Generally, shells, covers, screens, doors, covers, fences, enclosed devices, etc. are used as object barriers to isolate people from hazards.For example, the protective case cover made of metal casting or welded with metal plate is generally used forgear driveOr small transmission distancetransmissionProtection;Made of metal skeleton and metal meshProtective net, commonly used for belt transmission device protection;Fence type protection is applicable to occasions with large protection range or as on-site protection for temporary operation of mobile machinery.
(1) Prevent any part of human body from enteringMechanicsThe dangerous area of;
(2) Prevent the impact of flying objects, accidental jet of high-pressure liquid, or prevent human body from burning, corrosion, etc;
(3) Accommodate and accept the parts that may be thrown, dropped or launched by machinery, as well as the broken fragments;
(4) On occasions with special requirements, the protective device shall also have special blocking, isolation, sealing, absorption or shielding functions for electricity, high temperature, fire, explosives, vibration, radiation, dust, smoke, noise, etc.
type
The protective device has a separate protective device (only when the protective device is closed can it play a protective role) and a protective device used in combination with the interlocking device (no matter whether the protective device is in any state, it can play a protective role).It can be divided intoFixedAnd movable:
Fixed protection device: it is a protection device that is closed or fixed at the required position, and can not be opened or removed without tools.The common types are closed type, fixed distance type and fixed distance type.
① Closed type: all dangerous areas are closed, and people cannot enter the dangerous area from anywhere.
② Fixed distance type and fixed distance type: not completely closedHazardous area, prevent or reduce the opportunity for people to enter the dangerous area by virtue of its physical size and safe distance from the dangerous area.
Movable protection device: It is a protection device that can be opened without tools by connecting it to the machine frame or adjacent fixed components through mechanical means (such as iron chain, slide way, etc.).Common adjustable and interlocking protection devices:
① Adjustable protection device.The whole device or some part of the device can be adjusted, and the adjusting elements remain fixed during a specific operation.
② Interlocking protection device.The opening and closing state of the protection device is directly related to the dangerous state of protection.[1]
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Safety technical requirements for protective devices
(1) The fixed protection device shall be permanently fixed (by welding, etc.) or by means of fasteners（screw、Bolt, nuts, etc.), fix it at the required place, and it cannot be moved or opened without tools.
(2) The opening for feeding and discharging shall be as small as possible and shall meet the requirements of safety distance, so that it is impossible for people to contact the danger from the opening.
(3) When the movable protective device or the movable body of the protective device is opened, it shall be connected to the protective machinery with the help of hinges or guide chains as far as possible to prevent the removed protective device or the movable body from being lost or difficult to recover.
(4) When the movable protection device loses its safety function, the dangerous machine function "inhibited" by it cannot be executed or stopped;Failure of interlocks shall not lead to accidental starting.
(5) The protection device shall be the access to the dangerous area.
(6) The protective device shall be able to effectively prevent the danger of flying objects.In mechanical equipmentDrive belt, exposed gear, coupling, belt pulley, rotating shaft, flywheel, grinding wheel, electric saw and other transmission parts close to the ground and with a height of less than 2 meters shall be equipped with protective devices.
Principles of protection device standards
(1) . The protective device shall be an integral part of the machine as far as possible;
(2) . Except for unavoidable situations (such asGrinding machine）Outside, fully enclosed shield shall be used as far as possible;
(3) . The protective device shall be close to the dangerous part as far as possible and closed;
(4) The protective device shall not hinder production;
(5) The protection device shall consider that the maintenance work can be carried out under the condition of minimum danger;
(6) The materials used for protective devices shall generally be metal materials, special plastic plates and glass, except for wood in special cases.[2]
