Vaseline is a semi liquid mixture of alkanes or saturated hydrocarbons, also known as petrolatum, made from petroleumfractionationAfter preparation.Its state is between solid and liquid at room temperature. It has three colors of brown, yellow and white due to different uses[1]。
Natural vaseline is obtained from petroleum residual oil concentrate such as alkyl hydrocarbon heavy oil;Artificial vaseline is made from the mixture of mineral oil thickened with pure paraffin or paraffin and paraffin grease.Vaseline has a smell of mineral oil, not kerosene.It can be used as raw material for medicine and cosmetics, and also for machine lubrication[2]。
Character: white to yellowish uniform ointment;Odorless or almost odorless;Slippery in contact with skin;It has wire drawing property.
Solubility: slightly soluble in ether, almost insoluble in ethanol or water.
purpose
Raw materials for ointment and cosmetics
security information
Dangerous goods sign: T - toxic goods
Risk term: R45 - possibly carcinogenic.
Safety terminology: S24 - Avoid skin contact.
Safety: combustible, keep away from open fire, and use water spray, foam, dry powder or carbon dioxide to extinguish the fire.Prevent eye contact. In case of accidental eye contact, wash with plenty of water immediately (remove contact lenses if possible) and seek medical advice as soon as possible.It is not edible and should not eat or drink during use.
This product is a semi solid mixture of various hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum after decolorization.
identify
Take this product 20 g, melt, add 2 ml and 00.5 mol/L iodine solution 0.2 ml, shake, cool, the upper layer should be purple pink or brown.
The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the reference (membrane method) (general rule 0402).
inspect
Cone penetration
Take an appropriate amount of this product, melt it at 85 ° C ± 2 ° C, and measure it according to the cone penetration method. The cone penetration should be 130~230 units.
PH
Take 35.0g of this product, place it in a 250mL beaker, add 100mL of water, heat it to a slight boil, mix it for 5 minutes, leave it still and let it cool, separate the water layer, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution, which should be colorless;Add 0.10mL of methyl orange indicator solution to avoid pink color.
colour
Take 10.0g of this product, put it into a beaker, heat it on a water bath to melt it, transfer it into a colorimetric tube, and compare it with the same volume of control solution (take 0.2mL of copper sulfate solution for colorimetric use and 7.8mL of potassium dichromate solution for colorimetric use, mix it well, take 2.5mL of mixed solution, add water to 25mL), which shall not be deeper.
Impurity absorbance
Take this product, add trimethylpentane to make a solution containing 0.50mg per lmL, and measure it at the wavelength of 290nm by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry. The absorbance should not exceed 0.50.
sulfide
Take 3.0g of this product and check it according to the law. It should meet the requirements (000017% ）。
Organic acid
Take 20.0g of this product, add 100mL of neutral dilute ethanol (neutral to phenolphthalein), stir and heat to boiling, add 1mL of phenolphthalein indicator solution and 0.40mL of sodium hydroxide titrant (0.1mol/L), and stir vigorously, which should turn red.
Heterotropic organics and ignition residue
Take 2.0g of this product, place it in a crucible which is ignited to constant weight at 5501 ℃, heat it with a straight fire, and there should be no pungent odor;The residual residue shall not exceed 1mg (0.05%) after re ignition.
Fixed oil, fat and rosin
Take 10g of this product, add 50mL of 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, place it in a water bath for 30 minutes, separate the water layer, acidize it with 2.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution, and do not generate oil or solid substances.
heavy metal
Take 1.0g of this product and check according to the law. The content of heavy metals should not exceed 30% per million.
Arsenite
Take 1.0g of this product, add 10mL of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate ethanol solution (1-50) and 1.5mL of hydrogen peroxide (30%), burn it to carbonize, cool it, if it is not completely incinerated, add a certain amount of nitric acid to carbonize it again, and burn it at 550 ° C until it is completely incinerated.According to the law, it shall meet the requirements (0.0002%).
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Take 1.0g of this product, put it into a separating funnel, add 50mL of n-hexane to dissolve it, add 10mL of dimethyl sulfoxide to shake it, wait for layering, take the lower liquid into another separating funnel, add 20mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 20mL of n-hexane, shake it for 1 minute, wait for layering, take the lower liquid, put it into a 50mL measuring bottle, add dimethyl sulfoxide to dilute it to the scale, shake it up, and use it as the test solution.Take 10mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 25mL of n-hexane, shake, layer, and take the lower layer solution as the blank solution.Take an appropriate amount of naphthalene, prepare a solution containing 6mg per 1ml with blank solution as the reference solution, and measure the absorbance of the test solution in the range of 260~420nm according to the ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry. The maximum value shall not exceed the absorbance value of the reference solution at the wavelength of 278mn.
category
Pharmaceutical excipients, ointment matrix and lubricant, etc.
