It is said among the people that his martial arts are unparalleled, and he is good at riding, shooting and swordsmanship.In his early years, he served as the envoy of Guangyuan Prefecture.[2]
QingliIn the first year (1041), he could not bear the oppression and exploitation of Jiaozhi State, and could not be accepted by the Song Dynasty“Southern Heaven”, known as Emperor Renhui, with the year title of "Jingrui".HuangyouIn April of four years (1052)Yongzhou, establish“Great Southern Kingdom”, Year No. "Beginning Calendar".In the fifth year of Emperor Youyou's reign, he was honored as a famous generalDi QingDefeatKunlun PassWar in exileDali。
In April of the second year, he died at the age of 31.
Full Name
Nong Zhigao
Title
Emperor Renhui
Times
Song dynasty
Ethnic groups
Zhuang nationality[1]
date of birth
1025
Date of death
1055
Key achievements
Establish "Dali Country" and "Great South Country" Initiate peasant uprising, besiege Guangzhou, and hit Yang Wenguang hard
Native place
Andezhou in the Northern Song Dynasty (now Jingxi, Guangxi)
Important events
Battle of Guangzhou City, Battle of Hengshan Stronghold, Battle of Yongzhou
Nong Zhigao (1025-1055), Northern Song DynastyJimi Tangyu (now Guangxi) people[2]He lived in Guangyuan Prefecture with his father for a long time after he became an adult, so some scholars mistakenly believed that he was born in Guangyuan Prefecture.Guangyuan Prefecture "is in Yongzhou (the prefecture is in Guangxi todayNanning）Southwest,Yu RiverThe source of "is the 44 subordinate to YongzhouJimi PrefectureOne, clericalZuojiang Road。The state is rich in resources, especially gold mines. Its "real estate is one liang of gold, straight one jiao." In the early years of the Song Dynasty,region comprising present-day northern Viet Nam(Today's Vietnam) After establishing itself as a country, Guangyuan becameYong GuanobserverThe subordinate Xijimi Prefecture actually served in Jiaozhi.In the summer of the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Guangyuan Prefecture "presented" Jiaozhi with a piece of raw gold weighing 112 liang."Jiaozhi Fu is not boring, and people in Guangyuan suffer from it."
Nong Zhigao was the leader of the barbarians in Guangyuan Prefecture of the Northern Song Dynasty.QingliIn the first year (1041), Nong Zhigao founded the“Dali State”, to compete with Jiaozhi Li Chao.At the same time, Nong Zhigao asked the Song Dynasty for an attachment, in order to get a post to take control of all the ministries, fight against cross fingering and looting, and was rejected, so he established in his hometown of Ande“Southern Heaven”, called Renhui Emperor, with the year title of Jingrui.It repeatedly repelled Jiaozhi's invasion, but repeated requests for affiliation to the Song Dynasty failed.
HuangyouIn April of the fourth year (1052), Nong Zhigao raised an army against the Song Dynasty. In May, he broke throughYongzhou, changed the country number toGreat Southern Kingdom, with the year title of "Kai Calendar", we can count the number of troops defeated by the Imperial Court.In the first month of the next year, Nong Zhigao was defeatedDi QingLater, he went into exile in Dali and didn't know what to do.
Key achievements
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The background of the uprising
Nong Zhigao's Research Representative
Nong Zhigao "can be a man of letters, try to be a Jinshi, and lose the first place." His career is not smooth and his relatives are killed.In 1041 (the third year of Emperor Jiaozhi, Emperor Taizong, Qianfu, Youdao), Nong Zhigao and his mother were founded in Tangyu“Dali State”。The Jiaozhi ruler did not allow the descendants of the Nong family to make a comeback and send troops to fight. Nong Zhigaoli was unmatched, captured, and passed on to Jiaozhi Capital.Li Dezheng saw that his father had been killed and failed to conquer the Nong forces, so he released him back to his hometown and granted him the title of prefect of Guangyuan Prefecture, marking Lei, Huo, Qi, Po four holes and Silang Prefecture (also known as "Silang Prefecture", now GuangxiLongzhouVietnam to the west of Golden Dragon).Two years later, he gave him a capital seal and worshipped him as "Taibao".
