Endoanal phylum,Animal kingdomA phylum ofPseudocoeloma。No hard exoskeleton.There are about 70 species in 13 genera of 3 families in the world, and 5 species have been found in China.
It is the lower third germ layerPseudocoeloma。The body is composed of calyx and stalk.Calyx is the main part of the body, with a ring of short tentacles on its upper edge, and cilia on the inner side of the tentacles.When feeding, the tentacles are unfolded in a flower shape, and when evading the enemy, they are bent inward.The digestive tube is U-shaped.Most are dioecious;Trochlear larva；feasibleBudding reproduction, generating groups.All of them live in coastal shallow water except for lake calyx insects, which live in fresh water.It is often fixed on algae or other animals.Monomer or group.There are about 3 families, 13 genera and 70 species in the world: Loxosomatidae, Pedicellinidae and Urnatellidae[1]
Arthropodae(Loxomatidae): such as Arthropoda italica.
Seaflower Family(Pedicellinidae): such as Barentsia.
Arthropodae(Urnatellidae): such as arthropod.
The body consists of a calyx and a handle. The calyx is slightly flattened, with the concave side of the abdomen and the convex side of the back.The free edge of the calyx has a round or oval tentacle ring.The stalk is the extension of the calyx, and the branched stolon lies on the substrate.There is a lot of diffusion in the prosthesis cavityAmoeba cellandMesenchymal cell。It is dioecious, and a few are hermaphrodite.The larvae are of the trochlear type.Endoanal species can produce new populations by budding.StenocephalidaeThe bud grows from the stolon.
The internal anal phylum is divided into two major categories: monomer and group, with the size generally not more than 5mm.All camp fixed life.Most of them are unable to move.onlyLake CalyxThey live in fresh water, while others live in shallow water on the seashore.
This phylum is a sessile aquatic animal with tentacle ring, cilia on tentacle, mouth and anus in tentacle ring.Formerly includedBryozoanHowever, the internal anal animals are pseudocoeloms, which are obviously different from the bryozoans with specific coeloms.
The internal anal animals are mainly marine products, single or group.The body is small, 2-3mm, differentiated into calyx and supporting stem.The stems of population species have creeping creeping roots, such as Pedicellina（Sea flower handle）。It is often fixed on algae or other animals.No fossil is reported.
Animal kingdom1 phylum ofPseudocoeloma。The end of the body is provided with a tentacle ring, and the mouth and anus are both opened in the tentacle ring;There is a primary kidney, and the clearing tube is U-shaped, without hard exoskeleton.Camp fixed life.There are about 70 species in 13 genera of 3 families in the world, and 5 species have been found in China.
Morphological structure
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The body is composed of calyx and handle.The calyx is slightly flat on the side, perpendicular or slightly oblique to the handle, the concave side (i.e. free edge) is the abdomen, and the convex side (i.e. attachment surface of the handle) is the back.There is a round or oval tentacle ring on the free edge of the calyx, the distance between tentacles is uniform, and there are cilia on the inner edge.Calyx appearance and back smooth, or back has chitin thickening part.The stalk is an extension of the calyx, and there is no septum at the junction with the calyx, or there is an incomplete septum.The animal or the mucus secreted by the foot gland at the base of the stalk sticks to the external object, or the branched stolon from the base of the stalk crawls on the substrate (see figure).Phylum Entoprocta
The body wall is mainly composed of keratin epidermis, cellular epithelium, muscle fibers and mesenchyme.The pseudocoelom is filled with the inner spaces of tentacles, stems and stolons, and the spaces between the body wall and the digestive tube. Many amoeba cells and mesenchymal cells are scattered in the cavity.The digestive tube is U-shaped, and the mouth and anus are just inside the tentacle of the free edge of the calyx.The concave part of the mouth and anus is the preoral cavity;The preoral cavity between the genital foramen and anus is the spawning chamber.The main ganglion is composed of nerve cells and nerve fibers, which is located in the abdomen of the stomach, between the stomach and the cavity wall of the preoral cavity.Sensory organs are only some tactile cells.The original kidney consists of a pair of large fireball cells, located in the stomach abdomen between the esophagus and the main ganglion.
It is dioecious, and a few are hermaphrodite.There is a pair of gonads, located in the body cavity, at the end of the intestine, opening in the genital aperture.The fertilized eggs are kept in the egg rearing room, and the larvae are of trochlear type.Larval meridianMetamorphosisBecome an adult.
Endoanal species can produce new populations by budding.The budding area of Curvularidae is located on both sides of the mouth end of the calyx. After the formation of the bud, it leaves the mother body and attaches to the foreign object by the foot gland to form a new individual.The buds of the family Stematocalyxaceae grow from stolons and have no relationship with the calyx. The new individuals that grow from the buds are part of the parent population.When the conditions are not suitable, the internal anal can make the calyx degenerate and fall off.Only the stalk and stolon are retained, and the calyx can grow again when the conditions are suitable.
Life habits
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The internal anal phylum is divided into two major categories: monomer and group, both of which are engaged in fixed life.All of them have no ability to move except for the individual Qu worms.Only Calyx paliurus lives in fresh water, while others live in shallow water on the seashore and are usually fixed on algae, helminths, shells, hydras and bryozoans.No matter haplotype or group type, the size generally does not exceed 5mm.
Endoanal animals can be divided into curculidae, stylolyporidae, and Loxocalyyporidae according to their lifestyle, stalk structure, attachment mechanism, and budding mode.
