Charger（battery charger）As per design circuitworking frequency It can be divided into power frequency machine andHigh frequency machine。The power frequency machine is designed based on the traditional analog circuit principlecapacitorAnd so on) are relatively large, generally when the load is relatively largeRuntimeThere is a small noise, but this model is in the harsh power gridenvironment conditionMedium resistance, high reliability and stabilityHigh frequency machineStrong.
The high-frequency machine is based onmicroprocessor（CPUChip) as processingcontrol center, is to replace the complicated hardwareAnalog circuitBurn in the microprocessor tosoftware program To controlUPSOperation of.The size is greatly reduced, the weight is greatly reduced, the manufacturing cost is low, and the price is relatively low.The inverter frequency of high-frequency machine is generally above 20KHZ.However, the high frequency generator has poor tolerance under harsh power grid and environmental conditions, and is more suitable for environments with relatively stable power grid, less dust, and appropriate temperature/humidity.
Compared with power frequency machine, high-frequency machine is small in size, light in weight, high in operating efficiency (low in operating cost), low in noise, suitable for office space, cost-effective (low in price under the same power)environmental effectSmall. Relatively speaking, the high-frequency charger canLaser printerAnd motor induced shock (SPIKE) andTransient response(TRANSIENT) is vulnerable, because the transformer handle of power frequency machineMains electricityIt is isolated from the load and provides more safe and reliable protection than the high-frequency function under the harsh environment of the city power. In some occasions, such as medical treatment, the charger is required to have an isolation device. For industrial, medical, transportation and other applications, the power frequency machine is a better choice.The choice of the two should be considered according to the different customers, installation environment, load conditions and other conditions.
The characteristics of the power frequency machine are simple, and the existing problems are:
6. The input has no power factor correction, which causes serious pollution to the power grid;
7 The cost is high, especially for small capacity models, which cannot be compared with high-frequency machines.
Product Introduction
Charger
(Charger) charger realizes optimized Wsa+Pulse through microcomputer control technologyCharging characteristic curve，Charging currentIt will automatically decrease with the increase of battery charging voltage;Combined withPulse chargingMode, making the charging effect more ideal.Adopted capacityBalance principleIntelligently judge the sufficiency of the battery to ensure that the battery is sufficient - neither under charged nor under charged. Charging also has the dynamic tracking adjustment function of charging parameters and perfect protection function.
·The capacity balance principle is used to intelligently judge the adequacy of the storage battery;
·On the premise of ensuring sufficient battery power, it can minimize the internal temperature andOutgassing, effective extensionBattery packService life of charging and discharging cycle;
·Display battery voltage, power supply voltage, charging current, capacity, time and other parameter information, and fault code displays fault content;
·With open circuit, reverse connection fault protection and alarm functions;
All mobile phone chargers are actually composed ofStable power supply(Mainly stabilized power supply to provide stabilityworking voltage And sufficient current) plus necessary constant current, voltage limit, time limit, overshoot and other control circuits.
Original charger (refer toWire charging）Marked onOutput parametersFor example, the output of 4.4V/1A and 5.9V/400mA refer to that of the internal regulated power supplyRelated parameters。For example, 4.4V output can be used for 4.5V equipment, and 5.9V output can be used for 6V equipment.
Charging is an important step in using rechargeable batteries.Proper and reasonable charging is good for prolonging battery life, while improper charging will have a great impact on battery life.Lithium batteries are basically packaged separately according to each product, which is not common to each other. Therefore, each product also provides its own charging equipment, which is not common to each other. When using, just follow their own instructions.
For example, a 5 # nickel hydrogen batterycapacitanceThe quantity is 1200mAH, while the other section is 1600mAH.The capacitance of a battery is called 1C.When charging, when the charging current is less than 0.1C, it is called trickle charging.Trickle chargingIt can fully charge the battery, andNo harmBattery life, but it takes too long to use trickle charging, so it is seldom used alone, but combined with other charging methods.
