the north sea

The sea area between the island of Great Britain and the European continent

open 24 homonymous entries

Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

North Sea Xu Dehai Correspondence. yes Atlantic Northeast Marginal sea , on Continental Europe Northwest of Great Britain 、 scandinavian peninsula 、 Jutland Peninsula And Hobby Lowlands.

To the west of the North Sea are the islands of Great Britain and Orkney Islands Is the boundary, and the north is Shetland Islands , adjacent to the east Norway and Denmark , connecting Germany to the south Netherlands 、 Belgium 、 France , Southwest longitude Calais Strait and English channel It connects to the Atlantic Ocean. In the north, it is connected with the Atlantic Ocean by open waters Skagerrak Strait Kattegat Oresund Strait And the Baltic be interlinked. The sea area is 965.4 kilometers long from north to south, 643.6 kilometers wide from east to west, and covers an area of 575000 square kilometers.

The islands of Great Britain, Shetland, Scandinavia, Jutland and Western Europe Continent enclosed, mostly shallow sea continental shelf The average water depth is only 96m.

Except that there is a place near the southwest end of Scandinavia that is about 28-37km wide and 200-800m deep parallel to the coastline Trough In addition, the water depth in most of the sea areas is not more than 100 meters, and the depth in the south is less than 40 meters, England There are many in the open sea to the north Moraine Sandbanks and shoals with an area of 650 square kilometers Doge shoal The water depth is only 15~30 meters, which is one of the world famous shallow waters.

There are seven countries along the coast: Norway, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and France. The most populous country is Germany, followed by Britain and France.^[1]

Chinese name: the north sea
Foreign name: North Sea
Sea area type: Marginal sea
Average water depth: 96m
geographical position: Adjacent to Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, etc

Deepest: 800m
Area: 575000 km²
East-west width: 643.6 km
Long from north to south: 965.4 km
Climate: Seasonally distributed evenly
Climate type: Temperate marine climate

catalog

four Development history
five Coastal country

climate

Announce

edit

Beihai Scenery (4 sheets)

Position High latitude , perennial Prevailing westerly wind , and north Atlantic Warm current regulation, no freezing in winter, low temperature in summer. February Average temperature 0~5 ℃, and the average temperature in August is 15~17 ℃. Annual precipitation More, 1000 mm in the north and 600~700 mm in the south, with even seasonal distribution. genus Temperate marine climate 。 At the same time, Beihai Polar front It hovers from north to south, with frequent cyclones. Especially in winter (November to March of the next year), storms often occur, and wind waves up to several meters or even more than 10 meters can be formed Netherlands 、 Denmark 、 Belgium And Britain and other coastal areas suffered Storm surge Attacks that endanger people's lives and property. Near surface layer of North Sea ocean current It is a cyclonic circulation, while the bottom layer is irregular Shetland Islands The flow velocity nearby is relatively strong, but it decreases in the middle, generally not more than 35cm/s. The tidal current in the North Sea is relatively large, and the tidal current velocity in the open sea area is 1~1.5m/s, Dover Strait 2.5 m/s, sometimes up to 5 m/s near Shetland Islands. The North Sea surface water temperature is the lowest in February and the highest in August. Receive current, especially North Atlantic Warm Current In winter, the water temperature in the northwest sea area is 7.5 ℃, while that in the east south sea area is 2 ℃; In summer, on the contrary, the temperature is 13 ℃ in the Northwest China Sea and 18 ℃ in the East South China Sea.

geographical environment

Announce

edit

position

the north sea, Atlantic A bay in the east and partly in the west England 、 Scotland Is the boundary between the east and Norway 、 Denmark Germany, Netherlands Belgium Adjacent to France, from Wald Lighthouse on the French coast in the south Dover Strait The line connecting to the Cape of Fur on the British coast is the boundary; Northern from Scotland Cape Dunnet , via Orkney and Shetland Islands , and Along the west Longitude 0 ° 53 ', longitude to 61 ° north latitude, and then eastward along 61 ° north latitude Coastal Norway The line of is the boundary. The southern part of the North Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Dover Strait; North, through the gap between Scotland and Norway, and the Atlantic Ocean and Norwegian Weihai Connection; East, via Norway Sweden , Denmark Skagerrak Strait and Kattegat Strait , and the Baltic be interlinked. Beihai is about 965 kilometers long and 580 kilometers wide in the north. The total area is 600000 square kilometre , the average water depth is 91 meters, and the volume is 155000 Cubic kilometer 。 Several islands in the sea area cover a total area of 73 square kilometers.^[1]

