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Impact crusher

Medium and fine gravel equipment developed in the 1990s

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Impact crusher, short for Impact rupture , commonly known as System sand machine It is a kind of high-energy and low consumption impact breaking with international advanced level. Its performance can be applied to various ores Fine laceration The equipment plays an irreplaceable role and is the most effective, practical and reliable gravel machine.

Chinese name: Impact crusher
Foreign name: Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher
Abbreviation: Impact rupture

Features: Common ore crushing equipment
Structure: Feed hopper, distributor, etc
Advantages: Advanced technology, high efficiency and energy saving

catalog

brief introduction

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Impact crusher is also called System sand machine ， Vertical impact crusher It is composed of seven parts: feeder, distributor, whirling crushing chamber, impeller experience, main shaft assembly, base transmission device and motor.

purpose

System sand machine Widely used in metals and Nonmetallic ore 、 cement Refractory materials, abrasives, glass raw materials, building aggregates, artificial sand River pebble , rock (limestone Granite 、 basalt 、 diabase , andesite, etc.), ore tailings 、 Stone chip Artificial sand, building aggregate, road fabric, cushion material asphalt concrete and cement concrete Aggregate production and fine crushing and coarse grinding of various metallurgical slag, especially for medium hard, super hard and Abrasiveness Materials such as silicon carbide , carborundum Sintered bauxite 、 Magnesite It has more advantages than other types of crushers. And hydraulic protection Palatal rupture It can be used together to treat various metallurgical slags. For construction sand and road construction sand Excellent is suitable.^[1]

working principle

The working principle of impact crusher is simply the principle of stone hitting. Let the stones collide with the stones thrown out by the impeller acceleration in the process of natural fall, so as to achieve the purpose of crushing. When the stones thrown out by acceleration collide with the stones falling naturally, another vortex During the return process, there are two times of crushing, so there is little wear on the impact plate of the machine during operation.

The stones fall directly into the high-speed rotating rotary table from the upper part of the machine. Under the effect of high-speed centrifugal force, the stones and another part of the target stones distributed around the rotary table in an umbrella form produce high-speed impact and high-density crushing. After hitting each other, the stones will form vortex movement between the rotary table and the casing, resulting in multiple blows, friction, and crushing, which will be discharged directly from the lower part. Closed circuit multiple cycles are formed, and the required particle size is controlled by screening equipment.^[2]

Performance characteristics

1. This machine is a new type of medium and fine Crushing stone equipment It is also widely used in the world to replace cone crusher Roll counter Model of.

2. The structure is novel, unique and the operation is balanced.

3. Low energy consumption, high output Crushing ratio Large.

4. The equipment has small volume, simple operation, convenient installation and maintenance.

5. With shaping function, the product is cubic Bulk density Large.

6. In the production process, the stone can form a protective bottom layer, and the machine body is durable without wear.

7. A small number of easily worn parts are made of hard wear-resistant materials, which are small in size, light in weight and easy to replace parts.^[2]

Technical characteristics

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1. High crushing efficiency, with fine crushing and coarse grinding functions;

2. Simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, low operation cost;

3. It has a strong ability to pass through non broken materials and is less affected by the moisture content of materials, which can reach 8%;

4. The product has excellent particle shape and is cubic, with extremely low needle and flake content, suitable for aggregate shaping Artificial sand making And high-grade highway aggregate production;

5. Product Bulk density Large, Iron pollution Minimal.

application area

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Impact breaking is widely used in various metal and non-metallic ores, cement, refractories, abrasives, glass raw materials, and building aggregates, Machine-made sand , metallurgy and other industries. It is suitable for medium and fine crushing various ores and rocks with different hardness, such as iron ore, nonferrous metal ore, emery Bauxite 、 Quartz sand 、 Brown fused alumina 、 perlite 、 basalt The medium and fine crushing operation of high hardness materials such as, is the core equipment of domestic and foreign construction, mining, metallurgy industry, highway, railway, bridge, hydropower, mineral grinding field and machine-made sand industry.

