synonymNorth American Professional Ice Hockey League(North American Professional Ice Hockey League) generally refers to the National Ice Hockey League
National Hockey League (NHL) (French: Ligue Nationale de Hockey, LNH)North AmericaOccupation of ice hockey teamSports Alliance。NHL is the highest level professional ice hockey game in the world and one of the four major professional sports in North America.The team is divided into east and west regions, and each region is divided into two sub regions.
On May 27, 2020, NHL officially announced thatregular seasonCancel, 24 teams will play in two citiesplayoff。[1]
The North American Professional Ice Hockey League (NHL) is aIce hockeyOccupation of the teamSports AllianceIt is the highest level professional ice hockey game in the world and one of the four major professional sports in North America.
Encyclopedia x ignorance: an illustration of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States
The first game of 2008-2009 season was held inCzech RepubliccapitalBraggHeld.A total of 7 Canadian and 24 American professional teams participated this season.
The normal competition time is divided into three sections, each of which is 20 minutes. If the score is still equal at the end of the third section, the extra time will be entered, and the duration is 5 minutes.Overtime useSudden death act, the party with the advanced ball wins.If both sides fail to score, the penalty kick will be used to win the game.playoffCancel inPenalty Shoot-out, instead of 20 minutes of unlimited overtime until one side scores.
The season is divided into regular season and playoff seasonTwo stages, 82 regular season games,Home and guest venues41 games each, including 32 games with teams in the same division, 40 games with teams in different divisions in the same division, and 10 games in different divisions.The winning team will score 2 points, the loser in overtime will score 1 point, and the loser in normal game time will score 0 point. Finally, see the point ranking.If the points are the same, first look at the total number of non penalty winning games.Then compare the results between the two teams, and then the winning games,Goal differencewait.
The top three teams in each division enter the playoffs. The remaining teams are compared in the region. The top two wild card teams also enter the playoffs. The playoffs adopt a four win system of seven games. The championship of the two divisions will compete for the league championshipstanley cup 。
National Hockey League
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Union in Quebec in 1917MontrealAt the beginning, there were five teams. After a series of expansion, there are now 31 teams, 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.After the cancellation of the entire 2004-2005 season due to the players' strike, the league had a successful 2005-2006 regular season and 2006stanley cup playoff。
Traditionally, because of the Canadian origin of the league, most players are Canadian.In NHL's active expansion to the United States and its output of ready high-level players compared with the high standards of other leagues and the collapse of the Iron Curtain in Eastern Europe, the number of European players and American players has a significant increase trend.Even so, half of the players on the list for the 2005-2006 season were still born in Canada.
Main entry: History of National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The event logo, which was used in 1917, has been replaced by a silver border since 2005 (above), which representsstanley cup The highest honor trophy for the NHL champion.
After passing the National Hockey Association of Canada（National Hockey Association，NHA）After a series of disputes between the owner of the internal Toronto Blue Shirt and the owners of other teams, all the operators cameMontrealOfWindsorThe hotel discusses the future of NHA.Finally, their discussion led to the birth of NHL in 1917.The original teams were:Montreal Canadians, Montreal WanderersOttawaSenator, QuebecbulldogAnd the newly namedTorontoarena。
National Hockey League
Montreal Canadians, 1942
Even though the financial situation within the league has been tight for the first ten years, the NHL team's performance on the court is still very dazzling;In the first nine years of the NHL, the NHL team won sevenstanley cup champion.
In 1926, NHL became the only league competing for the Stanley Cup.Then NHL began to expand the plan;The Hamilton Tigers entered the league in the 1920-1921 season;Boston Bruins andMontrealThe chestnut team joined in the 1924-1925 season;New York Americans andPittsburgh Pirates Entered in the 1925-1926 season;New York Rangers 、Chicago Blackhawks Detroit Puma (now known asdetroit red wings ）Joined in the 1926-1927 season.
At the end of the 1930-1931 season, NHL had ten teams.For some reasons, such as economic panic andthe Second World War, NHL reduced to six teams.The six teams（Montreal Canadians、toronto maple leafs , Detroit Red Wings, Chicago BlackhawksBoston Bruins And the New York Rangers) is called Original Six, which means the original six teams. In the next quarter century, these six teams are the only teams in NHL.
In 1972, the World Hockey Association was founded, although it never threatenedstanley cup But itspotential competitors Identity has not been ignored by NHL.In view of this, NHL decided to fully implement its expansion plan in response and added new ones in the same yearNew York IslandersAnd the Atlanta Flames. Two years later, the Kansas Surveyors andWashington Capital Team。The two leagues fought for fans and players until the WHA disbanded in 1979.Four remaining WHA teams joined the NHL: Harvard Whalers, Emington OilmenWinnipeg sprayfleet And the Quebec Nordics.