However, Nong Zhigao did not surrender to Jiaozhi. Instead, he "resented Jiaozhi" because of repeated insults and occupied Andezhou (now Guangxi) four years after his releaseJingxiAnde Town), established“Southern Heaven”, "Jingrui" (the name of the country is "Nantian"Dali”, year "Tianrui" or "Qili").
In the eighth year of Emperor Renzong's Qingli's reign (1048), Nong Zhigao gradually occupied and controlled the Youjiang areaTianzhouAll the wayEthnic minority areas。In the same year, he took the Don't Evil Cave (now the southeast of Jingxi, Guangxi) as the base, and began toregion comprising present-day northern Viet Namto break.Jiao Zhi ordered the first lieutenant Guo Shengyi to go to the war, but he was defeated and returned.After defeating Guo Shengyi's military attack, Nong Zhi was higher than Emperor Renzong of Song in September of the first yearYi Si(October 4, 1049) First trialGuangnan West RoadAn important townYongzhou, Song RenzongZhao ZhenZhaojiangnan, Fujian, etc.DecemberJia Zi(January 1, 1050) Gao Huaizheng was also sent to arrest Nong Zhigao's followers who had entered Yongzhou.
Bingshu in February of the next year (March 24, 1050) Guangnan West RoadSeal the jurisdiction departmentPlease go to Luo Yidong in Yongzhou (now GuangxiLongzhouNorthwest) set up a stockade village as a barrier to strangle the farmers' wisdom, which was approved by the Song court.Soon,region comprising present-day northern Viet NamThen they sent troops to attack Nong Zhigao. Nong Zhigao was outnumbered and led his troops to hide in the mountains.When the transfer of Guangnan West Road reported this situation, the Song Dynasty took preventive measures and "ordered this road to be strictly prepared"。
Nong Zhigao's Research Collection
In the same year, Xiao Guming, the Guangxi transit envoyYongzhouThe commanding envoy Qi Yun went to "Cihou" Nong Zhigao.Qi Yun was captured by Nong Zhigao when he "wanted to invite a miracle" and attacked himself secretly.Qi Yun was afraid that he would be killed by Nong Zhigao's sword. He lied: "I came to fight in Africa, and the court sent me to appease your ears. Later, his servants did not know each other, and they mistakenly fought with each other, so this was the end." Nong Zhigao himself released the shackles, ushered in a seat and gave wine. During the dinner, he asked in a tentative tone: "Why did the father-in-law become a slave for a long time? Nowregion comprising present-day northern Viet NamAfter a slight loss of control, the border officials maintained security, wanted to balance Hunan in the north and swing Ou and Luo in the west, and then made progress, that is, they could not cross the South China Sea, cut a symbol to communicate with envoys, and also with the country.The court allows me to be peaceful? "Qi Yun saw his outspoken words and said: "With a small footprint, rising against the fate,Heavenly SoldiersWhat is added is like sweeping dust on the stove;QifuShuntianThose who follow,UntimelyHow can a man who breaks down be like a man who curls up his armour and ties himself up, asks for orders from the land, and does not lose the reward of the marquis. Who can't protect his husband and the leader, and his wife can't kill him? "After listening to this statement, Nong Zhigao thought it was very insightful and smiled happily: "I firmly believe that it is the right thing to do!" Immediately "sent dozens of his party members to accompany YunYongzhou”, requested to belong to the Song Dynasty, but was refused.The Song court also ousted Quanzhou (now Quanzhou, Guangxi) in the name of Qi Yun's defeat in the war, who stole his life and made contributions to the countryAll Commanders。
In April of the next year, Nong Zhigao continued to pay tribute to the Song court, but the Song court still did not accept it.Nong Zhigao is still attached to Song's heartYongzhouChen Gong did not report the news. "In addition, Nong Zhigao also asked the Song court for an official position many times to "control all the ministries".
