Guinea baboon (scientific name:Papio papio）: smaller in the same genusspecies, weight 13-26 kg, body length 508-1143 mm, tail length 456-711 mm.Ugly, female animals are smaller than male animals.Its head is large,Eyebrow boneIt is high and protruding with sharp edges and corners.His eyes were dark and sunken;The snout is very long, and the female's snout is slightly shorter;The facial skin is purple black, smooth and hairless.The body hair is rough and reddish brown, with significant geographical variation.With a middle skull, and a front facingcheek。A long face with a prominent kiss.Adult animals have 32 teeth.Canine toothBig, maleMaxillaThe canine teeth are long and protruding.
It inhabits on the border of Sudan's tropical savanna and Guinea's subtropical grassland.Vegetation cover in this area includes deciduous forests and bamboo forests (42%), and other areas of land covered by non wood plants.Generally, they are active on the ground during the day, good at climbing mountains and rocks, and have the ability to climb trees.It is a social animal. It likes to live in groups and sometimes form large groups.belong toOmnivorousAnimals, but mainly plant food.It is distributed in Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.
Guinea baboons are smaller in their genusspecies, weight 13-26kg, body length 5081143mm, tail length 456-711mm.Ugly and strange in color,FemaleSmaller than males.Its head is large, its eyebrow bone is high and protruding, and its edges and corners are clear.The eyes are dark and deep, the snout is very long, the female's snout is slightly short, the face is flesh colored, smooth and hairless.The limbs are very strong, and the hands and feet are black, which is suitable for walking on the ground.The tail is long and thin.Male beastMaxillaThe canine teeth are long and protruding.[1]
Guinea baboons have purple and black facial skin.The body hair is rough and reddish brown, with significant geographical variation.The animals in the west are slightly lighter;The eastern coat is darker, and red is found in the brown part.Guinea baboon features the same colored fur on the back, arms, cheeks and abdomen.The color of each hair is divided into multiple layers, and the texture has the effect of wavy curls.Guinea male baboons have manes, which are less obvious than Arab baboons.The skin around the visible part of the male anus is pink.The color change of female anal and vulval skin depends on the fertility status and age.[1]
Like baboons of other species, the fur of newly born baboons is different from that of adult monkeys in color and texture.
The baboon has a middle skull and a front facingcheek。A long face with a prominent kiss.Adult animals have 32 teeth.Canine toothBig, maleMaxillaThe canine teeth are long and protruding.Especially in the male, the first lower molar has been modified to act on the upper canine.The molars are strongly double ridged.[1]
Habitat environment
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Inhabits in Sudan savanna and GuineaSavannaThe boundary of.Vegetation cover in this area includes deciduous forests and bamboo forests (42%), and other areas of land covered by non wood plants.These non forest areas change seasonally, sometimes with very high grass, and are razed to the ground at other times of the year, resulting in very bare and open habitats.[1]
Life habits
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activity
Generally, they are active on the ground during the day, good at climbing mountains and rocks, and have the ability to climb trees.It is an animal engaged in social life. It likes to live in groups, sometimes forming large groups. Each group is formed by several families.If the food source is sufficient, the large group will break down automatically to form some stable small groups.Each group occupies a large territory and travels around the territory. Every day, they go out for activities, food and water along a fixed route, and return to the fixed forest to live in the evening.Guinea baboons have a rough temper and often fight in groups. If they encounter an intruder in their territory, the leader often takes the lead and rushes to the front, followed by other members. All of them are like fierce and tenacious soldiers, roaring loudly, throwing stones at the intruder, or biting with sharp canine teeth.[1]
Guinea baboons spend about two hours a day at the eating place, and the rest of the time they dress up and comb their hair to eat lice and other parasites at any time, which not only keeps their fur clean, but also plays a role in connecting the emotions between group members.When the weather is hot, you can hide in a cool place to rest and play, and perform dancing, heel flipping and other skills.In these times, the group should send "sentries" to guard around. Whenever there are beasts or birds of prey and danger comes, the "sentries" should make a shrill cry to inform their companions to escape or defend the enemy.This habit makes many other animals often stay near the group of Guinea baboons in order to benefit from their signals.[1]
ethnic groups
