Chemical fiber is made of naturalPolymer compoundOr synthetic macromolecular compounds as raw materials, through the preparation of spinning stock solution, spinning and post-treatment processes, the fibers with textile properties are prepared.[1]
Chemical fiber is pressurized by chemical liquid to eject it from a small hole to form an uninterrupted, continuous columnar or thin linear fiber.[2]
Property parameter classification
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The morphological aspects include: size (see number of branches), cross section shape, length, curl and wrinkle, luster;The mechanical properties include: fracture strength and crack extension length, elastic modulus, fatigue resistance, wear resistance;Physical aspects include: heat resistance, light resistance, conductivity, flame resistance or flame resistance, specific gravity;Chemical properties include fiber and water, acid, alkali, organic solvent and microorganism.The molecular structure and texture structure of various chemical fibers are different, and the parameters reflecting various properties of chemical fibers are also different.
Preparation method
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The preparation of chemical fiber is usually to first make natural or synthetic polymer or inorganic substances into spinning melt or solution, then filter and measure them, extrude them from spinneret (plate) into liquid trickle, and then solidify to form fiber.At this time, the fiber is called nascent fiber, and its mechanical properties are very poor. It must go through a series of post-processing procedures to meet the requirements of textile processing and use.Post processing is mainly aimed at stretching and heat setting of fibers to improve their mechanical properties and dimensional stability.Stretching is to orient the macromolecules or structural units in the primary fiber along the fiber axis;Thermal setting is mainly to relax the internal stress in the fiber.The post processing of wet spinning fiber also includes washing, oiling, drying and other processes.When spinning the filament, the filament can be wound into a drum through the above process;The processes of crimping, cutting and packing must be added when spinning staple fibers.Among the raw materials used to produce textiles, cotton, linen, silk and wool (wool) have the longest history.However, natural resources are limited after all. The yield of cotton is about 1992.2 kg/ha. Mulberry trees are also needed for sericulture and silk spinning, and animal husbandry is needed to increase wool production.Therefore, chemists began to study the use of cheaper and more abundant raw materials to spin and weave fabrics, which are chemical fibers.[1][3]