First time, complementTianzhouThe Song court did not agree with the governor;The second time, he asked to be a juniorCoach, still not approved.The third time, he stopped asking for his official position and asked the Northern Song government to give Pao HuOfficial uniform, as a symbol of Song officials.The Song Dynasty still did not agree;The fourth time, he simply asked that when the Song Dynasty held a grand ceremony in the southern suburbs, he would pay thousands of taels of tribute in exchange for the treatment of Tongyong to manage the market. The Song Dynasty still did not allow him.The actions of the Northern Song Dynasty ignited Nong Zhigao's anti Song movementFuse。
Guangyuan rises
Just when Nong Zhigao's request for attachment was rejected and he was extremely anxious, he summoned his followers and said, "Now I have offendedregion comprising present-day northern Viet NamChina is not willing to accept it, and there is no tolerance for itSo they frequently moved to the leftYoujiang RiverThe strength of the Song Dynasty's officials and troops is explored in secretYongzhouLook for someone to act as an internal agent and be ready to fight against the Song Dynasty.In order to paralyze local officials in the Song Dynasty, he "counted the bad clothes and changed the food".It was said that "when there was hunger in the cave, the tribes were scattered". Yongzhou officials thought that Nong Zhigao was weak and could not be the enemy, so they were unprepared.
But Nong Zhigao and Huang Wei (also known as "Huang Wei")Huang ShimiHe and his party Nong Jianhou, Nong Zhizhong (also known as "Nong Zhizhong") conspired day and night to formulate a plan to attack Yongzhou.When the preparations were ready, Nong Zhigao "burned his nest one evening and told the crowd, 'I have accumulated in my life, but now I am burning in the sky. I have nothing to live for, but I am poorYongzhouAccording to Guangzhou, the soldiers will die otherwise! "In this way, an anti Song struggle of "Five Ridges Furious" and "The Emperor's Work for It" broke out unconsciously in the Song Dynasty.
Song RenzongIn April of the fourth year of Huangyou (1052), Nong Zhi led 5000 (or 7000) respondents along theYu RiverThe Youjiang River, one of the headstreams, went eastward and captured the upper reaches of the Youjiang River firstHengshan Stronghold(Now GuangxiTiandong CountyPingma Town）。"If you ignore the people in their stronghold, you will get a big relief for their warehouse."
After the Hengshan Stronghold was broken, Chen Gong, the governor of Yongzhou, "lost the envoy of the pavilion because of the trouble, and did not sleep or prepare for it." This created favorable conditions for the smooth march of the Nong army.On May 31, 1052, Nong Zhigao cameYongzhouAt the foot of the city, Chen Gong saw that something was wrong, so he hastily arranged the defense armyPass judgmentWang Qianyou guards Laiyuanmen and acts as agentMetropolitan supervisorLi Su guarded the Da'an Gate and instructed Wu Ji to guard the Chaotian Gate.
In addition, GuangxiMetropolitan supervisorZhang Li returned the troops frompennsylvania (Now GuangxiBinyangNorth) to reinforce.As soon as the reinforcements arrived, Chen Gong rewarded the soldiers in the city. Just when they were drinking happily, the Nong Army broke into the city with a thunderclap.This is related to the fact that Nong Zhigao has installed an internal agent in the city in advance to cooperate with the action, so people said that "people in the city are internal agents" and "people in the city should do it all".At that time, the guard of the south gateSi Hu Joins the ArmyKong Zongdan"Calling up soldiers for books, and refusing them;"Historical BiographySong Shiyao, the legendary figure who was "cut off his head, but not his dead body, but still his horse" by the peasant army, also led his troops to fight against the peasant army, but finally could not save Yongzhou from the danger.In a fierce battle, more than 1000 Song Dynasty officials died in battle, and Chen Gong and other important officials were captured.
