Yu Qiuli (November 15, 1914 - February 3, 1999) was a proletarian revolutionary.JiangxiJi'anPeople.In 1929, he joined the peasant uprising and the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in Ji'an County, and joined the Communist Party of China in May 1931.In his revolutionary career, he has successively served as the squadron leader of the Red Guards Brigade, member of the Workers and Peasants Inspection Committee of the Soviet Government of Hunan and Jiangxi Province, political member of the Second Corps of the Red Army, political member of the Independent Third Detachment of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, political member of the 35th Brigade, director of the Brigade Political Department, political member of the 358th Brigade, political member of the First Division of the First Army, and deputy political member of the First Army.In 1935, he participated in the Long March.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has successively served as Deputy Political Commissar of the Southwest Military and Political University, President and Political Member of the Second Senior Infantry School, Head of the Logistics Department and Political Member of the Southwest Military Region, Head of the General Finance Department of the Military Commission, Political Commissar of the General Logistics Department, Head of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry, Director of the National Planning Commission, Vice Premier of the State Council, Director of the General Political Department of the PLA, and Deputy Secretary General of the Military Commission.In 1955, he was awarded the rank of Lieutenant General.[1]He died in Beijing on February 3, 1999.[2]
Take part in the Long March and famous“Hundred Regiments Battle” Participate in the battle of defending Yan'an, three victories in three battles in the northwest, attacking Longdong, and recovering the three sides. Participate in the siege of Yulin, Shajiadian, Qingjian and other battles. The training method of mutual teaching and learning. Daqing Petroleum Battle。
Yu Qiuli was born in Jiangxi Province on November 15, 1914Luling(TodayJi'an）County Dunhou TownPingli VillageA peasant family.He studied in the village private school for two years when he was 7 years old. He had a good knowledge of literature and ink and was kind-hearted. He often rubbed his back for the elderly.[2]
In 1929, Yu Qiuli participated in the peasant uprising in Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province, and later became Ji'anRed GuardsBrigade soldiers, branch leaders
In May 1931, Yu Qiuli joinedCommunist Party of China。In Ji'an after joining the PartyYongyangWork of the Ministry of Military Affairs.He was seriously wounded in the head in the battle at Qiliping, west of Hengjiangdu.
In August 1934, Yu Qiuli served as the leader of the Political Guard Team of the Red Army when he broke through the Western Expedition with the Red Army No.6.
In 1935, Yu Qiuli, secretary of the general branch and political member of the 18th Regiment of the 6th Division of the 2nd Red Army Corps, participated in the anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign in the Soviet area of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhoulong march。During the Long March, he once led his troops to serve as the vanguard of the 2nd Red Army Corps. He was seriously injured in the battle of Zezhangba, Weining County, Guizhou Province, covering the western advance of the Corps, and still insisted on going north, cutting off his left arm halfway.
In November 1936, Yu Qiuli enrolled in the Anti Japanese Red Army University and later transferred to Yan'an Anti Japanese Military and Political University.[2-3]
Counter-Japanese War
Yu Qiuli
Since 1938, Yu Qiuli has served as the Deputy Director of the Political Department directly under the CPC Central Committee, the Chief of the Organization Section of the Organization Department of the General Political Department of the Eighth Route Army and the Director of the Inspection Corps, the political member of the cadre brigade of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and the political member of the independent third detachment of the 120th Division.
In January 1939, Yu Qiuli led the Third Independent Detachment of the 120th Division to the triangle of Ping, Tianjin and Baotou to carry out guerrilla warfare.
In May 1940, Yu Qiuli was ordered to lead the third independent detachmentNorthwest Shanxi, join the famous“Hundred Regiments Battle”。In November, he took the initiative to request that the third detachment be downsized into the eighth regiment of the 358th Brigade, and that the surplus personnel be added to the fraternal forcesPolitical commissarThe head of the regiment led his troops to adhere to guerrilla warfare in central Hebei.
In May 1941, Yu Qiuli led the 8th Regiment of 358 Brigade of 120 Division to Ningwu, mobilized the masses and actively carried outMilitary struggleAnd political struggle, opened up and createdNingwuCentricGuancenshan MountainRevolutionary base areas.
On the 5th of 1943,Chiang Kai shekLaunch the third anti Communist upsurge, and gather forces to prepare for the attack on Yan'an.Yu Qiuli led his troops back to northern Shaanxi to guard Yan'anthe Namdaemun。During the garrison period, the 8th Regiment carried out large-scale production and military training together with other troops.