Sketch Map

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Figure 1: Schematic diagram of feed crushing structure of impact crusher

The material enters the impact crusher from the feed hopper and is divided into two parts by the distributor. One part enters the high-speed rotating impeller from the middle of the distributor and is rapidly accelerated in the impeller. Its acceleration can reach hundreds of times the gravity acceleration, and then it is ejected from the three evenly distributed flow channels of the impeller at a speed of 60-70 m/s, First, a part of the materials collected from around the distributor will be impacted and broken, and then they will impact the material lining in the vortex branch chamber together, bounce back by the material lining, and impact the top of the vortex chamber obliquely upwards, then change its movement direction, deflect downward, and the materials emitted from the impeller flow channel will form a continuous material curtain. Such a piece of material will be impacted, rubbed, ground and broken twice or even several times in the whirling crushing chamber. The crushed materials are discharged from the lower discharge port. In the whole crushing process, the materials will impact and crush each other without direct contact with metal elements, which will extend the wear time of the machine and reduce pollution.

The feed crushing structure of the impact crusher is shown in Figure 1: the feed crushing structure of the impact crusher.^[2]

matters needing attention

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1. Regularly shut down and open the observation door for observation Impact sand machine Internal wear, central feeding pipe, cone cap, upper and lower flow channels of impeller Lining plate The wear degree of the circumferential guard plate and the wear block shall be replaced or repaired in time after wear, and the wear block shall be replaced at the same time to ensure the same weight of the wear block. strictly prohibit Crusher Open the observation door to observe the internal working conditions during the work to avoid danger. Replace the worn impeller body and find the manufacturer for repair. Special attention shall be paid to that it is strictly prohibited to make impeller without the consent of the manufacturer.

2、 System sand machine It should be added appropriately when the working time reaches 400 hours grease The main shaft assembly shall be opened to clean the bearing when the working time reaches 2000 hours. If the working time reaches 7200 hours, the bearing must be replaced with a new one.

3. The tensioning force of transmission V-belt shall be adjusted properly to ensure that the V-belt shall be selected in groups and the length of each group shall be as consistent as possible. The current difference between the two motors should be adjusted to not exceed 15A.

4. During the working process, as the sand machine is a high-speed equipment, special attention should be paid to safety. The staff should stay away from the equipment. If the machine needs to be repaired, the power must be cut off before operation.

Note: Matters needing attention during the operation of impact crusher shall refer to the factory an instruction manual To ensure the normal operation of the equipment.^[3]

structure characteristics

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1. Feed hopper: Feed hopper Its structure is an inverted prism (or cylinder), and the feed inlet is equipped with wear rings. The incoming materials from the feeding equipment enter the crusher through the feed hopper.

2. Distributor: The distributor is installed on the upper part of the whirl crushing chamber. The function of the distributor is to divide the incoming materials from the feed hopper, so that some materials will enter the impeller directly through the central feeding pipe and be gradually accelerated to a higher speed for ejection, so that other materials will enter the outer side of the impeller in the whirl crushing chamber from the outside of the central feeding pipe and the bypass will enter the outer side of the impeller in the whirl crushing chamber, The high-speed materials ejected from the impeller are impacted and crushed, which does not increase power consumption, increases production capacity and improves crushing efficiency.

3. Whirl crushing chamber: the structure of the whirl crushing chamber is an annular space composed of upper and lower cylinders. The impeller rotates at high speed in the whirl crushing chamber, and the whirl crushing chamber can also contain materials, forming a material lining. The material crushing process takes place in the whirl crushing chamber. The material lining separates the whirl crushing chamber wall, so that the crushing effect is limited to between materials, It plays the role of wear-resistant self lining. The observation hole is used to observe the wear of the wear block at the launch port of the impeller channel and the wear of the lining plate at the top of the whirl crushing chamber. The observation hole must be sealed tightly when the crusher is working. The distributor is fixed on the upper cylindrical section of the whirling crushing chamber. The impeller rotates at high speed to produce production flow, and an internal self circulation system is formed in the whirling crushing chamber through the distributor and the impeller.

4. Impeller: the impeller structure is a hollow cylinder made of special materials, which is installed on the shaft head at the upper end of the main shaft assembly Key connection Transmission button pitch, high-speed rotation, impeller Vertical impact crusher Key components of. The material enters the center of the impeller from the central feeding pipe of the distributor on the upper part of the impeller. The material is evenly distributed to each launching channel of the impeller by the distribution cone in the center of the impeller. At the outlet of the launching channel, a wear-resistant block made of special materials is installed and can be replaced. The impeller accelerates the material to 60-75m/s and ejects it, impacting the material lining in the whirl crushing chamber, and carrying out strong self crushing. The upper and lower flow passage plates are installed between the cone cap and the wear block to protect the impeller from wear.

5. Main shaft assembly: the main shaft assembly is installed on the base to transmit the power from the motor via the V-belt and support the rotating movement of the impeller. The spindle assembly is composed of Bearing pedestal , main shaft, bearing, etc.