After capturing Yongzhou City, Nong Zhigao readMilitary assets treasury, found out what he had done beforeGold LetterHe angrily asked Chen Gong why he didn't submit his letter of request to his subordinates. Chen Gong argued that it had already been submitted, but Song Ting disagreed.Nong Zhigao sent someone to searchdraft of a report to the emperorHe did not see Chen Gong in the end, so he decapitated Chen Gong, a "diseased" magistrate.occupyYongzhouAfter the city, Nong Zhigao established here“Great Southern Kingdom”, calling himself "benevolent emperor", with the year title of "Qili" ("Duanyi"), was appointed as an official following the Song Dynasty system to strengthen its administrationDominion。At the same time, amnesty was granted in China.The army has made great progress, with the number of troops increasing to more than 10000.
command.
Shortly after Juyong, Nong Zhigao left the city to make land alongYu RiverThe army marched eastward in a big way.At that time, "Lingnan prefectures and counties were unprepared, and once the soldiers were in a hurry, they did not know what to do, and the garrison generals abandoned the city and fled, so Zhigao was ambitious." Soon, they occupied a large area in eastern Guangxi and western Guangdong: on June 8, 1052, the peasant army entered Guichou in May of the fourth year of HuangyouYongzhouDownstreamHengzhou(now Hengxian County, Guangxi), ZhizhouPalace officialZhang Zhonghui, in custodyEastern Sacrifice OfficerWang Ri abandoned the city and left.MayBing Chen(June 11, 1052), the Nong Army marched into Guizhou (now Guangxi)Guixian County）, ZhizhouSecretary ChengLi Ju fled without fighting.
MayGeng Shen(June 15, 1052), Nong Zhi joined the army at a high rateGongzhouZhang Xu, the Zhizhou and the official in the palace, abandoned the city and fled.The next day, the Nong Army enteredTengzhou(Now GuangxiTengxian）, ZhizhouPrince ZhongsheLi Zhi fled.Then, the peasant army easily occupiedWuzhou(Now Wuzhou, Guangxi), the governor and secretary, Cheng Jiang, refused to resist and abandoned the state city to escape.MayGui Hai(June 18, 1052), the Nong Army marched into the territoryDuanzhou(Today GuangdongZhaoqing）, ZhizhouDing BaochenScared, he ignored the city and ran for his life in a hurry.Wang AnshiWrite for Ding ShiepitaphIt was said that he once "went to war and was able to capture and kill some people, but he was defeated by others, so he and his people all went to avoid it."
Besiege Guangzhou
May in the fourth year of HuangyouBing Yin(June 21, 1052) ArrivalGuangzhouUnder the city, the hardest and longest siege battle began.June Jiashen (July 9, 1052), Guangzhou and DuanzhouPatrol inspectionGao Shiyao held a meeting with Nong Zhigao in Guangzhou Boat Pavilionmilitary strengthThe contest was defeated by Nong Zhigao.However, due to the strict defense of Guangzhou City, the garrison received foreign aid, and Nong Zhigao kept on attacking the city for a long timegather forceFacing the increasingly tense situation, Nong Zhigao had to lift the siege of Guangzhou for more than 50 days.Nong Jun withdrew from Guangzhou and met Yingzhou (now Guangdong)Britain and Germany）ZhizhouSu JuHe was forced to cross the river by detour from Shatou and head north to Qingyuan County toLianzhou(Lianxian County, Guangdong Province today)Hezhou(Now GuangxiHe CountySoutheast).He stayed in Hezhou for more than a month.In September, Gengshen (October 13, 1052), the peasant army attacked the westZhaozhou(Now GuangxiPingle）, Zhizhou Liu Yingchen abandoned the city and fled.This is the first state city captured after leaving Guangzhou.