When the charging current is between 0.1C-0.2C, it is called slow charging.Charging current greater than 0.2C, less than 0.8C isFast charging。When the charging current is greater than 0.8C, it is called excessHigh speed charging。
However, 1C is a logical concept rather thanabsolute valueTherefore, the fast charging and slow charging converted according to 1C is also aRelative valueFor example, 200mAH charging current is slow charging for 1200mAH batteries and fast charging for 700mAH batteries.
main products
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The charger can be divided into power frequency machine and high-frequency machine according to the working frequency of the designed circuit.
Power frequency type
Voltage diagram
1 The charger uses the microcomputer control technology and the capacity balance principle to intelligently judge the adequacy of the battery;
2 On the premise of ensuring sufficient battery power, the high brightness LED indicates the operation status of the charger;
3 Display battery voltage, power supply voltage, charging current, capacity, time and other parameter information, and fault code displays fault content;
4. It has open circuit, reverse connection fault protection and alarm functions;
5. It has overload, short circuit fault protection and alarm functions;
6. It has fault protection and alarm functions such as transformer overtemperature and module overtemperature;
7. It has automatic detection, delayed start and soft start functions;
8. It has the function of manual or automatic equalizing charging to ensure the consistency of the single capacity of the storage battery;
9. Full automatic initial charging function;
10. It has desulfurization charging function;
11. The charger automatically shuts down when the charging plug is pulled out during charging.
(2) The ambient medium temperature is not higher than+40 ℃ and not lower than - 10 ℃;
(3) The relative humidity of air is not more than 85% (when the medium temperature is 20 ℃± 5 ℃);
(4) Places without conductive dust;
(5) Environment without explosion hazard;
(6) Environment free of gas and steam that can corrode metal and insulation;
(7) In a place free from rain and snow;
(8) In the place where the vertical plane inclines no more than 5 degrees and there is no severe vibration and impact.
The power frequency machine is characterized by simplicity, and the existing problems are
1. Large size of input and output transformer;
2. The output filter used to eliminate high order harmonics is large in size;
3 The transformer and inductance produce audio noise;
4. Poor dynamic response performance to load and mains changes;
5. Low efficiency;
6. The input has no power factor correction, which causes serious pollution to the power grid;
7 The cost is high, especially for small capacity models, which cannot be compared with high-frequency machines.
High frequency type
High frequency machineYesmicroprocessor(CPU chip), as the processing control center, burns the complicated hardware analog circuits into the microprocessor to control the operation of UPS in the way of software program.The size is greatly reduced, the weight is greatly reduced, the manufacturing cost is low, and the price is relatively low.The inverter frequency of the high-frequency machine is generally above 20KHZ, but the withstand ability of the high-frequency machine is poor under the harsh power grid and environmental conditions, which is suitable for the environment where the power grid is relatively stable, there is less dust, and the temperature and humidity are appropriate.Compared with the power frequency machine, the high-frequency machine is small in size, light in weight, high in operating efficiency (low in operating cost), low in noise, suitable for office space, high in cost performance (low in price under the same power), and has little impact on space and environment. Because the transformer of the power frequency machine isolates the mains power from the load, the transformer of the power frequency machine has a bad impact on the mains power environment,The power frequency machine provides more safe and reliable protection than the high-frequency machine. In some occasions, such as medical treatment, the charger is required to have an isolation device.For industrial, medical, transportation and other applications, the power frequency machine is a better choice.
compare
1. The high-frequency machine is reliable, and the world famous charger manufacturers aremodel selectionAnd the futureDevelopment trendHigh frequency is the absolute main force in Shangdu, and high frequency machines are the main force in 30KVA and belowloadFast dynamic response,energy density High, small size, low noise and low price have a lot to do with it, especially the high-frequency machine can be used as inputActivepower factor Correction represents the development trend of green power in the future.
