Cotton cloth is a kind of cotton yarnWoven ；Different varieties are derived due to different tissue specifications and different post-processing methods.
Cotton cloth is soft, comfortable, warm, hygroscopic, breathable and easy to wearDyeing and finishingBecause of its natural characteristics, it has long been loved by people and has become an indispensable basic article in life.
characteristic
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The main characteristics are as follows:
(1) With goodHygroscopicityandAir permeability, comfortable to wear;(2) Soft feel, soft gloss, simple;(3) Good warmth retention,WearabilityExcellent;(4) Good dyeing property, bright color, complete chromatography, butColor fastnessNot good enough;(5) Alkali resistant, acid resistant, concentratedAlkali treatmentCan make the fabricFiber sectionRounding to improve the luster of the fabric, i.eMercerizing（6）LightfastnessGood, but long-term exposure will cause fading and strength reduction;(7) Poor elasticity, easy to produce wrinkles and creases are not easy to recover;(8) Pure cotton fabrics are prone to mildew and deterioration, but resistant to moth damage.
production
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cotton ManufacturingIncluding spinning, weaving anddyeing and finishingThree itemsProcessSpinning and weaving is the process of processing textile fibers into yarns and fabrics by mechanical methods, while dyeing and finishing is the process of reprocessing fiber products by chemical methods and some physical and mechanical methods. Through finishing, the wearability and appearance of fibers and their products can be improved.
purpose
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Cotton cloth is used in people's daily lifenecessityIt has a wide range of applications in people's clothing, bedding, indoor products, interior decoration and other aspects, and also has a wide range of applications in packaging, industry, medical, military and other aspects.
Advantages and disadvantages
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advantage
It is easy to keep warm, soft and close fitting, with good moisture absorption and breathability.
shortcoming
It is easy to shrink and wrinkle. It is not neat and beautiful in appearance, and must be ironed frequently when wearing.
Yarn density is the same or similar.According to the thickness of warp and weft yarns used, it can be divided into coarse plain cloth, medium plain cloth and fine plain cloth.
The general specification is: C 32X32 68X68
(1) Coarse plain cloth, also called coarse cloth, is mostly made of pure cotton coarse tex yarn.It is characterized by rough and thick cloth body and cloth surfaceNep impurityMore, firm and durable.The market coarse cloth is mainly used as garment lining.In mountainous areas, rural areas and coastal fishing villages, market sold coarse cloth is also used to make shirts and quilts.After dyeing, it can be used for shirts and pants.
(2) Zhongping cloth, also known as city cloth, is also known as white market cloth, which is used in ZhongteCotton yarnorviscose Yarn, cotton viscose yarnPolyester cotton yarnEtc.It is characterized by tight structure, smooth and plump cloth surface, firm texture and hard handle.Commercial plain cloth is mainly used forLining, lining cloth can also be used as shirt pantssheetsOf.Used mostly as bleached cloth, colored cloth, and patterned clothgrey。It can be used as clothing fabric after processing.
(3) Fine plain cloth, also called fine cloth, is woven with fine cotton yarn, viscose yarn, cotton viscose yarn, polyester cotton yarn, etc.It is characterized by fine, clean and soft cloth body, light and compact texture, and less impurities on the cloth surface.Fine cloth sold in the market is mainly used as plain cloth.Fine cloth is mostly used as grey cloth for bleached cloth, colored cloth and patterned cloth.After processing, it can be used as underwear, pants, summer coatsmockAnd other fabrics.
Poplin
cotton
PoplinThis fabric is also usedPlain weaveWoven.Different from plain clothClassics densityAndWeft densityThe ratio is generally 1.8~2.2:1.As the warp density is obviously greater than the weft density, the fabric surface is formed bythe warpDiamond grain formed by convex part.Poplin fabric is usually made of pure cotton or polyester cotton fine tex yarn.According to the different yarns used, it can be divided into yarn poplin, half thread poplin (for warp directionStrand）, thread poplin (ply yarn is used in both warp and weft directions).According to different spinning projects, it can be divided into ordinary poplin andcombingPoplin.There are hidden stripes according to weaving patternsImplicit latticePoplin, satin stripe satin check poplin,Jacquard poplin, color barColor latticePoplin, shiny poplin, etc.According to the printing and dyeing of plain poplin, there are bleached poplin, variegated poplin and printed poplin.All kinds of poplin fabrics are characterized by clean and smooth surface, fine texture, full grain, soft luster, soft and smooth feel, etc.Poplin is a main variety of cotton cloth, which is mainly used for shirts, summer clothes and daily clothes.