Kill a famous general in succession
When we arrived in England, we were on guard thereYang TianFor fear of being besieged, he unexpectedly adopted the method of strengthening the walls and clearing the wilderness - abandoning the land to burn grain.Insurgent armyBypass the city and continue to march northward to Shaozhou.At this time, the Song army had already been on guard. Nong Zhigao learned the lesson of closing in on Guangzhou and stopped stationing troops under the city to fightHuangzhou(Lianxian County, Guangdong today), directly pointing to the middle and north of Guangxi.The defenders there were overwhelmed by the wind.Hezhou, Guangxi, was soon destroyed. It is worth mentioning that the Rebellion Army made brilliant achievements there: it killed two famous Song generals in succession——Guangnan East RoadJurisdictionZhang ZhongAnd Guangnan East West RoadJiang KaiThese two senior generals (according to《Taiping Zhiji Series》）。
According to the original plan, the Rebellion intended to take the initiative to communicate with the Song Dynasty after marching to XiangjingNegotiating peaceHowever, Nong Zhi clearly realized that they could not compete with it.Therefore, after the occupation of the whole state, andHuang ShimiAfter a secret discussion, they decided to returnYongzhouImportant decisions.
At this time,Di QingOfVanguard forceHere we go, PioneerYang WenguangHe led his soldiers to meet the Rebellion in front near Guizhou, and the battle was very fierce. As a resultSong JunAffected, Yang Wenguang is trapped.
After regaining control of Yongzhou, Nong Zhi clearly realized that there was no room for compromise with the Song court, but his own strength was insufficient at present, so he was ready to return to Guangyuan to gather 36 holesZhuang nationalityetc.ethnic minorityThe local chieftain should consolidate the rear area, and then move north.When he was in Yongzhou, he once wrote a couplet saying, "The emperor is old before he grows up.";Wang Fengshen retired from the State of Xi.
The first couplet expressed his helpless sigh, while the second couplet pointed out the relationship between his subordinates and the Great South.
Class teacher turns west
After the fall of Pennsylvania to the west, Nong Zhigao (November 6, 1052) once again entered the country where he proclaimed himself emperorYongzhou。In order to take advantage of the strength of other barbarians, Nong Zhigao wrote a letter to the powerfulgeographical conditions Huang Shouling, the superior Jiedong chieftain, proposed that if we can defeat the Song army, we can "drive long to take Jinghu Lake and Jiangnan"strategic plan, and awardedYongzhouLand in exchange for Huang's support.Huang Shouling was very appreciative of this, "transporting glutinous rice to pay for wisdom".Later, Guangxi (now GuangxiGuilin）ZhizhouYu JingSend Shi Jian from Yongzhou to lobby, and Huang Shouling gradually loosens Nong Zhigao.Yu Jing also recruited "Chiefs of Nong and Huang" from various caves in Yongzhou, all of whom were in office, so as not to cooperate with Zhigao. "Xidong was cut off, and the Song Dynasty had set up an army to mobilize people. In addition, Nong Zhigao made many mistakes in strategy and tactics, which led to a disastrous outcome for himself.
The Battle of Guirenpu
Di Qing selects elite troops and goes south, the same asSun MianYu Jing's headquarters were merged and moved from Guizhou to Pennsylvania. There were more than 31000 officers and soldiers in total.In order to unify military discipline, Di Qing killed 32 defeated generals, including Chen Shu, who attacked Nong Zhigao without authorizationCastanea henryi, dare not look up. "Then, Di Qing began to suspect the army. He held his ground and ordered the army to gather food for ten days, called "cease the army".Nong ZhigaoScoutThe report is believed to be true and slack.On the next day, Di Qing sent the three armed forces to march quickly and arrived at the natural dangerKunlun Pass(Today's Yongbin HighwayYongning、BinyangJunction)the Lantern FestivalThe opportunity is to spread lights and candles and divide the banquetbrassNong Zhigao still hasn't seen the flaw.In fact,Di QingHaving braved heavy wind and rain and spent the night in natural danger, the military marquis was sent to "spread the word to all officials: please pass the pass and eat"Guiren Shop。(between the second and the third ponds of Yongbin Highway today), indicating a showdown with Nong Zhigao.