6. Base: whirling crushing chamber, main shaft assembly Motor The transmission device is installed on the bottom seat. The structure of the base is in the shape of, and the middle part is Quadrangular prism Space, the center of the four prism space, is used to install the main shaft assembly, and the two sides form a discharge channel.

7. Support: according to Crusher Different workplaces - outdoor operation or indoor operation, support or no support can be considered.

8. Transmission device: single motor or double motor driven belt transmission mechanism (more than 75KW, double motor drive) is adopted. Two motors driven by two motors are installed on both sides of the main shaft assembly respectively. The belt pulley of two motors is adjacent to the belt pulley of the main shaft, so that the force on both sides of the main shaft is balanced without additional torque.

9. Lubrication system: Mobil vehicle grease Special centralized lubrication. The lubrication parts are the upper bearing and the lower bearing of the main shaft assembly. In order to facilitate oil filling, oil pipes are used to lead to the outside of the machine for regular oil filling of the oil pump.^[2]

technical parameter

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PCL

model	Maximum feeding (mm)	power (Kw)	Impeller speed (r/min)	Handling capacity (t/h)	Overall dimensions (mm)	weight (including motor) (T)
PCL-600	thirty	2×30	2000-3000	12-30	2800×Ф1550×2030	five point six
PCL-750	thirty-five	2×45	1500-2500	25-55	3300×Ф1800×2440	seven point three
PCL-900A	forty	2×55	1200-2000	55-100	3750×Ф2120×2660	twelve point one
PCL-900B	forty	2×75	1000-1450	65-130	3750×Ф2300×2090	thirteen point six
PCL-1050	forty-five	2×（90-110）	1000-1700	100-160	4480×Ф2450×3906	sixteen point nine
PCL-1250	forty-five	2×（132-180）	850-1450	160-300	4563×Ф2650×3716	twenty-two
PCL-1350	fifty	2×（180-220）	800-1193	200-360	5340×Ф2940×3650	twenty-six

structure characteristics

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Structural characteristics of vertical impact crusher

Vertical impact crusher The structural characteristics of the vertical impact crusher are introduced here Motor , transmission device, main shaft assembly, impeller, feed hopper, distributor, whirl crushing chamber, base, lubrication device, etc. In order to facilitate reading, his structure is introduced in small sections: ⑴ The transmission device (including the motor) adopts a belt transmission mechanism driven by two motors or a single motor. The two motors driven by two motors are installed on both sides of the main shaft assembly, and the two motors are used for the pulley Drive belt It is connected with the belt pulley of the main shaft to balance the forces on both sides of the main shaft without generating additional torque. However, the single motor driven spindle generates additional torque due to unilateral force. Generally, when the motor power is more than 55KW (single motor power), dual motor drive is recommended.

(2) Spindle assembly: the spindle assembly is installed on the base for transmission Motor Power transmitted by V-belt and rotary movement of supporting impeller. The spindle assembly is composed of Bearing pedestal , main shaft, bearing, etc.

⑶ Impeller: the impeller structure is a hollow cylinder, which is installed on the shaft head at the upper end of the main shaft assembly Key connection Transmit torque and rotate at high speed. The impeller is PL Vertical impact crusher Key components of. Mineral raw materials enter the center of the impeller through the central feeding pipe of the distributor on the upper part of the impeller. The material is evenly distributed by the distribution cone in the center of the impeller to each launching stream of the impeller, and the launching channel outlet is installed with wear-resistant blocks made of special materials. The wear-resistant blocks can be replaced after wear. The impeller accelerates the material to a speed of 70~100m/s and ejects it, impacting the ore bed in the whirling crushing chamber for strong self crushing.

(4) Feed hopper: the feed hopper is an inverted pyramid structure, and the feed inlet is equipped with wear rings. The incoming materials from the feeding equipment enter the crusher through the feed hopper.

(5) Distributor: the distributor is installed at the upper part of the whirl crushing chamber, and its function is to divide the incoming materials of the feed hopper, so that some materials will enter the impeller directly from the central feeding pipe and be gradually accelerated to a higher speed for ejection, so that some materials will enter the outer side of the impeller in the whirl crushing chamber from the outer side of the central pipe and bypass, and be impacted and crushed by high-speed materials ejected from the impeller, Do not increase kinetic energy consumption, increase production capacity and improve crushing effect.

