Liu Qiaoer

1951 Beijing Pingju Opera House Pingju Opera Works

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Liu Qiaoer is a play adapted from Beijing Pingju Theater in 1951 and written by Wang Yan Yuan Jing The Qin Opera play Liu Qiao'er's Complaint and Han Qixiang Concocted Northern Shaanxi storytelling 《 Liu Qiao Reunion 》^{[1-3 ]} 。

The play tells that Liu Qiao'er, who yearns for freedom of marriage, ends his engagement with Zhao Zhu'er, his fiance whom he has never met before, under the deceit of his father, and then is secretly betrothed by his father to the landlord Wang Shouchang. After knowing the truth, Liu Qiaoer is determined to fight against arranged marriage in pursuit of her own happiness^{[3 ]} 。

(Overview diagram: New Fengxia As Liu Qiaoer^{[1 ]} ）

Chinese name: Liu Qiaoer
Type: Pingju Drama

Scriptwriter: Collective adaptation by Beijing Pingju Theater, written by Wang Yan
Creation time: 1951
Material selection of the play: Liu Qiao'er's Complaint, Liu Qiao'er's Reunion

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Synopsis

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In 1942, the people of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Longdong region, under the advocacy of the government, practiced marriage autonomy. Liu Qiaoer is a spinning expert with good labor and good character. But her parents arranged her to marry Zhao Zhuer when she was young. She has never seen her fiance before, and she often worries about it. Once at a model worker's meeting, she secretly fell in love with the industrious and handsome young man Zhao Zhenhua. The landlord Wang Shouchang had long liked Liu Qiaoer's beauty, so he gave her a lot of money and asked her to propose marriage to Liu Qiaoer. Liu Yangui, greedy for money, listened to the lie of matchmaker Liu and promised to marry a girl. Liu Yangui lied to his daughter that Zhao Zhu'er was a rascal, but Qiao Er didn't know what the plan was, so she voluntarily withdrew her marriage. Liu Yangui takes the opportunity to force Zhao Jincai, Zhao Zhu'er's father, to break the engagement of his children. One day, Qiaoer went to the cooperative to send lines and met Shouchang. Wang Shouchang pesters Qiao'er and tells her that her father has accepted the bride price and is going to meet her soon. Qiao'er is very angry after hearing this. Aunt Li, the women's director, was delivering food to the ground when she saw Liu Qiaoer crying sadly. When she asked why, she took her to the countryside. Coincidentally, she met Zhao Zhu'er who was working in the field. Qiao'er knew that Zhao Zhenhua was Zhao Zhu'er, and that the person she loved was the one who had retired. Thanks to Aunt Li's resourcefulness, she wanted to make them clear of the misunderstanding and set her own life. Liu Yangui is obsessed with stealing money and forces Qiao'er to marry Wang Shouchang. Qiao'er refuses to obey. Liu Yangui locked Qiao'er at home. That night, Zhu'er's father led people to rescue Qiao'er. So, the two lawsuits went to Qingyang County, and happened to meet a subjective judge. He only looked at the surface of the matter, determined that the Zhao family "robbed relatives" and broke up the marriage between Qiaoer and Zhuer. Commissioner Ma accepted the complaint of Qiao'er and Zhu'er, investigated deeply, found out the truth, approved the marriage of Qiao'er and Zhu'er, and dealt with those who committed crimes^{[3 ]} 。

Selected passages

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Excerpt: Qiao'er: My Child Betrothed to the Zhao Family
Performer: Liu Qiaoer
Qiao'er, I betrothed myself to the Zhao family,	After passing the door, he worked for me to produce,
Zhu Er and I don't know each other. How can we marry him.	We also weave cloth and cotton. We learn culture.
My father has retired from the district,	He helped me, I helped him,
This time I will find my husband's family by myself.	Let's strive for a model couple to start a career and get married.
I fell in love with someone at the last model labor meeting,	Come under the bridge. I can see with my eyes,
His name is Zhao Zhenhua.	The grass beside the river is matched with big red flowers.
They all chose him as a model,	The frog in the river is croaking,
Everyone praises him.	The birds in the tree are chirping.
I couldn't put my head down when I saw him that day,	I am carrying a small basket on the bridge,
So I fell in love with him secretly.	Cooperatives cross lines and receive cotton.
I hope this young man loves me too,

Excerpt: "Looking forward to the stars, looking forward to the moon, looking forward to Commissioner Ma"
Performer: Liu Qiaoer
Look forward to the stars, look forward to the moon,	Are you afraid of sorry for the confused referee?
We are looking forward to Commissioner Ma,	Is it not my father who makes trouble secretly,
Why doesn't he believe my heartfelt words?	Are you afraid of the neighbors' gossip?
It's hard to be happy after retiring,	It is difficult to fulfill one's wish when one thinks of another,
Isn't it possible to get together after beating people?	I have to wait patiently until tomorrow.
Is it not that he hasn't seen the opinion yet,