In 1944, Yu Qiuli served as the 358 Brigade of the 120 DivisionDirector of the Political DepartmentHe often went deep into the company, learned about the situation, noticed the typical, summarized and promoted the advanced experience, and achieved good results.In the large-scale military training activities, he advocated that the best is the best, selected the shooting experts, bombing experts, and assassination experts among the soldiers as instructors, and carried out the mass military training activities of "officers teach soldiers, soldiers teach soldiers, military instructors, and teach and learn from each other", which greatly improved the quality of military training.Yu Qiuli summarized and promoted the mass military training method of "officers teach soldiers, soldiers teach soldiers, and military instructors"[2]He was praised by the Central Military Commission.Mao ZedongIt points out that this training method "is a new creation that breaks through history".
In 1945, Yu Qiuli and Ren Jinsuimilitary regionSeventh Military Divisioncommander。[3]In August 1945, Yu Qiuli was promoted to the 358th BrigadePolitical commissar。Yu QiuliheHuang XintingLed the 358 Brigade into northwest Shanxi, participated in the major counter attack against the Japanese army, and continued to conquerMeng Men、Willow forest、LishiAnd other cities and towns ushered in the victory of the Anti Japanese War.Yu Qiuli fought for eight years and brought out a troop capable of collecting and fighting well.Later, the 8th Regiment where he was originally was reorganized asThe First Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army1st Division 1st Regiment.He Long said happily, "After eight years of the War of Resistance against Japan, Yu Qiuli has become the best in the world."
War of Liberation
After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Yu QiuliShanxi SuiyuanField armyColumnPolitical members.He led his troops to defend Yan'an, win three battles in the northwest, attack Longdong, recover the three sides, besiege Yulin, Shajiadian, Qingjian and other important battles.
In the winter of 1947, he took the lead in leading the new army consolidation movement of the whole brigade with the method of complaining and three inspections to improve the combat effectiveness of the troops.He has successively participated in the liberation of Huangling, Yijun, Xunxian, Binxian, Fengxiang, Baoji, Weibei, Libei and other campaigns.
Since February 1949The First Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyFirst Division of the First ArmyPolitical commissarHe has been serving as Deputy Political Commissioner of the First Army since June.In September, after the liberation of Qinghai, he also served as the vice chairman of the Military and Political Commission of Qinghai Province and the vice political member of the Qinghai Military Region.[2-3]
After the founding of the People's Republic of China
Since January 1950, Yu Qiuli has been a member of the Party Committee and Standing Committee of the Western Sichuan District of the Communist Party of China.
Since 1951, he has been the president and political member of the Second Senior Infantry School.
Since February 1952, he has served as the head of the Logistics Department of the Southwest Military Region, a political member, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Military Region.
From December 1954 to September 1955, he served as the first deputy minister of the General Finance Department of the PLA.
From September 1955 to May 1957, he served as the head of the General Finance Department of the People's Liberation Army.
From January 1955 to May 1957, served as the Secretary of the Party Committee of the General Finance Department.
From May 1957 to March 1958, served as the PLAGeneral Logistics DepartmentPolitical member, Second Secretary of the Party Committee of the General Logistics Department.
February 1958 to“the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”At the initial stageMinistry of Petroleum IndustryMinister, fighting together with tens of thousands of Daqing people, organized the development and construction of Daqing Oilfield in accordance with Mao Zedong Thought and the fine tradition of the Party, and made important contributions to China's fundamental change of living on "foreign oil" and the development of the country's oil industry and national economy.During the battle, the slogan of "Go up if you have conditions, or go up if you have no conditions" was put forward, and Wang Jinxi, an advanced typical "iron man", was discovered, publicized and cultivated.[2]
In September 1959DaqingAfter the discovery of oil resources in the region, he also served as the Secretary of the Working Committee of Daqing Petroleum Battle Command.
From December 1964 to June 1970, served as the first deputy director of the State Planning Commission andSecretary generalAnd lead the work of the Central "Small Planning Commission".
September 1966Mao ZedongUpon approval, the Central Committee decided that he and Gu Mu should assist the leaders of the State Council in economic work.
From June 1970 to January 1975, he served as the director of the Revolutionary Committee of the National Planning Commission, the director of the National Planning Commission, and the leader of the Party's core group.
From January 1975 to May 1982, he served as Vice Premier of the State Council.
From January 1975 to March 1980, he concurrently served as the director of the State Planning Commission, the leader of the Party's core group, and the secretary of the Party Leadership Group.
From September 1982 to November 1987, served as Director of the General Political Department of the PLA and Deputy Secretary General of the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. During this period, served as the Party Committee of the General Political Department since October 1982First SecretarySecretary.
From November 1987 to October 1992, he served as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee of the CPC.