The usual specification is: C 40X40 133X72
cambric
cotton
cambricUsually plainChange OrganizationInweft rib weaves It is also woven with other changes.It is made of fine cotton yarn or polyester cotton yarn, and warp yarntwistthanweftHigh, the twist of warp yarn is higher than that of ordinary plain cloth, so that the fabric hasLinen fabricThat's a cool feature.The surface of the fabric presents longitudinal stripes of varying width.This material is light and thin, with clear stripes, cool and breathable, and comfortable to wear.Bleaching, dyeing, printingYarn dyed fabric、jacquard weaveEtc.Used as summer shirts, children's clothes, skirts and other fabrics.
twill
twillUsually 2/1↖The fabric is woven with obvious twill lines on the front and fuzzy on the back.Both longitude and latitudeSingle yarnThe linear density is close, and the warp density is slightly higher than the weft density.The fine twill cloth woven with fine tex yarn is called fine twill cloth, and the coarse twill cloth woven with medium tex yarn is called coarse twill cloth.The raw materials used are pure cotton, viscose fiber, polyester cotton, etc.The twill fabric is compact and thick, and soft to the touch.It is sold in a small amount, mainly for quilt lining and underwear.Most of them are processed into colored cloth and patterned cloth.Colored denim is used for uniformsAthletic WearFabric and clothingClip inside。Flower twill is used for women's and children's clothing.Big flower slant can be used as quilt cover.
The usual specifications are: C 40X40 133X72 2/1
Khaki
KhakisystemTwill weaveTextile.The varieties are classified according to the warp and weft yarns used, includingLine card(both longitude and latitude use strands)Half line card(warp ply, weft single yarn) andtwill (single warp and weft).Line card adopts 2/2↗It is woven with obvious twill lines on the front and back, also known as double-sided card.3/1 for half line card↗Weaving.3/1 for gauze card↖Weaving.Half thread card and gauze card are single-sided cards.The raw materials used by khaki mainly include pure cotton, polyester cotton, etc.The structure of this fabric is compact and thick, with obvious lines, and it is firm and durable.After dyeing, it is mainly used for spring, autumn and winter clothing fabrics, windbreaker and raincoat fabrics.The gauze card is mostly used for coat andcoverallFabric.
The usual specifications are: C 40X40 133X72 2/2
Serge
SergeIt is also woven with twill weave.According to the different materials used in the warp and weft directions, it can be divided into yarn serge (both warp and weft use single yarn) and thread serge (warp ply yarn, weft single yarn).The former uses 2/2↖，The latter uses 2/2↗。Serge is better than similar varieties of khakiGabardineThe structure is loose, and the yarn serge is softer than the thread serge.This kind of fabric has opposite twills on the front and back, thick texture and soft hand feel.The main raw materials used are pure cotton, cotton viscose and viscose fiber.Serge is mostly used as bleached and dyed grey cloth, and after dyeing, it is used as cloth for men's and women's clothing and children's hats.Yarn serge is also used for printing.After processing, it can be used as clothing for women and children.
Gabardine
GabardineIt is also woven with twill weave.Its feature is that the density of warp is about twice as large as that of weft, so the dip angle of twill is large.The fabric is less compact than khaki and more compact than serge.The cloth is more crisp than serge, but not as thick as khaki.According to the different materials used in the warp and weft directions, it is divided into yarn gabardine (single yarn is used in both warp and weft directions), half yarn gabardine (ply yarn is used in the warp direction and single yarn is used in the weft direction), and full yarn gabardine (ply yarn is used in both warp and weft directions), but both of them use 2/2↗Organization.The raw materials used for this fabric include pure cotton, cotton viscose, cotton and polyester cotton.The texture of the fabric is clear, thick and glossy.The dyed fabric is used as a cloth for men's and women's clothing in spring, autumn and winter.
Horizontal tribute
Horizontal tributeAlso called horizontal satin, it is used for tyingWeft satinWeaving.Its characteristic is that the ratio of weft density to warp density is about 5:3.Therefore, the surface of the fabric is mostly covered by the weft yarn.All cotton warp and weft yarns are combed.The surface of the fabric is smooth, soft, shiny and compact.Dyeing horizontal tribute is mainly used for womenChildren's WearFabric with printed horizontal tribute for women and childrenClothing fabricIn addition, it is also used as a quilt cover, quilt cover, etc
Labor cloth
Labor cloth is also called sturdy clothDenim。Most by 2/1↖Weaving.It is characterized byPure cotton yarn, cotton yarn, etc.Warp dyeing and weft are mostly white yarns, so the fabric has different colors on the front and back, with warp color on the front and weft color on the back.According to the different materials used in warp and weft, it can be divided into yarn labor cloth (single yarn for both warp and weft), half thread labor cloth (single yarn for both warp and weft), and full thread labor cloth (single yarn for both warp and weft).Labor cloth is generally uniformShrink proof finishing。This kind of fabric has clear lines, tight texture, firm and firm feel.It is mainly used as work clothes and protective clothing in the factory, especially suitable for productionJeans, women's dresses and all kinds of children's clothes.
