A technique for processing information with computer technology
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Information processing technology refers to the use of computer technologyprocess information。The computer runs at a very high speed, can automatically process a large amount of information, and has a high accuracy.
Chinese name
information processing technology
Properties
Human beings began to record information very early
Where there is information, there is information processing.Human beings began to record, store and transmit information very early. In primitive society, "tying a rope to record events" refers to using hemp rope and chips as information carriers to record and store information.The creation of characters,PapermakingAnd the invention of printing is the first great leap in information processing, and the emergence and widespread use of computers is the second great leap in information processing.For a long time, people have been pursuing to improve and enhance the technology of information processing, which can be roughly divided into three periods.[1]
1. Manual processing period
During the manual processing period, information is collected manually, stored in written records, and calculated by experience and simple manual operationprocess information, using portable storage media to transmit information.Information personnel are engaged in simple and tedious repetitive work.Information cannot be transmitted to users in a timely and effective manner, and many very important information cannot be processed in time, even delaying the fighter.
2. Mechanical information processing period
With the development of science and technology, as well as people's pursuit of improving information processing means, mechanical and electric processing tools have gradually emerged, such as abacus, cash register, hand computer, etc., which has reduced the burden of calculators to a certain extent.Later, some more complicated electromechanical devices appeared, which can punch data on cards and performBatch processingAnd automatically print the results.At the same time, due to the wide application of telegraph and telephone, the means of information transmission has also been greatly improved. Mechanical processing has improved the efficiency compared with manual processing, but there is no essential progress.
3. Computer processing period
With the improvement of computer system in processing capacity, storage capacity, printing capacity and communication capacity, especially the development of computer software technology, it is more and more convenient to use computersMicroelectronicsBreakthroughs in the field of computer science have made microcomputers increasingly commercialized, thus creating excellent material conditions for the application of computers in management.This information processing period has gone through two stages of single processing and comprehensive processing, and has developed to the stage of systematic processing.In this way, not onlytransaction processingIt has achieved automation, and a large number of personnel have been liberated from the tedious transactional work, which has improved the efficiency and saved administrative costs. Moreover, due to the high-speed computing ability of the computer, the value of information has been greatly improved, which can provide reliable basis for prediction and decision-making in management activities in a timely manner.
revolutionary transformation
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The first revolution in information processing technology was the emergence and use of language.In the prehistoric period, human beings transmitted information by gestures, eyes, actions or certain signals (such as lighting beacon fires, striking hard objects, etc.), and used sensory organs to receive various natural information and adapt to it.But at that time, the brain, the organ of information processing, was still underdeveloped.Since human beings realized the systematic information of the role of fire, they have gone from drinking blood to cooking, heating, pottery making and smelting, from simply adapting to the objective world to using information to transform the world, thus expanding the scope of human activities and communication.In production and social activities, people need to constantly exchange information, so language is produced.Therefore, language has become the first carrier of human information exchange.Language is an important feature that distinguishes human beings from other creatures and has always had an important impact on the development of human society and the evolution of human culture.Because people's logical thinking can not be separated from language, language is a tool of thinking; at the same time, language is also a tool for human consciousness communication and information dissemination.Through the communication of information through language, human beings not only get a lot of information, but also promote the further development of human information processing organ - brain.In this historical period, human beings rely on the brain to store information and communicate and spread information through language.[2]
The second revolution in information processing technology was the invention and use of characters.human brainThe long evolutionary process and the use of language are the early stages of human development and utilization of information resources.Characters appeared around 3500 BC.The invention of characters has set an important milestone for the development and utilization of human information resources.In this period, in addition to the use of language to spread information, words became the second carrier of human information exchange.The human brain not only relies on sensory organs to keep in touch with the outside world directly, but also can rely on language and words to keep in touch with the outside world indirectly.The emergence of characters has made a major breakthrough in the way of human information storage and transmission.Words record human wisdom and thinking achievements, which can be stored for a long time and passed on to others or future generations.Characters have greatly broken through the restrictions of time and region on human beings, and play a very important role in the process of human knowledge accumulation and civilization development.But at this stage, information is carved or copied by hand on objects such as bamboo, stone, fabric, paper, etc.The manual method not only consumes huge labor and makes the accumulation and transmission of information expensive, but also has a small amount of accumulation and slow speed.
The third revolution in information processing technology was the invention of printing.During the Northern Song Dynasty (about the 11th century),Bi ShengInventedmovable-type printingTechnology: In the middle of the 15th century, German Jgutenberg Invented modern printing technology.The invention of words has promoted the accumulation of information, and the invention of printing technology has pushed the spread of word information to a new height.The accumulated information is collected as needed and systematized to form knowledge.The use of printing technology is conducive to the implementation of written information and knowledgeMass productionAnd replication, which promoted the wide spread of knowledge and gave full play to the role of knowledge.Since then, newspapers and books have become important information storage and communication media for mankind, greatly promoting and promoting the dissemination of ideas and the progress of human civilization.
The fourth revolution in information processing technology was the use of telegraph, telephone, radio and television.In 1844, in Washington andBaltimoreThe first telegraph service in the world was opened between;Bell invented the telephone in 1876;1895Marconi Invented radio;1923bbc(BBC）Official broadcasting across the country: it was first broadcast on British television in 1925... In the study of electromagnetic waves, people found that electromagnetic waves (including light wave band) can carry information, so they began to use electromagnetic waves to spread information.The development of science and technology such as telegraph, telephone, radio and television has enabled mankind to make use of themElectromagnetic wave propagationThe age of information.Using electromagnetic wave as a carrier to spread information makes people go beyond the space limit. They can not only hear the language and audio information at the moment when the information is sent out, but also can receive and see images and words. Therefore, electromagnetic wave has become the third carrier of human information exchange.At the same time, knowledge and information continue to be widely disseminated in newspapers, magazines, books and other forms, so that information transmission can spread to the whole society.
