Computers are widely introduced information processing technology Since then, the standardized expression of information has often been expressed with abstract symbols such as numbers and characters, because computers can process these abstract symbols more economically, faster and more convenient than other expressions of information: language, text, graphics and images. The generalized information standardization involves not only the expression of information elements, but also the whole information processing, including information transmission and communication, data flow, information processing technology and methods, information processing equipment, etc. This paper mainly discusses the standardization of medical information expression, and also involves some information processing technologies, such as the introduction of HL7. Integrity and uniqueness
No matter one or a group of objects, there should be only one definite code corresponding to it in the standardized code. An object with more than two codes will cause confusion in the expression and exchange of information, and the incompleteness of information coding will also bring inconvenience to users, so that they cannot use the coding system to process their own information completely. The integrity of information coding is often guaranteed by setting "shelter group" codes. The so-called "shelter group" refers to setting a special code of other categories at the corresponding position. When there is no corresponding code for an objective thing, it can be classified into other category codes of the corresponding category. In some special cases, when the same object must be represented by more than two codes, special marks and descriptions are often required, such as the asterisk and sword in the well-known ICD-9 coding system.
Scientific
The scientificity of coding is the basis of the existence of coding system. The completion of classification and coding of an object often depends on the understanding of the nature of the object, which is the summary of human long-term observation, research, practice and activities. People engaged in information application need standardization but are not competent. Discipline leaders and experts with the ability and authority are not interested in standardization work, which is the reason for the slow speed and low quality of medical information standardization work in China.
authoritative
Information standardization can become a real standard only when it forms a standard and is recognized and applied by people within a certain range. Therefore, the authority of coding has become another feature of information standardization. Information standardization work is often formulated and issued by departments with administrative authority (or entrusted professional technical departments), and is enforced within a certain range. The authority of such standards is inherent.
Developed in the West capitalist country Many of these standards are often initiated and used by one or more technologically advanced companies as internal standards, followed by other companies, and eventually become industry standards, national and international standards, which is quite common in high-tech industries. practicability
The formulation of standards is different from taxonomic research. Although it should fully absorb the achievements of taxonomic research, it is first formulated for the practical application of millions of systems, so its practicability must be fully considered. Practice has proved that if we blindly pursue the scientificity of coding and incorporate the opinions of various schools and authorities, it will inevitably lead to the difficult birth or even abortion of the standardization process. The formulation of standards should grasp the relationship between science and application; It is necessary to adjust the contradictions between different households that may exist in the standard; We should reasonably take into account the needs of the realistic environment and the long-term development; In short, any standard must be able to meet the actual use requirements within a certain range. For a complex object such as disease, surgery and medicine, it is impossible to dream of a coding system that is theoretically perfect and can meet all the needs of various users (clinical, administrative, manufacturer, business, education, statistics, etc.).
Scalability and maintainability
The standards are not static after establishment. On the contrary, it needs to be supplemented and modified as the objective situation changes. Otherwise, the standard will be out of use due to backwardness, and eventually be eliminated. Therefore, first, the formulation of standards should leave room for expansion and extension. Second, we should arrange human and financial resources to track and maintain.
Information standardization It is a process of studying, formulating and promoting the application of unified technical standards for information classification, classification, record format, conversion, coding, etc. It is conducive to the realization of information sharing Compatible with the system. The formulation of information standards should follow the principles of scientificity, practicality and feasibility, be suitable for a certain period of economic, social and scientific and technological development, and be recognized by the society and promoted in the form of laws and regulations, allowing periodic revision and updating. The standardization of geographical information is mainly reflected in: ① unified geographical coordinate standards, including map projection standards, grid system standards, regional township border shape standards; ② Unified geographic information classification system and classification standards, including detailed classification, classification, definition and scientific basis of all kinds of information; ③ Unified geographic information record format standard and conversion between different standard formats; ④ Unified geographic information coding system and standard. Information standardization includes data element, code table, message, document and other standards. The standardization of information can reduce the high cost, high error rate and other problems caused by multiple entry of data and documents due to the inconsistent format and coding of documents. The process of information standardization is the process of information integration.