oxford
oxford The weft is flattened orSquareWeaving.Its characteristics are that one of the warp and weft yarns is polyester cotton yarn, the other is pure cotton yarn, and the weft yarn is combed;Fine warp and coarse weft are adopted, and the weft count is generally about 3 times that of warp, and polyester cotton yarn is dyed into colored yarn, and pure cotton yarn is bleached.The fabric is soft in color, soft in body, good in permeability, comfortable to wear, and has a two-color effect.Mainly used for shirts, sportswear, pajamas and other fabrics.
chambrayIt's made of plain weavePure cotton fabricIn general, the linear density of warp and weft yarns is the sameDensity of longitude and latitudeApproach.The main characteristics are that one of the warp and weft yarns uses dyed yarn and the other uses bleached yarn (colored warp and weft bleaching or colored weft and weft bleaching), and the cloth surface has a two-color effect.The fabric is harmonious in color, light in texture, smooth and soft.Mainly used for shirts, underwear fabrics and quilt covers
cotton suiting
Thread isYarn dyed fabricOne of the main varieties in, similar in appearancewoolen cloth。According to the materials used in warp and weft directions, there are full yarn (ply yarn is used in warp and weft directions) and half yarn (ply yarn is used in warp direction and single yarn is used in weft direction);According to the object of use, there are male thread and female thread.The raw materials used for yarn are pure cotton, polyester cottonvinylon and cotton blend, polyester viscose, polyester nitrile, etc.The warp and weft yarns used for weaving woolen cloth are of monochrome ply yarn, pattern ply yarn,Fancy twistIt also has mixed yarn.AdoptedFabric weaveIt is useful for the three original organizations and their change organizations, for the joint organizations, and also for theJacquard weaveOf.With the change of yarn and fabric structure with different colors, raw materials and structures, we can design and weave products with various colors, patterns and styles.Men's tweedRepresentativenessThe products arepalace、Breeches, silk fabrics, recreational fabrics, wrinkles, etc;The representative varieties of women's tweed have a patternTweed, tweed, jacquard, silk lined tweedKnotLinen, etc.LinensFabric Handle It is thick, firm in texture and strong in shape.It is mainly used as the material for all kinds of coats or trousers in spring, autumn and winter.cotton suitingshrinkageQuite large.
Velveteen
Velveteenalso calledMercerizingVelveteenpile weave Woven cotton fabric.Its characteristics are that combed double ply yarn is used in warp direction and single yarn is used in weft direction.According to the processing method, it can be divided into warp pile and weft pile, the former is called cuttingWarp velveteenThe latter is called weft cutting velveteen.Woven fabricPremenstrualSoda rollingVelvet cuttingAnd then carry out a series of processes of dyeing or printing to form a finished product.woven velvet It has the characteristics of plump and smooth down, thick texture, soft luster, soft feel, good warmth retention, wear resistance, and not easy to wrinkle.It is mainly used for women's clothing, shoes and hats in spring, autumn and winter.
corduroy
corduroyYesFuzzingIt is woven.Because of learning to use the weft raising method, the surface velvet strips look like stripsRushes, so it is called corduroy.According to the materials used, it can be divided into full yarn corduroy (single yarn is used for both warp and weft), half yarn corduroy (ply yarn is used for warp and single yarn is used for weft) and full yarn corduroy (ply yarn is used for both warp and weft).The raw materials used are pure cotton, polyester cottonSpandex core spun yarnEtc.According to the processing technology, there are different varieties of dyeing, printing, yarn dyed, jacquard, etc.According to the number of cords in each 2.54cm (1 inch) wide fabric, it can be divided into extra fine corduroy (≥ 19 cords), fine corduroy (15-19 cords), medium corduroy (9-14 cords), thick corduroy (6-8 cords) and wide corduroy (<6 cords).The velvet strip of this fabric is plump, thick, wear-resistant and durable, and has good warmth retention.It is mainly used for men's and women's clothing, skirts, jeans, children's clothing, shoes and hats in spring, autumn and winter.