NHL's competition isIce rinkOn.Generally speaking, each team has six players on the court at the same time, each wearingskates；The first team has five players and a goalkeeper.The goal of the competition is to call“PuckHardening ofrubberDisk into the opponents on both sides of the courtgoalAnd score.The player controls the puck with a long object with a curved paddle at the end.The goalkeeper tried to keep the puck out of the goal.
Total for each NHL regular game60 minutes。The game is divided into three sections, each of which is 20 minutes long, with 15 minute pauses in between.At the end of the regular 60 minutes, the team with the most goals wins.If the regular time is still tied, extra time will be added.The overtime time limit is 5 minutes, usingGolden Goal Competition system, that is, any party who scores first wins immediately;Each team can only send 4 people (goalkeepers are not included).
If the game is still unable to win or lose after extra time, they will shoot each other in the form of bamboo among plum blossoms;Three players from each teamSingle knifeShoot the ball.If there is no result after three rounds of mutual shooting, each team will continue to send players to shoot each other in the form of plum blossom bamboo until the winner is determined.The winner gets two points, and the loser gets one point based on overtime defeat.
stayplayoffWhen,OvertimeThe rules are different, and the game of mutual shooting is deleted;It is replaced by an unlimited number of 5 on 5 extra time games in 20 minutes, and the same will be adoptedGolden Goal System.Theoretically, the game may go on all the time, but only a few games have exceeded four overtime periods, and none of them has exceeded six overtime periods.
The season of NHL is divided into two parts, one is the routine match according to the scheduled schedule, andElimination systemThe best of sevenplayoffThe team that won in the last round of the playoffs won the Stanley Cup.The last season was the 2006-2007 regular season, culminating in the 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs.
In the regular match, each team will play 82 games;41 at home and 41 away games.
Teams in the east: play 2 games with teams in the west (1 home game and 1 guest game);Teams from different regions in the east play three games per team (four teams have two hosts and one guest, and the other four teams have one host and two guest, rotating annually);And the teams in the same area (two teams play five games each, and the other four teams play four games), so a total of 82 games will be played;
Teams in the west: play two games each with teams in the east (one host and one guest), play three games each with teams in different regions of the west (four teams play two hosts and one guest, three teams play one host and two guest, rotating every year), and play five games with teams in the same region (five teams play five games, two teams play three hosts and two guests, three teams play two hosts and three grams; the remaining one team plays four games, two hosts and two guests). This is also a total of 82 games.
Each year, the two divisions of the Trans Western or Eastern Alliance will take turns, similar toMajor League BaseballCross - league competition.Every game will accumulate points. The winning team will get two points. The team that loses in the extended overtime will get one point. The team that loses in the regular time will not get points.Among the four major professional sports in North America, NHL is the only league that gives points to the team that has lost the overtime.
After the regular match, the team with the most points in the division is the division champion.The "Presidents' Trophy" is awarded for the best performance in the league.The top three teams in each division of the Western and Eastern League enter the playoffs. The remaining teams are compared in the region, and the top two wild card teams also enterplayoff。The first round of the playoffs is the second to third match in each division.The area with good performance is the first for external cards and the second for external cards. The other area is the first for external cards.stanley cup The playoffs are four out of sevenElimination system, the winner will be promoted to the next round.In the second round, that is, the sub league semi-finals, the seed order is rearranged, and the best record of the remaining teams is equal to the final record, and so on.The third round, the divisional league championshipFederationThe remaining two teams will compete, and the winner will be the champion of the branch league and get the ticket to enter the Stanley Cup championship.
The team with higher ranking in each round will obtainHome advantageFour of the seven matches will be held in the home court of the team, the first and second, the fifth and seventh, if necessary.The other three games will be held in the opposite court.
rule
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The competition is divided into three sections, each of which is 20 minutes long.
At the beginning of the game, the players of both sides will kick off at the center line of the court.Kick off means that both parties send one player to play against each other, and after the referee puts down the ball, they compete with each other with a curved stick.
Each team can send six players to play at the same time;Normally there would be three forwards, two defenders and a goalkeeper.However, at the end of the game, if one of the players is one or two goals behind, the latter will usually remove the goalkeeper and replace it with a striker.
If a player commits a foul, the penalty can be divided into two minutes for minor punishment, four minutes for double minor punishment or five minutes for major punishment according to the referee's decision.After the player leaves the field, the penalty party will lack one person to play until the departure time is over.However, in the two minute and four minute penalty time, if the penalty party is attacked, the penalty time will automatically end.(Note: In the four minute penalty, if the goal is scored in the first two minutes, the penalty time will be reduced to the remaining two minutes).
The number of players who have been punished can be reduced to four at most;Normally, there will be one striker, two defenders and a goalkeeper.
Red line "icing" rule
There are three conditions for the implementation of the red and middle line "icing" rule: first, the number of players on both sides is balanced;Second,ball controlThe player crosses the ball behind the red linegoal lineAnd missed the goal;Third, the next one to touch the ball was the other player and the vice referee made a red line "icing" award.
