Credit loan refers to the loan issued with the borrower's reputation, and the borrower does not need to provide guarantee.Its characteristic is that the debtor does not need to provideCollateralOr the third party guarantees that the loan can be obtained only by its own reputation, and the borrower's credit degree is taken as the repayment guarantee.This kind of credit loan isBank of ChinaThe main way of lending for a long time.[1]
Due to the high risk of credit loans, it is generally necessary toeconomic performance, business management level, development prospects, etc., to reduce risks.
Credit loan business is mainly handled through banks, loan companies and electronic financial institutions.
Credit loan（Credit borrowings）It is booming in China.Although it is not a long time, all parties actively launched products to compete for the market.The credit loan of the loan company is about RMB 20000-300000, and the interest rate is 1.5% - 3%.Some of the loan companies are commonly known asUsurySuch products are characterized by high speed and flexible quota, but the cost is hidden inService ChargeIn terms of charging items, the actualLoan costMuch higher thanExternal publicityInterest rate.
Guarantee companyThe credit loan of is guaranteed by the guarantee companyBank loansThe mode of providing credit loans to customers.Generally, the maximum amount can reach 300000 yuan, and the expense mode is the interest of bank loans plus the guarantee fee of the guarantee company.Formal guarantee companies only charge a certain proportion of guarantee fees without interest, which is also a standard to distinguish whether a guarantee company is formal.P2P lending and wealth management platform, the amount is not too high, the speed is between the loan company and the bank, and the feature is that the loan procedures can be completed through the networkOnline bankingorAlipayBut the rate is uncertain.
General rules for loans
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As per《General rules for loans》The credit loan refers to the loan that is not guaranteed and only issued according to the borrower's credit status.When granting credit loans, the lender must strictly review and evaluate the borrower to confirm that its credit is capable of repayment.
The original General Principles of Loans even stipulated that "strictly control credit loans and actively promoteSecured loans”。Due to the high risk of credit loans, most financial institutions generallyeconomic performance、Operation managementLevel, development prospect, etc., to reduce risks.[2]
Loan application conditions
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Credit loan
First, enterprise customerscredit rating At least AA - (inclusive) or above, the provincial branches of state-owned commercial banks can issue credit loans after approval;
Third, the enterprise commitment is not effectiveOperating assetsSet mortgage (pledge) to others or provide external guarantee, or obtain the consent of the lending bank before handling mortgage (pledge) and providing external guarantee;
Government Credit Loans and TraditionalCommercial loansThere are essential differences.Government credit loans do not need toProjectBank by bankBusiness reviewInstead of providing specific material guarantees, local governments are regarded as a special class of customers for credit evaluation, which includes credit rating and creditDevelopment degreeEvaluationRisk limitAnd the governmentCredit line。development bankLoans andCommercial bank loansIn contrast, the loan term is long, the government can arrange funds in a long time, the repayment pressure is low, and the debt review and enterprise guarantee are exempted,Loan proceduresthancommercial bankSimplify loan procedures.
2. Provide stable proof of address,house rental agreement, water, electricity, gas payment form, property management and other relevant certificates.
3. Provide stable proof of income source, bank statement,Labor contractEtc.
4、Personal credit report, mainly used for various bank consumptionCredit business。along withSocial credit systemThe continuous improvement of,Credit reportWill be more widely used in various commercial credit salesCredit transactionAnd recruitment and job hunting.In addition, the personal credit report also provides the inquirer with a way to review and standardize his own credit history behavior, and formsPersonal credit informationVerification mechanism of.
1. First of all, you must have a valid ID card, provide a household register and have a completeCapacity for civil conduct；
2. He has a stable career and good income. If he receives his salary by bank transfer, he should also provide a running certificate of his salary card within half a year of the loan date;
3. The unmarried person shall submit the unmarried certificate, and the married person shall submit the relevant information of spouse and family members;
The above four items are the most basic information. Because each person applies for different institutions, each financial institution will appeal several basic conditions, and also have some relatively specific terms that meet their own institutions. Depending on the different conditions of the institutions, friends with loan needs are also invited to learn about the specific institutions you choose,If the above conditions are met, fill in the required form and submit it to the lender you choose. The next time is waiting.
The fundamental difference between credit loan and mortgage loan is that the former is a lending behavior determined by your social credit and financial situation.The latter is a lending behavior that uses your inherent assets as collateral. The risk faced by credit loan banks is the greatest. Generally, credit loans can be passed by those who have a certain position and income in well-known companies.
1. Have a legitimate occupation and a stable source of income (monthly wage income must be more than 1000 yuan), and have the ability to repay on scheduleLoan principal and interestAbility;
2. The borrower's unit must be an administrative, enterprise or public institution recognized by the bank and with good cooperative relationship with the bank, and must be approved by the bankPay on behalf；
Personal credit loanThe starting point of the line is 2000 yuan, and the loan amount does not exceed the borrower's monthly averageWage income6 times.
3、 Loan Term
The loan term of personal credit loan is less than 1 year (inclusive), and extension is generally not handledForce majeureIf the loan cannot be repaid on schedule due to reasons, it can be extended once with the consent of the lender, and the cumulative loan term shall not exceed 1 year.
4、 Loan interest rate
The loan interest rate shall be calculated according to the loan interest rate for the same period stipulated by the People's Bank of China.In case of interest rate adjustment during the loan period, it shall be calculated according to the contract interest rateSegmental interest accrual。If the loan term is less than 6 months, the interest shall be calculated at the six-month interest rate.
5、 Loan process
1. The borrower submits the following materials to the bank:
2. After the application materials submitted by the borrower are approved by the bank, both parties signLoan contract。
3. The bank grants loans to the borrower by means of transfer.
Institutional arrangements
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1. CreditDetermination of loan objects.