(Note: Read from left to right, the above reference materials^{[3 ]} ）

Author

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Creative staff

position	personnel
Scriptwriter	Collective adaptation, Wang Yan (writing)
director	Xia Chun
stage art design	Wang Wenchong, Zhang Yao, Sudan
Music Design	Zhang Qixiang^{[2 ]}^{[4 ]}

Performers

Person in the play	performer
Liu Qiaoer	New Fengxia
Zhao Zhuer	Zhang Defu
Wang Shouchang	Song Changwen
Matchmaker Liu	Zhang Shuqin
Liu Yangui	Zhao Lianxi
Zhao Jincai	Yu Shaohai
Aunt Li	Zhao Lirong
Commissioner Ma	Xue Enhou^{[4 ]}

Character

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Person in the play	Role Profession	role
Liu Qiaoer	Hua Dan	She is a skilled spinner with good labor and good character, but her parents arranged her to marry Zhao Zhu'er when she was young. She has never seen her fiance before, so she often worries about it.
Wang Shouchang	clown	The landlord had long liked Liu Qiaoer's beauty, so he gave her a lot of money and asked her to propose marriage to Liu Qiaoer.
Zhao Zhuer	Xiaosheng	Liu Qiao'er has never seen her fiance before. Liu Yangui said that she was a rascal, but actually she was an industrious and handsome young man.^{[3 ]}

Drama performance

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Creation background

Liu Qiaoer is adapted from a real story in the countryside of Shaanxi Gansu Border Region. Liu Qiaoer's character prototype is called Fengzhi Qin , Yes Qingyang City, Gansu Province^[6] When she was young, her father Feng Yangui betrothed her to Zhang Bai in Zhangwan Village. Because the two families are not far apart and often come and go, the two young people grew up together and have a good relationship. Unexpectedly, when Zhang Bo was 18 years old, Feng Yangui, the father of Feng Zhiqin, hated the poor and loved the rich. Seeing that Zhu, the landlord, was rich, he even thought that Zhang Bai's family was poor and could not take out the bride price. He insisted on leaving the Zhang family's marriage, and granted Zhiqin his daughter to the Zhu family. Feng Zhiqin himself firmly opposed the marriage. Under such circumstances, the Zhang Bai family, fearing that something might happen to them, gathered together overnight to break into the Feng family and snatch the Feng Zhiqin to the Zhang family. When Feng Yangui saw his daughter was robbed and received the bride price from Zhu's family, he wrote a petition to the Huachi County Government to sue the Zhang family for "robbing the civilian daughter". After investigation, the county government determined that the marriage between Zhang Bai and Feng Zhiqin was invalid. Feng Zhiqin and Zhang Bo were unconvinced by the verdict, and the public also expressed strong feelings.

At this time, the Soviet government of the Shaanxi Gansu Border Region was vigorously promoting freedom of marriage and mobilizing women to go out of their homes to participate in production. In order to fight for marriage autonomy, Feng Zhiqin came to Qingyang City, the seat of Longdong Branch Office of the Border Region Government, and became a commissioner of the branch office Ma Xiwu Appeal, request to decide. Ma Xiwu went to Zhangwan Village, Huachi County to visit the masses in person. After finding out the truth, he held a mass meeting with the county government and publicly sentenced Feng Yangui and Zhu's family to punish them for buying and selling children and stealing relatives illegally. It was determined that the marriage between Feng Zhiqin and Zhang Bai was valid. The villagers supported the government's decision and congratulated the two young people on their successful marriage.

On March 13, 1944, Jiefang Daily reported the incident. Blind storytellers in northern Shaanxi Han Qixiang According to Feng Zhiqin's deeds, create a story telling book in northern Shaanxi《 Liu Qiao Reunion 》。

In 1949, Xin Fengxia and the actors of her troupe watched the opera《 White haired girl 》Later, he was moved and also wrote and acted White Haired Girl. Just at this time, Zhang Xiaomei, the president of the Beijing Women's Federation, gave Xin Fengxia a storytelling book, Liu Qiao Reunion, written by Han Qixiang. So Xin Fengxia and the actors in her troupe rehearsed and judged the play according to Han Qixiang's storytelling book, Liu Qiao's Reunion. According to this book, I wrote an outline. At that time, there were no special writers to write scripts, and no directors to rehearse plays. All of them performed "outline plays", also known as "curtain shows", according to the old habits. Yang Zhicheng, an old actor in the troupe, is responsible for the division of scenes and the assignment of roles. After receiving the task, each actor should figure out what words to sing on the stage and how to perform before the opening. After going on the stage, he should write and sing his own songs and perform impromptu. At the beginning of rehearsal, except for the landlord Wang Shouchang, who was better dressed, all the others wore shabby clothes, their faces were not powdered, they did not move on the stage, and their tunes were mostly crying. After the performance, the audience didn't like it. So he decided to change his method, wear beautiful clothes and dance moves. Liu Qiaoer wears a red coat and green pants, a flower on his head, and paint. Matchmaker Liu wore Qing Dynasty embroidered clothes with big lace, and other actresses also wore big green flowers. In music, small gongs are also added. Grounds for the landlord Wang Shouchang's singing《 Ju Da Gang 》Liu Qiaoer's lyrics have also been fixed. The lyrics of the "Sangyuan" scene were created according to the "Old Sangyuan Meeting". The modified performance completely uses the gongs and drums of the old play, and the actors follow the steps of the old play. At this time, they saw the Qin Opera script Liu Qiao'er's Complaint written by Yuan Jing, so they added some plays according to the script, especially in the Sangyuan scene. After the performance, although the audience liked it, they did not continue to play the play after the troupe moved indoors.