geology

Beihai is considered to be Epicontinental sea That is, its entire structure Sea basin They are all on the continental (just opposite to the oceanic) crust. The basin, to some extent, is a Geosyncline (Strip Sedimentary deposit And was folded into mountains at least twice before. Each time, these mountains were washed away, leaving only a shallow basin between England and the mainland. About 230 million years ago, the land around the North Sea was desert Evaporation capacity Large, the water flowing from the north is limited, forming a huge Evaporite Sedimentation. Under the North Sea and in Germany Denmark Discovered Salt dome And structure are the representatives of these evaporites. The history of the formation of the submarine structure in the North Sea is directly related to the vast oil fields being developed in the North Sea and its neighboring countries.

Of course, the bottom of the North Sea belongs to the continental shelf. The southern half of the sea is 40 meters deep Plateau 。 The seabed gradually inclines to the north and reaches the edge of the continental shelf west of Shetland Islands. The water depth is about 183 meters. Around the southern end of Norway to the edge of the continental shelf, there is a rare strait (Norwegian Strait), with a depth of about 600 meters. some Oceanographer Think the Sea Valley yes Continental glacier It is formed by scouring. There are others last Glacial (11000-8000 years ago) sea level Low water level And valley like cutting left by glacial moraine (the so-called glacier Moraine When the glacier melts, sediment accumulates in the front of the glacier. UK and Denmark The Doger sandbar between is an example, its water depth is only 13 meters. Seafloor sediment It is mainly glacial gravel, sand and silt. There are silt everywhere, which is caused by ocean current The effect of the wave and the reason of being transported again.

ocean current

The water circulation in the North Sea is influenced by both the Atlantic water from the north and the water from the east the Baltic The impact of water, and the inflow of water from the southern Dover Strait is very little. Most of the seawater comes from North Atlantic Warm Current , flowing southward along the shore of Orkney and Shetland Islands. To the south, it turns counterclockwise and flows out along the Norwegian coast, becoming the current of the Baltic Sea. The surface water temperature is 2~7 ℃ in February and 11~17 ℃ in August. salinity It varies with regions and seasons. Because of the rivers in the mainland（ Rhine 、 Elbe River 、 Weser River 、 Ames River and Schelder River ）A large amount of fresh water flows into the coastal waters of Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany. Even if it is not too cold in winter, it will freeze. In the west, because there is less fresh water entering the sea and affected by the North Atlantic Warm Current, there is no ice even in winter.

Coastal port

(Bold is an important port)^[2]

Britain: Londonderry, Belfast, Glasgow, Aberdeen Dundee 、 Edinburgh 、 Newcastle 、 Middlesborough 、 Kingston on Hull Grimsby, Great Yarmouth, Lostoft Ipswich 、 Colchester , Chermsford Southend, Binhai 、 London 、 Dover 、 Heitan, Liverpool Chester Swansea, Cardiff

Ireland: Sligo, Westport Galway 、 Limerick 、 Kirk Waterford Dublin

France: Calais 、 Dunkirk

Belgium: Ostend 、 Brankenberg

Netherlands: Ternapu 、 Middleburg Rotterdam, The Hague Harlem , Denheild Amsterdam 、 Almel Lelystad

Germany: Emden 、 Port William , Bremen Port Cooks 、 hamburger

Denmark: Esbiyo 、 Aalborg 、 Aarhus 、 Odense 、 Copenhagen

Norway 🇳🇴： Frederick Starr 、 Oslo 、 Drammen 、 Christian Sang 、 Stavanger 、 Haiyugesong 、 Bergen

Faroe Islands (Dan) Port Toles

natural resources

Announce

edit

Beihai Fishing Ground In the world Four major fishing grounds one of, Fresh fish Its output accounts for half of the world's total, and coastal people in nearby countries all take fishery as their main agriculture. In 1958, the bottom of the North Sea was Netherlands , Germany Denmark and Norway Divide into several oil and gas exploration and development areas. first Natural gas well And oil wells were put into production in 1959 and 1969 respectively. The proven oil reserves in the North Sea are 23 billion barrels, making it the ninth largest oil field in the world.