At the noon of the first month of the fifth year of Huangyou (February 8, 1053), Nong Zhigao personally supervised the whole army to form three sharp lines. They were armed with large shields, javelins, and wearing red clothes.After a fierce battle, the Song army took the lead.Nong Zhigao and his party Huang Shimi, Nong Jianzhong, Nong Zhizhong and the pseudo bureaucrats were killed 57 people, and more than 500 traitors were captured alive. Nong Zhigao ran away after setting fire to the city at night[3]。When they entered Yongcheng, someone found a corpse in a golden dragon suit among the corpses. They thought that it was Nong Zhigao, who wanted to report his merits, but Di Qing stopped him.The fact is, Nong Zhigao withdrew toYongzhouIn the city, seeing that the situation has gone, he immediately abandoned the city and fled.
The whole family was murdered
Nong Zhigao: the Lucky and Abandoned Son of History
Nong Zhigao quitsYongzhouAfter,Di QingThe history of how to act varies.Some said that his subordinates suggested chasing after him, but Di Qing "thought that it would not be a great general to take advantage of the situation to enter an unpredictable city," so he did not accept it;Some said that Di Qing sent "Benefiting generals to pursue themTianzhou"Folklore andlocal recordsNot quite the same.Nong Zhigao made long-term plans before he failed;By means of generous gifts, marriage, etc., they established contact with Nong Xiacheng, the chief of Temo Village, who "connects Dali to the west and has many good horses", and built a palace there for retirement.After the defeat of Guirenpu, Nong Zhigao took his mother, brother, wife and son to settle down in Temo.Zhigao Motherminuano After arriving at Temo Stronghold, under the cooperation of Nong Xiaqing, more than 3000 people from the rest of the army were recruited to practice riding and fighting, and they tried to fight against the Song Dynasty again.But the newYongzhouXiao Zhizhou, the governor of the prefecture, noted that "the marshal went to ask for help and got a general. When he was introduced to the bedroom, he felt like a thief." Military secrets were revealed, and the 60 ethnic groups in Xishan who depended on Nong Zhigao were also separated by Yang Yuanqing, who was sent by Yu Jing. Nong Zhigao left relatives. "Since the 500 generals and their six wives and six sons leftDaliHe wanted to borrow troops to attack the vassals.An Dao (that is, Yu Jing) sent ten people including Yuan Qing to the six states including Chen Chong, the vassal, to attack Temo Village, kill the Yamen, and get their mother, brother, and son back. "At that time, Nong was more than sixty years old. Nong Zhiguang, Nong Zhigao's younger brother, was twenty-eight years old, his eldest son Nong Jifeng was fourteen years old, and his other son Nong Jiming was eight years old.It was in December of the fifth year of Huangyou.
What happened to Nong Zhigao? Most Zhuang folk legends ended with his death, but the cause, time and place of his death were different.General Examination of Literature、《History of the Song Dynasty》Then each has its own story of hostility. It is said that "Zhigao has no idea where he will end up", "there is no way to know his fate", and (99) that "Nong Zhigao has failed and fled to Dali, and his country will catch him." (Xiao Note)men of sacrificeWhen he enters Dali to take Zhigao, he will have been killed by his country. The first letter will be presented. "According to the available data, it is more credible that Nong Zhigao died in DaliLi TaoOf《Continuation of Zizhi Tongjian》、Zeng GongOf《Longping set》、Su ZheLongchuan Farewell, Ming DynastyChen BangzhanOf《History of the Song Dynasty》、Wang Shouren"Sicheng Tufu Lineage Research", Qing DynastyBi YuanOf《Continue to learn from Zizhi》And so on.Not long agoDali, YunnanThe discovery of "The Parallel Preface of the Tombstone Inscriptions of the Old Master Bai" in Wuhua Tower provides strong evidence for it.according toauthor of the history Zizhi TongjianAccording to the Chronicle of Events in the Hundred Officials List, Nong Zhigao was killed between and April of the second year.It is inferred that he was 31 years old.