In 1951, Wang Yan of the Art Department of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture proposed to reorganize the play, so according to Yuan Jing's Liu Qiao'er Complaint, combined with some of the original performances and songs, Wang Yan wrote and revised it into a Pingju script. Later invitation Xia Chun As a director, clothes, art, lighting, etc. have been designed and set. Under the overall planning of the director, through script analysis, the actors of the troupe understand the theme, what to promote, and what social effects to achieve. After this rehearsal, the name of the play was officially changed from "Reunion of Liu Qiao" to "Liu Qiaoer"^{[1-2 ]} 。

Aria design

After regular rehearsals, the actions and vocals of the characters in the play were adapted. In particular, the aria of "Small Bridge and Flowing Water", which Liu Qiao'er appeared in, was greatly changed. The lyrics of the libretto show that Liu Qiao'er thought while walking on the way to the delivery line. He secretly fell in love with the model worker and was happy with everything he saw along the way. Therefore, we adopted a cheerful double board playing method in music. Instead of big bangs, we used two wooden fish. We added small gongs, cymbals and other percussion music to the door. The cheerful rhythm expressed Qiao Er's joy.

Liu Qiao'er's marriage in the play was frustrated. In the "Sangyuan Complaint" scene, Qiao'er sang Qiao'er's inner anxiety with a heavy heart: "Qiao'er, I pick mulberry leaves to raise silkworms, and silkworms make cocoons to entangle myself..." At this time, the rhythm slowed down and the singing was slow. In the play, the plot of Ma Xi's five commissioners' in-depth investigation and research at the grass-roots level was also put on the stage. Liu Qiaoer and Commissioner Ma were on the stage. Commissioner Ma asked, and Liu Qiaoer sang and answered, telling her grievances and sadness in her heart. In the next section, Commissioner Ma listened to Qiao'er's story and left without saying anything. Liu Qiao'er was uneasy. Looking at the back of Commissioner Ma, she sang, "Look forward to the stars, look forward to the moon, look forward to Commissioner Ma, why..." Then there were several "aren't there?"? Said Qiao'er's uneasy mood^{[1 ]} 。

Costume modeling

Liu Qiaoer's clothes have also been greatly improved according to Yu Feng New Fengxia made a coat of folk blue calico and wore it on Qiao'er, which is both generous and rustic^{[1 ]} 。

Performance Information

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On October 23, 2023, the play will be performed in China Pingju Theater.^[5]

Appreciation of plays

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Liu Qiaoer is a milestone in the history of Pingju Opera. It portrays an advanced character Liu Qiaoer who dares to pursue marriage autonomy and personal happiness. At that time, China had just promulgated a new marriage law, which reflected the respect and protection of women's human rights. The production of Liu Qiaoer coincides with the times, setting a good example for women who pursue marriage autonomy.

Xin Fengxia first made great changes in Pingju in Liu Qiao'er: she changed the low sad tone of Pingju into a happy and bright happy tone. Her play shows the love and struggle of women in the new society after they turned over, full of joy and joy, and becomes a lyric poem of "turning over" style. In addition, Xin Fengxia's appearance is beautiful, her noise is beautiful, her voice is soft and her singing is fresh and elegant, which reflects the rap characteristics of Pingju's singing. His singing pays attention to language and emotional logic. For example, in the "My father seeks money" section of the play, there are several "I love him" comparisons in this section, which are sincere in emotion and seem to speak and sing. The "lumpy tone" of "I love him and he also loves me" forms a unique musical vocabulary of the new school. Even she sang some of the small passes of Pingju, thus showing the lively and cheerful side of the new art. She pays attention to the use of resonance area in the process of enunciation and pronunciation. The prefix, abdomen and suffix of the words are very standardized. The pronunciation of the words "understand" in her ignorance of human feelings and the pronunciation of the words "line" that can't be done are so exquisite and clear, forming the unique characteristics of the "new school" of Pingju Opera: fresh, bright, affectionate and beautiful. (Review of Opera Appreciation^{[3 ]} ）

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