《Commercial Bank Law》It is clearly stipulated that credit loans shall not be granted to related parties.Only when the enterprise meets certain conditions can it obtain the bank'sloan on credit。The issuance of credit loans must meet six conditions at the same time: (1) The total amount of loans must not exceedOwner's equity；（2）Asset liability ratioLess than 50%;(3) The amount of goods paid to the bank reachesLoan turnover timesMore than 5 times,Average daily depositMaintain more than 10% of the loan amount;（4）Net cash flowAnd operating cash flow are greater than zero;(5) No bad credit record;（6）Tax riskIt is small.
twoDetermination of credit loan elements
(1) Determination of credit line.One is fromCash inflowTo determine: the maximum balance shall not be greater than 20% of the annual loan amount.Second, it is determined from the value of the mortgaged real estate rights: the maximum balance is not more than 30% - 40% of the value of the mortgaged real estate rights.Third, from the enterpriseOwn fundsThe maximum balance ≤Owner's equity1. Liabilities.
(2) CreditLoan TermDetermination of.Credit loans cannot be usedMedium and long-term loans, only forEnterprise working capitalThe short-term supplement is generally within 6 months.In principle, no credit loans will be granted to customers who have newly established credit relationships.
(3) Determination of credit loan interest rate.According to the principle of matching risk and income, the interest rate of credit loan should be higher than that of mortgage or guaranteeGuarantee modeThe loan interest rate of.GenerallyBenchmark interest rate floating upward20% - 30% master.
threeSupporting arrangements for credit loans
(1) Grasp the purpose of credit loan.The main purpose of issuing credit loans is to consolidate existing excellent customers and develop potential excellent customers, so it is necessary toCredit environment, loan management level, degree of competitionadaptive capacity of an enterpriseSelect a group of excellent customers to issue credit loans and strengthen the relationship between excellent customers and banksAdhesive force, promoteCredit structureAdjustment and optimization.
(3) Strictly authorize credit loans.To grant credit loans, we should treat them differently, adjust measures to local conditions, have a good regional credit environment, strict credit managementAccount ManagerHigh quality, strong business abilityCredit asset qualityExcellent branch offices and customer managers are granted certain authority.Establish risk at the same timeAccountability systemAnd strengthen constraints.
(4) Obtain support from government departments.It is suggested that the relevant government departments should further strengthen the construction of social credit, continue to resolutely crack down on evading bank debts and maliciously defaulting on bank principal and interest, and at the same time give certain credit loans to key key enterprises designated by the local governmentRisk compensationTo mobilize the enthusiasm of banks to issue credit loans and effectively solve the problem of SMEs' access tobank loansA difficult question.
4、 Related
Credit loan becomes a new typefinancing channel It is expanding rapidly.
personal credit
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As the name implies, credit loan is a loan granted based on the personal reputation of the loan applicant, and reputation is its best guarantee.This form of loan is favored by many young people because they do not need mortgage and guarantee. Because they often do not have much savings, credit loans have become their first choice.
Personal credit loanIn addition to the need for good personal reputation, what are the characteristics?
As people talk to individualscreditWith the improvement of cognition, banks are more and more willing to handle credit loans for customers, because the better the quality of personal reputation, the less the risk of bank lending.Therefore, many commercial banks follow closelyStandard Chartered Bank、CitibankLater, it also launched its own credit loan products.Cumulativedata display, no matter how the other conditions for applying to different banks change.personal creditIt is also the main factor affecting the loan interest rate, that is, banks are more willing to lend to customers with good personal reputation at a lower interest rate.
2、 Credit affects loan limit
In addition to the loan interest rate, the borrower is most concerned about the loan amount applied for.The maximum amount of credit loans is generally 500000 yuan, and the minimum amount is about 8000 yuan.Generally speaking, the maximum loan amount of credit loan products with low total interest is also relatively low.And good individualsCredit ratingIt will also allow banks to relax certain loan lines.
In terms of loan duration, personal credit loans are basicallyShort term borrowingsThe loan applicant can apply for repayment terms ranging from 6 months to 60 months, which can meet the consumption and repayment needs of different people,Loan TermThe length of time will affect the monthly repayment amount of the borrower. The longer the time, theMonthly paymentThe less, the less pressure.The loan applicant can choose the repayment period suitable for himself according to his actual situation.
Some banks have payroll card loans.That is, your salary is paid to the salary card through the bank, and you can apply for an individual in the bankUnsecured loan。
The bank statement loan does not require the bank statement of the designated bank, which can be provided by any bank.It is mainly required that the bank flow meet a certain period and the monthly income meet a certain amount.
You have a house loan, and you pay it on time every month. You can also provide the flow of the house loan contract and the house loan repayment account in some banks andLoan companyapplyUnsecured loan。
1. In terms of loan term, loan applicants can choose their own repayment term according to their actual conditions. In terms of loan term, loan applicants can choose their own repayment term according to their actual conditions.
2. OnSmall loan companyapplyUnsecured loan: For a few non compliant banksLoan conditionsYou can also try to find a regular borrowerCredit companyOr small amountLoan companyMake loans.But the borrower must determine the regularity of the loan company to prevent being cheated and causing economic losses to himself.
1. Personal work and income: When reviewing the qualification of loan applicants, banks will prefer groups with stable income.Therefore, if the borrower can provide more than half a year's bank payroll, it will be more helpful for the smooth handling of credit loans.
2. Individualfixed assets: Owning personal fixed assets such as real estate or cars indicates that the individual has certaineconomic baseAnd a certain repayment ability, which will generally be highercredit rating。
threePersonal credit record: Personal credit record is an important factor for the bank to rate the borrower's credit. The bank will consider the borrower's loan record and the use of credit cards, including whether the loan is repaid in time and in full.