Each family is headed by an experienced male animal with the strongest body, the most massive head, and the most beautiful fur color in the group. In particular, the size and sharpness of the male's canine teeth are important criteria for whether to be a leader. Other members of the family include several minor male animals with lower status, as well as several female animals and cubs.The leader's position is hard won, and it is not a lifelong system. Once a more intelligent and strong male animal appears in the group, it is necessary to challenge the leader's position. After fighting, the winner can continue to be the leader.[1]
In baboon groups, the hierarchy of the community is very strict, which is caused by the survival competition of the jungle in nature.In order to avoid unnecessary cannibalism and fighting within the group, unite to resist the enemy and ensure the smooth growth and development of future generations, members of the group naturally formed their own distinctive hierarchical psychology.The status of each individual in the group is determined by its ability, charm, size, strength, gender, age and other factors. Members of the community usually live in harmony and share weal and woe, but the division of labor is also very clear.The leader's position in the group is supreme, and the whole community should obey its command.It can give orders to members of the group, give priority to feeding, occupy estrous females at will, and even regulate and adjudicate disputes among members.As long as it growls, the other members will obey immediately;When other members pass by the leader, they should show obedience, and offenders should be severely punished;When resting and eating, the leader should sit in the middle, etc.The soon born female and her cubs also have a high position in the group, and they are specially cared for and protected in terms of movement and feeding.Even in the frolic, the female beast with her cubs will not be attacked by other members.When marching in groups, the leader usually leads the procession in front, the female and the young male follow behind, the female with the cubs is sandwiched in the middle, and the other stronger males rear the procession.[1]
Feeding habits
Guinea baboons are omnivorous animals, but mainly plant food.The leaves, fruits, roots, bark and sap of various plants, as well as many insects and larvae such as locusts, termites and ants, are its favorite food. Other animal foods such as scorpions, reptiles and bird eggs can also satisfy its hunger, and even prey on birds, hares and small antelopes.When catching prey, instead of sneaking stealthily near the prey, all the people take action and hunt by means of big encirclement.Sometimes they also go to orchards and farmland in groups to steal fruits, cereals and other crops, or to look for food in garbage dumps near residential areas or military camps, ignoring intimidation signs used by people.When people find out and drive them away, some even throw stones at people, sometimes forcing people to use more severe means to repel these uninvited guests.Guinea baboons eat food for two or three hours every day.[1]
Distribution range
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It is distributed in Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania and Senegal.There is uncertainty: Sierra Leone.[2]
Reproductive mode
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Guinea baboons have an irregular estrus and breed once a year. When the female ovulation period approaches, the pink skin in the anal genital area becomes swollen and round.This swelling usually lasts 13.2 days.In other time zones of the cycle, the skin in the anal genital area has a wrinkled texture.The gestation period of female animals is about 184 days, and only one litter is produced per litter.The weaning period is about 420 days.[1]
The body hair of the newborn is black, and only the face, ears and buttocks are red.After birth, she was held in her arms by a female animal with one hand and let it hold the nipple for feeding.However, the cubs spend more time under the belly of the female animals. After a few hours of birth, they should learn to hold the belly of the female animals with their hands and run around with them. Especially when the female animals run away quickly to avoid danger, they should try to catch the belly of the female animals to avoid falling down.When they grow up, they can ride on the back of the female. Sometimes they run away from the female and play nearby, but they will soon be called back by the female to avoid getting lost.When the cubs can run and jump, they follow the females and often like to grasp their tails.[1]
Half a year later, the female animal weaned the baby and tried to drive away the baby who kept screaming around.However, these young children will be taken care of and guided by an elder in the group until they can live independently.The cubs reach sexual maturity at the age of 5-7, with an average life span of 35 years.[1]
Subspecies differentiation
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Single species, no subspecies.[3]
Population status
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Guinea baboon's natural enemy leopard has almost disappeared in its habitat.Its threat mainly comes from human beings.The expansion of farmland is encroaching on its natural habitat.As baboons also dig crops, they are often driven away by local people as pests, or even killed.The World Conservation Union has designated Guinea baboon as a near threatened animal.[2]
Protection level
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Listed in IUCN ver.:The red list of primates in 2008 - Near Threatened (NT).[3]