Storage
Sealed and protected from light[3]。
Naming Origin
Announce
edit
In the 19th century, oil drillers in a new oil field in Pennsylvania found wax scale on sucker rods(Rod Wax)It has certain analgesic effect on burns and cuts;In 1859, pharmacist and chemist Robert Chesenberg（Robert Chesebrough）When he visited Brooklyn, New York, he collected some wax scale and took it back for research. He spent 11 years refining and purifying these oil residues to make a petroleum based ointment that will not deteriorate.[4]This by-product is also called petroleum jelly（petroleum jelly）Where "petroleum" refers to oil and "jelly" refers to colloidal substances.It was called petrolatum in the early days of chemical industry（petrolatum）, the commercial petrolatum produced by the two companies are respectively named Vaseline and Shirolaton（sherolatum）[5]。Robert Chesenberg named it Vaseline（vaseline）, and applied for a US patent in 1870. The name can be derived from the German word "water"（wasser）And Greek "oil"（elaeon）The two words are combined.
Composition characteristics
Announce
edit
Vaseline (petrolatum)
and
It is a kind of high molecular hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum fractions, and the distillation end temperature is higher than 303 ℃.Its specific gravity is between 0.820 and 0.865, insoluble in water, but soluble in gasoline and pine oil.[5]
Vaseline is a colorless, odorless, fluorescent and transparent oily liquid obtained by deep refining of petroleum lubricating oil fractions, with a drop point of about 37-54 ℃.It does not contain any additives, moisture and mechanical impurities.Soluble in ether, chloroform, gasoline, benzene and other organic solvents.Insoluble in water.Good chemical stability and oxidation resistance, good oxidation stability, stability and light stability.
The substance is composed of most saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atom number higher than 25, and its composition depends on petroleum raw materials and refining process;Highly refined (white vaseline) is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and lower refining level (yellow, amber or brown vaseline) is used in industry and may contain carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other impurities.
Its chemical composition is mainly long-chain alkanes.The main raw material is the wax extracted from the residual oil left after atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil. At the same time, different amounts of high and medium viscosity lubricating oil should be mixed as required.
Product standard
Announce
edit
Vaseline (petrolatum) is divided into three categories according to the use scope, physical and chemical properties and production requirements, and the international general product standards are adopted. In China, national standards for ordinary vaseline have been developed, four of which are:Pharmaceutical Vaseline（GB 1790—86）、Industrial Vaseline(SH/T0039-90), ordinary vaseline (GB 6732-86)Capacitor Vaseline（GB 6733—86）[6]。
Medical vaseline: it is a uniform ointment like substance with certain wiredrawing property and very short wiredrawing, without odor[7]According to the refining depth, it can be divided into medical white vaseline and medical yellow vaseline, which are white, light yellow to light yellow respectively[6]；Applicable to raw materials of medical ointment and cream and skin care ointment[6]；It is made by mixing paraffin grease with mineral oil or by mixing fragrant oil with melted white paraffin wax or paraffin wax. It can be used to manufacture medical ointment, emulsion in textile industry, and anti-corrosion grease for measuring instruments and surgical instruments[7]。It can be used as ointment when it is highly refined to medical grade. Mineral jelly used for medicine may be equipped with other substances[5]。
Industrial Vaseline: It is a solid hydrocarbon based grease used to protect metal products;It can also be used as antifriction grease when the temperature is not higher than 45 ℃ and the load is small[7]。It is applicable to corrosion prevention of metal articles, metal parts and machinery and antifriction lubrication of machinery[6]。Vaseline (petrolatum) is used in lubrication and rubber and resin formulations. When used as lubrication, it should only be filtered and refined without acid treatment, and should not be mixed with paraffin. Its melting point should be between 46 and 54 ℃;Grade O petrolatum used as rubber softener is a light yellow odorless semi-solid with a specific gravity of 0.84 and a melting point of 46-48 ℃[5]。
Ordinary vaseline: divided into ordinary white vaseline and ordinary yellow vaseline;Suitable for lubricating rubber products softener, glass fiber drawing molding emulsion, etc[6]；
Yellow Vaseline is a yellow uniform ointment, which is made by mixing fragrant oil, paraffin and wax (yellow);It can be used in veterinary medicine and as a substitute for medical vaseline[7]。
Capacitor vaseline: it is white and light yellow uniform ointment[7]；It is suitable for impregnating capacitor insulation materials and casting capacitors.