Para redThe penalty for "icing" in the middle line is to restart the ball in the defensive area of the offending team, and it is prohibited to replace the player on the court.
When the number of players on the team is relatively small due to a foul, the vice referee does not follow the red line "icing" rule.
Offside
When the control team is attacking, the ball must cross the other side's blue line from the neutral zone into the attack zone before all the players on the other side, or it will be judged offside by the vice referee.
The offside penalty is to restart the ball at the attacking half of the neutral zone outside the blue line of the opponent.
ranks
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When the National Hockey League was founded in 1917, there were five teams. After a series of expansion, dissolution and migration, there are now 31 teams, 24 in the United States, and 7 in the United StatesCanada。MontrealCanadians are the most successful team, winning 24 timesstanley cup ；Among the four major professional sports in North America, it is the only one that has won more thanMajor League BaseballOfNew York Yankees；The second most successful team istoronto maple leafs , won the Stanley Cup 13 times, but has never won it since 1967.Who won the Stanley Cup ten timesdetroit red wings Is the most successful American team.The longest streak of Stanley Cup was five times from 1955 to 1956 to 1959 to 1960Montreal Canadians；New York IslandersAnd Montreal Canadians have had 4 consecutive hegemony.The Montreal Canadians in the 1976-1977 lineup wereESPNIt is called the second greatest sports team in history.In the past two seasonsTampa Bay Lightning (2005-2006) andAnaheim duckTeam (2006-2007) won the championship.
Because in 2011, it was located in the original southeast areaAtlanta Thrashers Migrate toCanadaManitobaWinnipeg City and new nameWinnipeg Jets , which triggered the discussion of the Alliance on the new partition adjustment.In order to match the division where the team is located with the time zone where it is located, reduce the travel expenses required by the team to play in the division, and facilitate fansWatching the ballThe league decided to divide 30 teams into four new divisions from 2013 to 2014.Eight teams from each of the two divisions of the Eastern League,Western UnionThere are 7 teams in each of the two divisions.
Used by the National Hockey LeagueIce rinkWithGlass wallAnd roundedskating rink。The size of NHL ice rink is 25.91m × 60.92m (85ft × 200ft), whileinternational standardThe ice hockey field is 60 – 61 meters long and 29 – 30 meters wide (196.85 – 200.13 feet × 95.14 – 98.43 feet).RinkCenterlineDivide the court in two and use it to judge the illegal clearance.Two stripes on the iceblue lineDivide the ice rink into three parts to create two attack zones and a neutral zone in the middle.There is a thin red strip near the edge of both sides“goal line”It extends to the entire width of the ice surface for judging goals and illegal clearance.
After the test of the North American Ice Hockey League, NHL added a trapezoidal area behind the goal on both sides from the 2005-2006 season, and stipulated that the goalkeeper can only stay in this area andgoal linefrontball control。If the goalkeeper violates this rule, he will be regarded as delaying the match by the ball card and will be punished for 2 minutes.
Awards and trophies
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Team Awards
stanley cup -Awarded to the playoff champion team every year
In the history of NHL, there have been three industrial disputes leading to suspension.The first one was suspended for 10 days in April 1992;Affected eventsAll inThe same season was rearranged.The second time was at the beginning of the 1994-1995 season, which eventually reduced the season from 82 games to 48 games;All teams also play in their own areas.third timeLabor disputesIt happened in the 2004-2005 season.With the salary agreement between the players and the league in the dark, Gary Bettman, the president of the league, announced the cancellation of the entire 2004-2005 season.The dispute lasted for 310 days. In July 2005, the players and the league reached a new salary agreement.This isNorth AmericaFor the first time in professional sports, the season was cancelled due to labor disputes.In fact, this dispute is because the league hopes to implement a salary cap to balance the rising salary of players, but the players' union is strongly opposed.Finally, a new agreement was reached only after the players' union made substantial concessions.
In the United States, the NHL competition is organized by Versus andNational Broadcasting Corporation（NBC）Rebroadcast.Among them, Versus replacedESPNNBC replaced ABC.
In China, NHL events are broadcast by CCTV Sports Events Channel (CCTV5+).
Related information
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On December 22, 2021, the North American Professional Ice Hockey League (NHL) announced that its players would give up participating in Beijing due to the new championship epidemicWinter Olympics。On December 23, Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianPress conferenceIn response to relevant inquiries, I noted thatBOCOGHuang Chun, deputy director of the Office of Epidemic Prevention and Control of BOCOG, expressed regret at the press conference of the National Press Office.[3]
In February 2024, Gary Bateman, president of the North American Professional Ice Hockey League (NHL), announced that NHL players would participate in the 2026 and 2030 Winter Olympics, which would be the stage for NHL players to return to the Winter Olympics after the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics after 12 years[5]。