flannelette
flanneletteIt is a fabric with fluffy fluff after being brushed by a flanneling machine. It is usually woven by plain weave or twill weave.Its characteristics are that the weft yarn used in the fabric is thick and the warp yarn is thin. The characteristics of the weft yarn are generally about twice as many as those of the warp yarn, and some of them are several times as many. The raw materials used in the weft yarn are pure cotton, polyester cottonacrylic fibres。There are many varieties of flannelette, which can be divided into plain cloth velvet, serge velvet and twill velvet according to the fabric structure, and can be divided into flannelette according to the textureSingle-sided velvetandDouble faced velvet, according to the fabric thicknessThick velvetandThin velvetAccording to the printing and dyeing processing methods, it can be divided into bleached velvet, variegated velvet, printed velvet and yarn dyed velvet.Yarn dyed velvet is divided into different stylesCorduroy, plaid, color plaid, sesame, straight stripe, etc.The flannelette is soft, warm, hygroscopic and comfortable to wear.It is mainly used for men's and women's winter shirts, pants, children's clothing, linings, etc.
Crepe
Crepealso calledcrapeIt is a thin plain grain with uniform longitudinal wrinklesCotton fabric。Its characteristics are that ordinary cotton yarn is used in the warp direction, and strong twist yarn is used in the weft direction. The warp density of the fabric is greater than the weft density. After being woven into grey fabric, loose dyeing and finishing process makes the weft shrinkage about 30%, thus forming uniform wrinkles.The raw materials used are pure cotton or polyester cotton.The creped fabric can be further processed into bleached, variegated or printed fabrics.Crepe fabric is light and thin, with natural and lasting wrinkles,FlexibleIt feels cool, soft and comfortable to wear.Mainly used for various shirts, skirt materialsPajamas、bathrobe, children's shirts and skirts, etc.
Seersucker
SeersuckerIt is a kind of thin pure cotton orPolyester cotton fabric。It is characterized by the use of chemical orWeaving technologyForming bubbles on the surface of the fabric.According to the principle of forming bubbles, seersuckers are mainly divided into printed and dyed seersuckers and yarn dyed seersuckers.The former usessodium hydroxideShrinkage effect on cotton fiberLyeApply to the surface of the fabric according to the design requirements, so that the surface of the fabric affected by alkali and not affected by alkali will produce bubbles due to the difference in shrinkage.If polyester and cotton warp or weft yarns are used for weaving, two kinds of fibers can be used under the action of alkaliShrinkageThe difference can also form bubbles.The latter uses two types of warp yarns, ground warp yarn and bubble warp yarn. The bubble warp yarn is thick and has excessive let off to form bubbles in the bubble warp part.According to the different materials used, seersucker is divided into single yarn seersucker and half yarn seersucker (warp direction is ply yarn, weft direction is single yarn).Some yarn dyed seersuckers are half thread seersuckers.Printed and dyed seersucker Colored seersucker.The seersucker has a unique appearance,Stereoscopic feelingStrong, light and thin, not fit, cool and comfortable, no need to iron after washing.It is mainly used for women's and children's summer clothes, skirts, pajamas, etc.
Plaid cloth
Plaid clothIt is the main road variety of yarn dyed fabrics, and the patterns are mostly stripes and lattices.It is characterized by that the warp and weft yarns are arranged at intervals with two or more colors, and are mostly woven with plain weave, or small patternsHoneycomb tissueorLeno tissueWoven.If warp yarn is made of two or more colors, color stripe or color stripe will be obtained;Two or more colors are used for warp and weft, and the color grid or color grid is obtained.Raw materials include pure cotton, polyester cotton, cotton, etc.It can be divided into dark striped cloth, dark checkered cloth, light striped cloth and light colored checkered cloth according to stripe type, pattern type and color depth.Most of the deep line plaids are full yarn fabrics, and a few are full yarn fabrics.There are also colored stripe grid diagonal (woven with twill weave), serge stripe grid and inlaid line grid (inlaid at the edge of the stripe gridChromatic line）Etc.The texture of the plaid cloth is light and smooth, the plaid is clear, the cloth surface is flat, and the color matching is coordinated.Mainly used for summer clothes and underwearshirt and pants, winter clothing lining, shoes and hats lining, etc.The shrinkage rate of pure cotton plaid is relatively large.
Leno
Lenoalso calledMeshIt is a kind of perforated fabric woven with leno weave.It is characterized by the interweaving of ground warp and twist warp with a set of weft, and is often woven with fine yarns and low density.The raw materials used are usually pure cotton, polyester cotton and various chemical fibers.According to different processing, it can be divided into colored leno, bleached leno, printed leno, yarn dyed leno, jacquard leno, etc.Leno fabricGood air permeability, clear yarn holes, smooth cloth surface, and cool cloth body.It is mainly used as summer clothing, shawls, mosquito nets, etc.