The fifth revolution of information processing technology refers to information technology.The core of information technology is the integration of modern computer technology and communication technology. In 1946, the United States invented the first electronic computer; in 1957, the former Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite.The invention of computer and the use of modern communication technology have advanced the technology of human development and utilization of information resources toelectronic communicationNew stage of.The combination of computer and communication technology is not a simple addition, but produces an "amazing" amplification effect.As an information processing tool, computer's information storage, processing and transmission capabilities are unmatched by any other technology today.The information technology with computer as the core involves almost every aspect of human society, from economy to politics, from production to consumption, from scientific research to education, from social structure to personal lifestyle... The wide influence and great role of information technology is amazing.Information technology promotes the progress of social civilization from two aspects of social productivity and human intelligence development, and will have a profound and long-term impact on human society.
Type of technology
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1. Information system technology[3]
Human beings manage and use information through the tool of information system, and only when various systems are integrated into an integrated system can they play a full role.Information system technology is a technology that takes computer as the center and relies on database and communication network technology to realize information processing.
2. Database technology
We live in an ocean of information, but information is chaotic and out of order. Only by turning chaotic and out of order information into order can we find and use it.Ordering information is the core content of database technology. It can collect relevant information to achieve orderly storage and effective use of information.
3. Retrieval technology
Status and role
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（1） Information processing technology is an important pillar of information operations[4]
In the field of information warfare, computer technology, the main body of information processing technology, and electronic computers as information processing tools, are the "external brain" of information warfare commanders and command and control institutions, and the core of information warfare systems.The computer network composed ofInformation weaponSystemDigital ForceIt can provide necessary, timely, accurate and relevant information for information operation commanders and their command and control organizations after processing, so that they can command forces and control weapon systems in the "transparent" information battlefield to carry out information operations,Coordinate all services and armsjoint operationsTo win the victory of information operations.This shows that information processing technology has become an important pillar of information operations.The application of information processing technology has become an important symbol of the application of high-tech in information operations.
（2） Information processing technology is the key element to realize the informatization of information warfare weapons
Use information weapon system to accurately strikePhysical destructionThe enemy's command and control organization, information system and digital force are the main contents of information operations.The informatization of weapons and equipment can not be separated from information processing technology.The development of information processing technology has greatly promoted the informatization process of weapons and equipment, making the traditional weapons and equipment develop in the direction of precision, intelligence, remote, stealth and unmanned.The computerized information-based weapon system organically combines the sensing device, computer, control system and combat force, and is integrated with the automatic command, control, communicationintelligence systemCombined with the battlefield environment, the launch, target judgment, recognition, precise positioning and tracking of the weapon system are automated, which greatly improves its penetration, lethality and survivability.ascruise missileetc.Precision guided weaponIt can be launched outside the enemy's defense area, hit the target accurately with the help of information processing technology, and achieve long-distance precision strike.In fact, any weapon equipment system, even the weapon equipment used by individual soldiers, can be embedded in the computer, so that its operational efficiency can be improved ten to one hundred times to meet the needs of information operations.
（3） Information processing technology is the material basis for opening up a new information warfare battlefield
computerCyberwarIt is a key operation of information warfare. It is an information warfare operation in the "computer controlled space battlefield", which comprehensively uses computer attack and defense means to control information, weaken or destroy the enemy's computer network, and make its own computer network closely protected.With the development of multimedia technology, computing technology, reasoning technology, storage technology, software technologyDatabase technology、Data warehouse technologyAnd simulationSimulation technologyThe rapid development and integration of information processing technologies, such as the Internet, various command and control systems, global and battlefield information infrastructure, and globalpersonal communication Network, etc.Information processing technology has expanded the "computer control space", which not only opens up a new information warfare battlefield computer network space battlefield, but also enables computers toCyberwarEl is becoming more and more intense, and a variety of new operations such as computer program attacks, computer chip attacks, "hacker" attacks, and computer protection have emerged as the times require.The winner of the future information warfare will belong to the party that seizes the new information warfare battlefield computer network space.
（4） Information processing technology is the main support for the change of command, control and training methods of information operations
Information processing technology, such as database technology andData warehouse technology, SimulationSimulation technology, virtual reality technology, computing technology, display technology, database technology, data warehouse technology, software technology, etc., promote the reform and updating of the command and control mode and training method of information operations, and increasingly show the incomparable advancement of traditional command and control, training methods and means.Information processing technology is widely used in battlefield intelligence reconnaissance, information transmission, command and control systems, and information battlefield, information weapon systemDigital ForceIt is connected as a whole, so that the command and control of information operations can implement real-time, command and control without command level for all combat units in the network state. Some new command and control modes, such as network, distributed, and mutual access command and control modes, stand out.Information processing technology has made a qualitative leap in the environment, conditions and means of information operations training. Simulation immersion training using simulation technology places a single trainee in a three-dimensional spiritual environment simulating information operations, a specific environment specially designed to help him learn and practice tactical techniques, so that he can devote himself wholeheartedly to training;Using virtual reality technology and computersInteraction technologyThe virtual reality and distributed interactive training based on virtual reality enable trainees to carry out multi-level synthetic training and confrontation training under realistic conditions similar to actual combat, thus changing the traditional training mode of "one picture, several pens, and one simple sand table", greatly enhancing the scientificity, antagonism, and economy of training.It provides a modern "information operations laboratory" for the simulation exercises of information operations and the training of military personnel.