(6) Vortex crushing chamber: the structure of the vortex crushing chamber is an annular space composed of upper and lower cylinders. The upper and lower cover plates of the lower cylinder are provided with two holes, the upper part is connected with the cylinder, and the lower part is connected with the discharge port. The impeller rotates at high speed in the whirl crushing chamber, and the whirl crushing chamber can also contain materials, forming a material bed. The material crushing process occurs in the whirl crushing chamber. The ore bed separates the crushing action from the whirl crushing chamber wall, so that the crushing action is limited between materials, and plays the role of wear-resistant self lining. An observation hole is set on the cover plate of the upper cylinder to observe the wear of the wear block at the launching port of the impeller channel and the wear of the lining plate at the top of the whirl crushing chamber. The observation hole must be closed tightly when the crusher is working. The distributor is fixed on the upper cylindrical section of the whirling crushing chamber. The airflow generated by the high-speed rotation of the impeller forms an internal airflow self circulation system through the distributor and the impeller in the whirling crushing chamber.

(7) Base: the whirling crushing chamber, main shaft assembly, motor and transmission device are all installed on the base. The middle of the base is a quadrangular space for installing the main shaft assembly, and a discharge channel is formed on both sides of the quadrangular space. The double motors are installed at the longitudinal ends of the base, and the base can be installed on the support or directly on the foundation.

(8) Support: according to the different working places of the crusher - outdoor operation or indoor operation, users can consider configuring support or not.

⑼ lubrication system : Adopted Molybdenum disulfide Dry oil lubrication The lubricating parts are the upper bearing and the lower bearing of the main shaft assembly. In order to facilitate oil filling, this machine uses oil pipes to lead the oil cup to the outside of the machine Dry oil pump Refuel regularly. The factors affecting the production capacity of impact crusher are roughly understood.

Scope of application

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⒈ River pebble , rock (limestone, granite, basalt, diabase, andesite, etc.), ore tailings Stone chip Artificial sand.

2. Building aggregate, road fabric, cushion material asphalt concrete and cement concrete Aggregate production.

3. Water conservancy, hydropower high-class highway , highway, high-speed railway, passenger dedicated line, bridge, airport runway, municipal engineering, and stone shaping of high-rise buildings.

4. Fine crushing process in front of grinding in mining field, and material crushing in building materials, metallurgy, chemical industry, mining, refractory, cement, abrasive and other industries.

5. High abrasiveness and secondary disintegration, desulfurization in thermal power and metallurgical industries, slag 、 Construction waste Crushing and other environmental protection projects.

6. Glass Quartz sand And other high-purity materials.

advantage

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1. Advanced technology, high efficiency and energy saving, large crushing ratio;

2. The wearing parts of the crusher have high wear resistance and can save the use cost;

3. The impact damage maintenance is simple and convenient, saving time;

4、 Impact crusher Reduce the damage probability of the machine;

5. The universal problem that the motor frame is easy to break is solved.^[4]

influence factor

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Generally speaking, there are many factors that affect the production capacity of impact crusher. In general, there are five factors. I will describe these five factors and propose corresponding solutions.

1. Material hardness: the harder the material is, the more difficult it is to make sand, and the more serious the abrasion on the impact crusher is. The sand making speed is slow and the capacity is low. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the selection of materials.^[5]

2. Material composition: the more fine powder contained in the material in front of the impact crusher, the more affected the sand making, because these fine powder are easy to adhere and affect the transportation. Therefore, the materials with a large amount of fine powder should be screened in advance. The fine powder shall be screened out from the materials as far as possible so as not to affect the normal operation of the impact crusher.

3. The fineness of materials after crushing by impact crusher: the fineness is required to be high, that is, the finer the materials produced by sand making, the smaller the sand making capacity. This aspect depends on specific requirements. If there are no special requirements, the fineness of materials is generally set to medium fine.

4. Material viscosity: the greater the material viscosity, the easier it is to adhere. Materials with high viscosity Impact crusher It will adhere to the inner wall of the sand making chamber. If it cannot be cleaned in time, it will affect the working efficiency of the impact crusher, and may also affect Vertical crusher Is working properly. Therefore, when selecting materials, be sure to pay attention to the fact that the viscosity of materials is not too high.

5. Humidity of materials: that is, when there is a large amount of water in the materials, the materials are easy to adhere in the vertical crusher, and also easy to cause blockage in the process of blanking and conveying, resulting in reduced sand making capacity. To solve this problem, the humidity of materials should be strictly controlled when selecting materials. If the humidity of selected materials is too high, sunlight or air drying can be used to reduce the percentage of moisture in materials.^[2]

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