Since Nong Zhigao had already been punished, the object of luring her mother, younger brother and son to surrender no longer existed. Song Ting killed her on June 15, 1055.
Family background
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In the early Song Dynasty, the Nong family had close contact with the Song regime.Song TaizongTaiping RevitalizationIn the second year (977), Nong Min, a wealthy man from Guangyuan born in Tangyu, became more and more popular and was granted the title of inspector by the Song DynastySikong、imperial censor、Upper Pillars。Zhinong Zhigao's father's generation, whose power further expanded in the merger struggle.Nong Zhigao's FatherNong Quanfu(Also known as "Nong Survives Happiness" and "Dependent"), it was once the state of Tangyu (now Guangxi)Jingxi）Zhizhou.Later, they occupied Wanya Prefecture (also known as "Wanya Prefecture", now the territory of Daxin County in Guangxi) and Wule Prefecture (now GuangxiFusui）。
In order to gain the trust and support of the Song Dynasty,Nong QuanfuIt was also automatically attached to the Song Dynasty.Song RenzongIn the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), the Song Dynasty granted Nong QuanfuYongzhouWei Zhi, but“official in charge of transportationZhang Qi gives up his dispatch and does not accept his land.To save fortune is to go east with his son ZhiLongzhou(Now Fusui, Guangxixinning ）"Nong Quanfu gave full play to his appeal ability and took advantage of the local advantages to "lure the Chinese and cave people, who are very popular," so as to develop gold resources and "become rich and powerful".Previously“Tianzhou(Now GuangxiTian Yang）The chief asks you to attack him. Those who know Yongzhou are afraid of his troubles, so they are forbidden to do so. "Nong Quanfu's influence grows day by day, calling himself "Emperor Zhaosheng", making his wife "Empress Mingde", making his son "King of Nanya", changing his state into "Longevity Country" (the first name is "Longevity Country"), improving armour and governing the army, strengthening the city and refusing toregion comprising present-day northern Viet NamServe the land as an official.So "Jiaozhi was evil and sent troops to attack the captured." In order to rescue Nong Quanfu and others who were taken as hostages, "Zhigao had no choice but to lose a lot of gold goods at the age of." But Jiaozhi's rulers were merciless,TaizongLi Dezheng (Yue Shi Zuo“Li Fuma”）The imperial edict said, "I have the world. I lead all the local officials, and all the vassals pay tribute. Tang still has a reputation for arrogance and arrogance, and harasses the hooligans. I Gong went to heaven to ask for help, learned from Guangyuan, and captured Chu Fu. Five people, all of whom were killed in the city after leveling their land." In 1039, it was JiaozhiLi TaizongQianfu YoudaoThe first year.
Nong Zhigao's Motherminuano People from Wule, later transferred toTangyuzhou, was married by Nong Quanfu, so Nong Zhigao was born in the same place as his father Nong Quanfu in Tangjude, but to avoid war, Nong Zhigao was born inAnders(now Ande Town, Jingxi City) has grown up.Tangyu and Ande are Chinese territory from ancient times to the present, so Nong Zhigao is a Chinesean unalterable statement。When Jiaozhi raised his troops to capture Nong Quanfu in Wule Prefecture, Nong and Nong Zhigaoyi, who was only 14 years old, went back to their hometown of Ande and rallied here.
Research on nationality
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Whether Nong Zhigao is a Chinese or a Vietnamese, the historical record is clear, but some people have ulterior motives and simply fabricated Nong Zhigao's Vietnamese statement.The logic is that Nong Zhigao is from Guangyuan,Guangyuan PrefectureIt is Guangyuan County in Vietnam, so Nong Chi Koo belongs to Vietnam. It seems thatlogical reasoningBe clear.