Glass yarn
Glass yarnalso calledBarry yarn。It is a thin transparent fabric woven with plain weave.Its feature is that both warp and weft adopt fine combingStrong twistYarn, the density of warp and weft in the fabric is relatively small, because of "thin", "thin", and strong twist, the fabric is thin and transparent.All raw materials are pure cotton and polyester cotton.The warp and weft yarns in the fabric are either single yarns or ply yarns.According to different processing, glass yarn includes dyed glass yarn, bleached glass yarn, printed glass yarnYarn dyed jacquardGlass yarn, etc.The glass yarn fabric is thin in texture, feels very comfortable, has clear holes, and is transparent and breathable
Washing method
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1. It can be washed by hand or machine at ordinary times, using alkaline detergent.
2. The washing temperature depends on the color of the cotton cloth. Generally, the optimal water temperature is 40~50 ℃. The water temperature should not be too high for brightly colored or dark colored products,Washing timeIt should not be too long to avoid fading.White sweat free cotton cloth can be boiled and washed.Cotton products with sweat stains are not easy to wash at high temperature to avoidproteinSolidified and adhered to the fiber, resulting inYellow spot。
threecottonIf it is stained with paint, it shall be used firstkeroseneorturpentineWipe until the stain is removed, and then wash the clothes.
4. VentilationshadeCotton products should not be exposed to the sun.
5. When ironing, spray proper amount of moisture to make it easy to iron.
Tips to prevent fading
◎ Salt is used when dyeing cotton clothFixative, in order to prevent fading, the newly bought colorful or dark cotton cloth can be added with salt orvinegarSoak and dry in the shade to keep the color of cotton cloth lasting.
◎ If washedHigh quality cottonA small amount of product can be added in wateralumIt can also avoid or reduce fading.
Discrimination mode
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The appearance of artificial cotton cloth is very similar to that of cotton cloth, and the difference methods are mainly as follows:
1. Finish: artificial cotton cloth with flat surface,defect Few, no impurities, fine and smooth;However, cotton husks and impurities can be seen on the surface of cotton cloth, which is not as smooth as man-made cotton cloth.
3. Hand feeling: no matter how thick or thin the fabric is, most of the man-made cotton fabrics have a soft hand feeling, while cotton fabrics have a slightly rough and hard feel.
4. Color: The luster and color of artificial cotton cloth are both good. Compared with cotton cloth, artificial cotton cloth is more bright and beautiful.
5. Wrinkle: artificial cotton cloth is easy to wrinkle. When you hold a handful of cloth with your hand and spread it, many wrinkles will appear, and it is not easy to recover in time. Although cotton cloth has wrinkles, it is slightly more than artificial cotton.
6、Drapability: The drapability of artificial cotton is better than that of cotton cloth.
7. Strength: the strength of rayon cloth is lower than that of cotton cloth. Especially in wet environment, the fastness of rayon cloth is poor. When drawing from the selvage, the rayon cloth is easier to break than cotton silk. Therefore, the texture of rayon cloth is mostly thicker, without pure cottoncambricIt's so flimsy.
Stacking method
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Figure 1 Error Method
First of all, there should be a large and spacious warehouse. If the warehouse is very small, it can't be stacked in any way（A clever daughter-in-lawIt's hard to make bricks without straw.) Next, we should distinguish according to the types of fabrics, such as knitted fabrics andTattingThe fabrics should be distinguished because knitted fabrics are soft in rolls, while woven fabrics are straight in rolls, and the fabric materials are classified,CottonThe cloth is separated,polyester cottonCloth and fiber cloth are divided into three parts.
1. The wrong stacking method is as shown in Figure 1, which is not conducive to ventilation. If it is stored for a long time, the middle part will become moldy, and spots will appear on the cotton clothfastnessWhen you drop down, you can tear the cloth with your hands. Everyone knows that this kind of cloth becomes waste cloth.
2. The correct stacking method is shown in Figure 2, which is easy to manage. It is easy to see what materials you want. It is good for ventilation and fire prevention. The cotton cloth should be placed in a well ventilated place, such as the place closest to the door and window,DoorframeOne meter is a conventional door frame, 6 to 7 are rolled in a row, and the second layer is horizontally laid vertically, the number must be the same as the bottom, and the third layer is horizontally laid horizontally, the number is the same, and so on.
