the local economy at that time, which concentrated most of the local employment. However, the regional economy is too dependent on the steel industry, which has caused serious environmental pollution Industrial concentration High and single employment channel.

traffic

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international airport

Mayor Luke Ravenstar
Pittsburgh International Airport (Pittsburgh International Airport) ( IATA : PIT , ICAO : KPIT ), former name“ Greater Pittsburgh International Airport ”(Greater Pittsburgh International Airport), a military civilian joint airport, is located 30 kilometers west of Pittsburgh, covering an area of 52 square kilometre Adjacent to I-376. It mainly serves the city of Pittsburgh. Every day, 13 airlines provide 158 direct flights to 38 cities. At the same time, it serves as the Pittsburgh Air Reserve Station, the Integrated Facilities Air Reserve Command and Air National Guard , provide Aerial refueling Air maneuver and Tactical airlift support US Air Force And others U.S. Department of Defense Activities. The airport has powerful Air cargo Facilities and support a wide range of general aviation Business. As Pennsylvania The second busiest airport and the 47th busiest airport in the United States. By 2004, American Airlines The company is still the largest operator, and about 30% of passengers at the airport are handled by American Airlines. The second largest airline at Pittsburgh Airport is Southwest Airlines The cities where airports provide direct flight services are mainly all over the United States, Canada Mexico Caribbean Region And Europe. Airplanes on the main route include Boeing 717 、737、757、787, Airbus A319 A320 A321 , McDonnell Douglas DC9 MD80 MD90 , and Embraer E190 aircraft. On August 3 and 11, 2018, China Eastern Airlines Charter MU7027/8 times Boeing 777-300ER To and from Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Pittsburgh International Airport This is the first time Pittsburgh International Airport has opened a direct flight between China and the United States [4]

Airport traffic

address :1000 Airport Blvd, Pittsburgh, PA 15231
highway : You can drive from downtown Pittsburgh to Pittsburgh International Airport via I-376W along the road signs.
Taxi company : Checker Cab and Yellow Cab Co of Pittsburgh air-terminal Found at the baggage claim area.
bus : 28X Airport Flyer, arriving at Point Breeze from Pittsburgh International Airport Lower Level - Door 6 via Robinson Town Center, West Bus way, Downtown Pittsburgh, Oakland and Shadyside at 04:40-00:10 every day (04:30-00:00 on weekends and holidays) every 30 minutes; Depart from Point Breeze at 03:17-22:47 every day to Lower Level - Door 6 of Pittsburgh International Airport. The ticket price is paid in cash at $2.75/person time, and Pittsburgh Connect Card swipes at $2.50/person time.
Car rental service : All large Car rental company , including Alamo, Avis Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, Hertz, National and Thrifty, the counter is located in the baggage management office of the terminal.

urban public transport

Pittsburgh Urban public transport system It is operated by the Port Authority of Allegheny and consists of 97 bus lines, 3 light rail lines (BLLB, BLSV, RED) and 2 mountain climbing cable cars (DQI Duquesne Incline, MON Monongahela Incline). Among them, P (ple), G (green), Y (ellow) and O (range) series lines run on East, West, South Busway and I-279 HOV respectively (28X airport special line also runs on West Busway), forming the connection between Pittsburgh and various places in Allegheny County BRT

Sister city

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Pittsburgh is Wuhan, China, Xuchang Of Sister city In 1999, Pittsburgh established the China Trade and Investment Coordination Center. Other sister cities include: UK Shaffield , Japan Qiyu, Bulgaria capital Sofia Croatia capital Zagreb , Spain Bilbao Etc.