However, such theorists ignored an important historical fact that Nong Zhigao was not born in Guangyuan Prefecture, and Guangyuan Prefecture in the Song Dynasty was in China.according toHistory of the Song DynastyAccording to records, Nong Zhigao's biological motherminuano yesNorthern Song DynastyGuangnan West RoadYongzhouZuojiang RoadJimiWule Prefecture (now GuangxiFusui County）Zhizhou Nong was the elder sister of Taoism and the leader of Jimi Guangyuan PrefectureNong CunfuHis wife.
According to expert research, Nong Zhigao was not born in Wule State, but was born inTangyuzhou(Now GuangxiJingxiEast of the city)《Ethnic Studies in Guangxi》1998, Issue 2) Although Nong Zhigao's native place, Tangyu, is not owned by the former Nong MinfuGuangyuan PrefectureWithin the scope of Shizhou Cave, his father and son have successively served as prefects of Guangyuan Prefecture, and their rise is due to Guangyuan Prefecture.They fought with the power to hold Guangyuan Prefecture and the human, financial and material resources of ten states including Guangyuan Prefectureregion comprising present-day northern Viet NamLi ChaoThe invasion of the Song Dynasty and the final uprising against the Song Dynasty.Understanding the location and ownership of Guangyuan Prefecture in the Song Dynasty is also an important aspect of understanding the nationality of Nong Zhigao.
according toGu Zuyu《Fang Yu's summary of history reading》Volume 112 AnnanLang Shan MansionAccording to the article of "Guangyuan Prefecture City", Guangyuan Prefecture of Song Dynasty is located in the northwest of Langshan Prefecture in Annam, and GuangxiLongzhouBoundary.Or Jimi Pingyuan Prefecture, the capital of Jinzhou Plain Pavilion, was set up in the Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of its inauguration (839), it analyzed and established the prefecture, led Longshi, Pinglin, Longdang and other counties, and belonged toAnnandu Residence Guard。The Song Dynasty was Jimi Guangyuan Prefecture, belonging toYongzhouDudu Mansion ".According to the "Collection of Song Hui · Three Nine of the Four Fanyi"“Guangyuan PrefectureIt was not Jiaozhi (Vietnam) who had Jimi in the old Li Yong Guan. "
This shows that the main activity place of Nong Zhigao was GuangyuanChinese territory, and his birthplace, Tangyuzhou (now in Jingxi, Guangxi), has been Chinese territory since ancient times, so it can be seen that Nong Zhigao's nationality should be unpublished for Chinese people, and has been proved by a large number of research results today.(See Bai Yaotian's "On the Study of Nong Zhigao's Nationality II", published in Guangxi Ethnic Studies, 2000, Issue 3.) Those arguments that forge the theory of Nong Zhigao's nationality are often fabricated without even knowing the most basic historical facts or turning a blind eye to them, which is obviously difficult to establish.
Nongzhi Temple
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Nongzhi Temple is located inVietnam?OfGao PingIt is a well preserved temple to worship Nong Zhigao.
There is a horizontal plaque hanging on the front door of the temple with the words "Qicen Hall" written on it.On the plaque in the main hall are written the words "Mao Cen Temple", and couplets are pasted on the columns on both sides. On the left is "the appearance of the monument and the Shuqi of the shop", and on the right is "the phoenix dances and dies before the case".The main hall is equipped with a sacrificial platformaltarTwo wooden columns are erected on both sides, and a couplet is pasted on the column. The left couplet is "Thunder Cave Subdues God and Famous Snow Temple", and the right couplet is "Chong Shan Xiansheng Sheng De Di Qian Sheng".Hanging on the walls on both sides of the hallTwenty eight nightsImage of.
Behind the main hall is the temple, which also hasBarbaryThe right one is "The emperor is young and old", and the left one is "The king granted the state of tin and retired".
The horizontal plaque and door plaque of Nong Zhigao Temple were written as' Qicen Temple 'and' Maocen Temple 'because Nong Zhigao rebelled against Vietnam,King of VietnamThe people were not allowed to set up a temple to commemorate when they sent troops to suppress them, so they created a new name. The name was different, and the memorial was Nong Zhigao.