Development history

Announce

edit

Tertiary in geological history pliocene (about 2.5 million years ago), Doge Beach North Sea to the south of Dogger Bank Sea basin originally be Continental Europe Part of. At that time, the Rhine River entered the sea about 400 kilometers north of London. Quaternary Pleistocene, experienced several times during 2 million years ice sheet Advance and retreat, the largest one Glaciation , from the Thames The sea basin north of the mouth to the Dutch coast is completely covered with ice. About Western Yuan In the first 6000 years, ice sheet melting and sea area expansion flooded Britain With France Land bridge The island is separated from the mainland. The North Sea coast was formed about 3000 years ago.

In the Tertiary period of geological history (about 60 million years ago), the Beihai area slowly subsided. At the end of Pliocene (about 2.5 million years ago), Doge shoal The North Sea basin to the south was originally part of the European continent. At that time, the ancient Rhine River (the ancient Thames River and other tributaries) flowed into the North Sea 400 kilometers north of London today. the quaternary period the pleistocene (About 2 million years ago), after several ice sheet advances and retreats, the sea basin north of the line from the Thames Estuary to the Netherlands coast is completely covered by ice. About 6000 BC, the ice sheet melted and the sea area expanded, flooding Great Britain A land bridge with France. The outline of the North Sea was formed about 3000 years ago.

Coastal country

Announce

edit

There are seven countries along the coast: Norway, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and France. The most populous country is Germany, followed by Britain and France. Norway is in the region Population density The smallest country, with an average of only 13 people per square kilometer, has a total population only equivalent to that of Russia St.Petersburg The population of a city.

National data

Basic data of seven countries along the North Sea (2009)
country	Area/km two	Coastline/km	Population/person
Belgium	thirty thousand five hundred and twenty-eight	sixty-six point five	ten million four hundred and fourteen thousand three hundred and thirty-six
France	six hundred and forty-three thousand four hundred and twenty-seven	four thousand six hundred and sixty-eight	sixty-four million fifty-seven thousand seven hundred and ninety-two
Germany	three hundred and fifty-seven thousand and twenty-two	two thousand three hundred and ninety-eight	eighty-two million three hundred and twenty-nine thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight
Ireland	seventy thousand two hundred and seventy-three	one thousand four hundred and forty-eight	four million two hundred and three thousand and two hundred
Netherlands	forty-one thousand five hundred and forty-three	four hundred and fifty-one	sixteen million seven hundred and fifteen thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine
Norway	three hundred and twenty-three thousand eight hundred and two	twenty-five thousand one hundred and forty-eight	four million six hundred and sixty thousand five hundred and thirty-nine
britain	two hundred and forty-three thousand six hundred and ten	twelve thousand four hundred and twenty-nine	sixty-one million one hundred and thirteen thousand two hundred and five

Economic data of seven countries along the North Sea (2009) Unit: US $100 million
country	gross domestic product	Per capita GDP/USD	Exports	Import volume	Trade volume with China
Belgium	three thousand eight hundred and fourteen	thirty-six thousand and six hundred	two thousand nine hundred and sixty-one	three thousand one hundred and fifty	one hundred and sixty-seven point two two
France	twenty-one thousand one hundred and thirty	thirty-two thousand and eight hundred	four thousand five hundred and sixty-eight	five thousand three hundred and twenty-two	three hundred and forty-four point seven nine
Germany	twenty-eight thousand one hundred and twenty	thirty-four thousand and two hundred	eleven thousand two hundred and ten	nine thousand three hundred and thirteen	one thousand and fifty-six point eight four
Ireland	one thousand seven hundred and seventy	forty-two thousand and two hundred	one thousand and seventy-three	six hundred and forty-nine	fifty-two point one zero
Netherlands	six thousand five hundred and twenty-three	thirty-nine thousand	three thousand nine hundred and seventy-six	three thousand five hundred and eighty-nine	four hundred and eighteen point zero four
Norway	two thousand seven hundred and sixty-five	fifty-nine thousand and three hundred	one thousand two hundred and twenty	six hundred and forty-five	fifty-seven point three five
britain	twenty-one thousand six hundred and fifty	thirty-five thousand and four hundred	three thousand five hundred and thirteen	four thousand seven hundred and thirty-six	three hundred and ninety-one point five five

Novice on the road

Growth task Getting Started with Editing Edit Rule Edit by myself

I have questions

Content query Online Service Official post bar Feedback

Complaints and suggestions

Report bad information Failed to appeal through entries Complaint of infringement information Blocking query and unblocking

Jinggong Network Anbei No. 1100000200001