2. Most of the questions about the reliability of high-frequency machines are from domestic small charger manufacturers.Their own competitiveness is limited, so they cannot improve the performance of the fuselage due to the limitation of the development level in the process of developing the high-frequency machine, so they can only improve the power frequency machine on the basis of introducing the technology of Taiwan manufacturers in the late 1980s.An important point in the development from power frequency machine to high-frequency machine is the anti-interference problem of high-frequency switch control.
development
With the continuous development of technology, many computers and electric powerElectronic fieldThe new technology and new concept of.The charger has made remarkable progress with the previous products in terms of main performance, appearance and size, adaptability to the site environment and reliability. Some indicators are even qualitative leaps, especially for large and medium-sized chargers.
Maintenance methods
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1. Waterproof and moisture-proof.As an electronic product, careless water ingress or exposure to humid air when not in use for a long time will cause varying degrees of corrosion or oxidation to its internal electronic components.
2. Anti falling and shockproof.Mobile phone chargerIn fact, it is a fragile component, and the internal components can not withstand falling.In particular, it is necessary to prevent accidental landing during use.Do not drop, knock or shake the charger.Rough handling of the charger will damage the internal circuit board.
3. Intensity resistanceChemicals。Do not use strong chemicals, cleaning agents or strong detergents to clean the charger.Clear charger appearancestainA small amount of cotton can be dippedAbsolute alcoholScrub.
4. Discharge static electricity during cleaning.Clean the charger and charging interface regularly.When cleaning, use a wet cloth or a piece ofAntistatic cloth。Do not use dry cloth (electrostatic charge).
5. Protect against cold and heat.Do not place the charger in a place where the temperature is too high.High temperature will shortenelectronic deviceThe service life of the charger is destroyed, and some plastic parts are deformed or melted.Do not store the charger inSupercoolingThe place.When the charger works in a cold environment, moisture will form in the charger and damage the circuit board when the internal temperature rises.
matters needing attention
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memory effect
rechargeable batteryWhen the memory effect gradually accumulates, the actual capacity of the battery will be greatly reduced.To reduce the negative effect of memory effect, an effective way is to discharge.Generally speaking, becauseNickel cadmium batteryThe memory effect of is obvious. It is recommended to use 5-10After that, a discharge is made, andNickel metal hydride batteryIts memory effect is not obvious. It can be discharged after 20-30 times of repeated charging.
Nickel cadmium batteryAnd Ni MH batteryNominal voltageIt is 1.2V, but in fact, the battery voltage is a variable value. It fluctuates around 1.2V depending on whether the power is sufficient.Generally, it fluctuates between 1V and 1.4V, and the voltage fluctuation range of batteries of different brands is not completely consistent due to different processes.
To discharge the battery, a very smalldischarge current Make the battery voltage slowly drop to 0.9V-1V, and then stop discharging.Discharging the battery below 0.9V will cause excessive discharge, which will cause irreversible damage to the battery. Rechargeable batteries are not suitable for use in household appliances remote control, because the use current of the remote control is very small, and it is easy to cause excessive discharge if it is used in the remote control for a long time.After a correct discharge of the battery, the capacity of the battery will return to the original level. Therefore, when the capacity of the battery is found to have declined, it is better to make a discharge.
There is a simple way to discharge the battery by yourselfSmall electric beadAsloadHowever, an ammeter must be used to monitor the change of voltage value to prevent excessive discharge.
For selecting fast charger or slow chargerConstant current chargingIt mainly depends on what you useemphasis。For example, often go out to useDigital cameraAnd other equipment friends should choose fast charger.Do not takeMobile phone chargerKeep it under humid or high temperature conditions to reduce the service life of the mobile phone charger.
There will be some heating phenomenon during the process of the charger. Under normal room temperature, as long as it does not exceed 60centigradeNormal display will not damage the battery.Since the style and charging time of the mobile phone are different, it has nothing to do with the charging performance of the mobile phone charger.