Vaseline, also known as yellow petrolatum, is usually made from the intermediate product in the production process of microcrystalline wax (i.e. the wax obtained from the dewaxing of residual lubricating oil), mixed with different amounts of high and medium viscosity lubricating oil according to the consistency requirements, and refined to different depths to produce a series of products[6]。
Vaseline is mainly produced by sulfuric acid clay refining and aluminum trichloride process, which have been widely used in China since the 1960s. Its characteristics are less investment, simple operation and mature process, but there are some shortcomings such as high consumption of raw and auxiliary materials, large waste of energy resources, low yield, serious pollution, and the acid residue can not be comprehensively utilized;After the 21st century, the production process of hydrofining vaseline is also adopted, which is characterized by high yield and no pollution to the environment[6]。
application area
Announce
edit
Medical skin care
Vaseline is mainly chemically inert hydrocarbon and has no bactericidal ability;But it is not hydrophilic and will not be absorbed. Applying it on the skin can form a film on its surface, making it difficult for water to evaporate and dissipate. It can keep the skin moist, prevent bacteria from coming from the air from contacting the skin, thus reducing the possibility of infection.(The following are medical vaseline or other products marked for human use)
① In dry weather, it can be applied to face, hands, feet or body skin to moisturize.
② Apply it on the inner lining of the nasal cavity to avoid bleeding due to dryness, or people with epistaxis can apply it on the inner wall of the nostril to prevent continuous bleeding.
③ It can be used as lip balm to apply on lips, and its oil component can keep lip moisture.
④ When you have a cold, apply it on the skin around your nose to avoid blowing your nose and turning red.
⑤ It can avoid eczema caused by long-term contact of wet diapers with skin.
⑥ Even patients with oral ulcer can dry the affected part with a paper towel first, and then apply a layer of Vaseline.This can prevent the ulcer from contacting the acidic substances in the mouth and accelerate the healing of the ulcer.
⑦ It is said that people who are troubled by rich hands may be improved after smearing their hands with Vaseline and wearing cotton gloves overnight before going to bed.
⑧ Vaseline is stable and not easy to deteriorate, nor irritating and not easy to cause human sensitivity. As a skin care product, it is suitable for people who are allergic to spices or alcohol additives because of its mild taste.
⑨ Moisten the skin tissue of the wound and reduce the air contact, maintain the state of high self repair ability, and not easy to leave scars.
And Vaseline is suitable for cosmetics raw materials, used to make hair cream, hair oil, hair wax, lipstick, facial oil, skin care grease, etc.
Add some lipstick you like, put it in the microwave oven, heat it slightly, soften it, mix it evenly and put it into a small cosmetic box, which can be made into a personal lipstick.
Applying it on the eyebrows can make the eyebrows smooth and look darker.
Vaseline's chemical inertia makes it not irritating to any type of skin,
It can stop bleeding and relieve pain when applied to small wounds or slight burns,
Apply it on the baby's buttocks to prevent diaper rash, or lubricate the baby's anal temperature thermometer to reduce discomfort.
Main disadvantages
Vaseline is only suitable for extremely dry skin or extremely dry winter. It is too greasy for oily skin or other conditions, which may block pores and cause acne and acne.
matters needing attention
Vaseline should not be used in the following cases:
First, it's better not to use it when you just burn, otherwise the heat will not dissipate and will affect the healing of the wound.
Second, do not use it when the nose is blocked, because Vaseline will affect the ability of nose hair to clean dirty air.
Third, it is best not to use condoms.Because Vaseline is fat soluble, it can react with rubber and cause condom damage.
Industrial use
Vaseline can be used as an anti rust and waterproof agent in addition to wetting and pouring capacitors.When making waterproof film, it will generate a layer of waterproof film after repeated coating for 2-3 times after drying.
Electricians use vaseline to coat the space between the cable and the junction box, which can play a role in lubrication.
It is also used for lubrication of light machinery and precision instruments, and mechanical lubrication of cosmetics, food industry and textile industry.
Vaseline can also be used in many furniture and machinery to prevent rust, lubricate and repair cracks,
It is applied between the gaps of two frosted glassware in direct contact to prevent the glass from biting each other and getting stuck.The most common is that the glass tap in the buret should be coated with a thin layer of Vaseline to increase the lubrication during torsion and seal the gap.To insert the glass tube into the hole of the rubber stopper, apply some Vaseline to increase the lubrication to make the tube easier to insert.
In addition to the above, thin coating on the camera lens may create a soft focus like hazy effect[8]。
