banxia、Calla Lilyetc.AraceaeOutside the inflorescence of plants, there is often a large involucral bract with special shape, which is in the shape of Buddha flame, called the spathe.[1-2]
Chinese name
Buddha flame bud
Foreign name
spathe
Source
Involucre
Discipline
botany
Role
It can protect flowers and fruits, and some can attract insects
The bracts born on the outermost or lower layer of the inflorescence are called involucral bracts, such as Araceae, Pinellia ternata, etcAraceaeThe inflorescence periphery of the plant is often surrounded by a large involucral bract called spathe.[4]
"Buddha Flame Bud" is named for its shape like a candlestick dedicated to Buddha in the temple.And the whole“Flame inflorescence”Like a candlestick with a candle in it.
Representative species
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ArisaemaArisaemaheterophyllumBlume
Arisaema
The tuber is oblate, 2-4cm in diameter, flat at the top, rooting around, often with several lateral bud eyes.Buds 4-5, membranous.The leaf is usually simple and 1, the petiole is cylindrical, pink green.The tube part of the spatula is cylindrical, 3.2-8 cm long, 1-2.5 cm thick, pink green, green white inside, cut throat, slightly curled outside;The eaves are ovate or ovate lanceolate, 2.5-8 cm wide, 4-9 cm long, and bent down into a helmet shape. The back is dark green, light green to light yellow, and the apex is gradually narrow.Fleshy inflorescenceBisexual and male inflorescence unisexual.Androgynous inflorescence: the lower female inflorescence is 1-2.2 cm long, and the upper male inflorescence is 1.5-3.2 cm long. The male flowers are sparse, most of them are sterile, some degenerate into diamond shaped neutral flowers, and few are female inflorescences with only diamond shaped neutral flowers.The unisexual male inflorescence is 3-5 cm long and 3-5 mm thick. The base of various inflorescence appendages is 5-11 mm thick, pale, narrow upward, 10-20 cm long, and rises in a zigzag shape (thin downward curve) beyond the throat of the flame bud.The female flower is spherical, the style is obvious, the stigma is small, the ovule is 3-4, and it is upright on the basal placenta.Male flowers petiolate, anthers 2-4, white, apical hole transversely divided.The berry is yellow red, red, cylindrical, about 5 mm long, with 1 clubbed seed, 2-3 sterile ovules, yellow seeds with red spots.Flowering from April to May, fruiting from July to September.[5]
It is distributed in most provinces and autonomous regions except northwest China and Tibet. It is below 2700 meters above sea level and grows under forests, shrubs or grasslands.Japan and North Korea also have them.[5]
The tuber contains 28.05% starch, which can be used to make alcohol and paste, but it is toxic and inedible.[5]Medication[6]It is called Nanxing, one of the traditional Chinese medicines with a long history. It has the function of dispersing knots and reducing swelling[6], External use for carbuncle[6], snakebite[6]。
Nanxing Pig CageArisaemanepenthoides(Wall.) Mart.
Calla Lily
Tuber oblate, 6-7 cm in diameter.Leaves 2, sparse 3, petiole length (5 -) 7-30 cm, yellowish brown, with dark mottled patches, several 3/4 sheaths, embracing tubular, the upper end of the sheath inclined ear shaped;The leaf blade is palmately 5-7-lobed, the lobes are nearly sessile, oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, the middle lobe is 16-20 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, and the lateral lobes are gradually smaller in turn, the outermost one is 15-16 cm below, the outer base is usually wide ear shaped, the surface of each lobe is dark green, thin leathery, and the lateral veins are 6-12 pairs, 6-8 mm apart, and the collective veins are 3-4 mm away from the edge.The inflorescence stalk is drawn from the petiole sheath, longer or shorter than the petiole, and the color is the same as the petiole.The spathe is pink greenish brown or dark reddish brown, with irregular dark patches and 3-5 (- 7) white wide stripes;The tube is cylindrical, 3-8 cm long, 1.2-2.5 cm in diameter, and the throat has wide ears, which are semicircular, everted, and up to 2 cm wide;The eaves are 3-10 cm long and 2-5 cm wide, triangular ovate, short and acute, sparsely obovate and acuminate, downward curved.Fleshy inflorescenceUnisexual, female inflorescence obovate, flowers dense, 2 cm long;Male inflorescence cylindrical, 2 cm long, 5 mm thick;The appendages are dark purple, cylindrical, 2-7.5 cm long, 5-6 mm thick at the lower part, slightly contracted upward, rod shaped at the upper part, 5-7 mm thick, and obviously with a slender handle at the base;This stalk is 8 mm long and smooth on the male inflorescence, and 10 mm long on the female inflorescence, with a few subulate neutral flowers.Male flowers subsessile, anthers usually 4, subglobose, fissures elliptic.Female flower: ovary obovoid, ovules 2-3, style short, stigma discoid.Berry red, truncate, diameter up to 7 mm, up to 8 mm, crowned with black stigma, seed 1, spherical, brown, with verrucose projections.Flowering from May to June, fruiting from July to August.[7]
It grows from northwest Yunnan (Deqing, Fengqing, Lijiang) to Nyalam and Cinnamomum camphora in southern Tibet, with an altitude of 2700-3600 meters. It often grows under hemlock forests or alpine oak forests.Nepal, Bhutan, northeast India and northern Myanmar also have.[7]
It has ornamental value. For example, the Buddha flame bud of calla lily is white and elegant, with a long flowering period. It is suitable for indoor decoration. It is often planted in groups or alone in the garden landscape, and can be used as cut flowers.[8]It has the function of protecting flowers and fruits, and some have the function of attracting insects, such as the large white involucre of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.The shape, size and color of the bracts vary with different plant species, which can be used as a basis for species identification.[9]
Introduction to involucre
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The involucre is the general name of the bracts at the base of the inflorescence.Bracts in one or several whorls, free or connate;It is generally green, such as chrysanthemum;Or red, such aspoinsettia。stayCompound umbelIn the middle, the involucre on each floret is called "small involucre", such as carrot, water celery, etc.Arisaema, calla lilyTaroThe involucre of Pinellia ternata is larger, wrapped outside the inflorescence, in the shape of Buddha flame, called "Buddha flame bud".EpicalyxAlso called "involucre".[2]