At 11:24 on February 3, 1999, he died in Beijing at the age of 85.[3-4]
Key achievements
Announce
edit
Anti Japanese expansion
During the Anti Japanese War, Yu Qiuli led the independent third detachment of the 120th Division to carry out guerrilla warfare in the Pingjin Baotou Triangle, and smashed the "mopping up" of the Japanese army for many times, giving a heavy blow to the Japanese army.At the same time, he unleashed the masses to establish anti Japanese democratic regimes in Xiongxian, Baxian, Gu'an, Xincheng and other places.In the war, the three detachments quickly grew from more than 300 people when they were first established to more than 5000 people, becoming a famous anti Japanese army in central Hebei.[5]
Innovation training
In November 1943, during the large-scale military training campaign carried out in the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia Border Region, he summarized the mass military training method of "officer training, military training, military instructors, mutual teaching and learning", which greatly improved the quality of training and was highly praised by Mao Zedong, who called this military training method "a new creation that broke through history".[5]
Complaint and three investigations
In the 1947 winter training, he took the lead in the 358 Brigade in carrying out the "complain about the suffering of the old society, complain about the suffering of the old army, check the class, check the ideology, check the fighting spirit" movement, which was named by Mao Zedong as the "new army consolidation movement", and was promoted in the whole army.[5]
In January 1948,Mao ZedongYu Qiuli was summoned to Yangjiagou in Mizhi County to learn about the "three investigations of complaints".Yu Qiuli went to Mao Zedong's cave and talked for three hours.Mao Zedong"Very good! Very good! From the Central Soviet Area, we wanted to find a good way to educate captive soldiers. You solved this problem by 'complaining about three investigations'. Mao Zedong also highly praised the" complaining about three investigations "movement in his article" Commenting on the Northwest Victory and Discussing the New Army Consolidation Movement ".[6]
oil minister
After the founding of New China, in order to change the backwardness of China's oil industry, in the early 1960s when China's economy was in serious difficultiesMinistry of Petroleum IndustryYu Qiuli, the minister, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, organized and directed the Daqing Oil Battle, proposed "to go ahead if conditions permit, and to go ahead if conditions do not permit", and worked hard to develop and build Daqing Oilfield.This played an important role in reversing the difficult situation at that time and promoting the development of the national economy.Proletarian revolutionists of the older generationlater chaired the People's CongressIn the inscription for Yu Qiuli's Memoirs, he spoke highly of: "The completion of Daqing and other oilfields has fundamentally changed the situation of living on foreign oil, and has made important contributions to the development of China's oil industry and national economy."[5]
Daqing Oilfield After four years of oil production, China's crude oil production jumped to 6.48 million tons in 1963, of which 4.7 million tons were produced in Daqing.Zhou EnlaiIn the government report of that year, China's oil is basically self-sufficient.Yu Qiuli, the minister of petroleum for seven years, has also brought out a strong team that is good at fighting hard battles.[7]
Anecdotes of characters
Announce
edit
Poetic name
Yu Qiuli Greets the Commanders and Soldiers of a Department of the Nanjing Military Region
Mao Zedong: "Qiuli Qiuli, your name is very poetic!"
Yu Qiuli: "Chairman, my name is actually very rustic. When I was a child, my family was poor and couldn't afford to ask my husband to give me a decent name, so my family called me Gouwazi. Later, when I joined the Red Army, the leaders asked me what my name was, but I couldn't say it, and then asked me what date I was born, and I replied that my mother said I was born in the autumn after millet cutting.The leader will say as soon as he hears about it. Then you can call him Yu Qiuli. "
Mao Zedong: "Well, the name of autumn is very good. Autumn is always a harvest season, and it is also a hot time."[8-10]
One armed General
Yu Qiuli (right) and Ye Jianying
In 1936, when the Long March reached the Wumeng Mountains in Yunnan Province, Yu Qiuli, then the political commissar of the Eighteenth Regiment, was ordered to lead his troops to intercept the Kuomintang Wan Yaohuang troops. When choosing the attack route, the enemy's rows of bullets hit his left arm and simply bandaged it before continuing the fight.In order to cover his comrade in arms, his left arm was hit and broken by enemy machine gun bullets.At that time, Yu Qiuli's left arm bone and white stake had gone through the skin and two tendons were exposed, slightly shaking, but he still continued to command the battle.At that time, due to lack of medicine and continuous march, he could not carry out the operation in time. He dragged his injured arm to climb the snow mountain and across the grass, and spent 192 days and nights that were unbearable to ordinary people. After arriving in Gannan in September, he was amputated.[11-12]
Yu Qiuli recalled: "Soon after I was injured, the wound began to become inflamed and fester, and the pain was severe. To relieve the pain, I had to soak the injured left arm in cold water or apply a wet towel to the injured left arm. When I crossed the grass, I did not change my dressing for a period of time.The doctor came to check the wound. When he opened the gauze, he found that the wound had rotted and had maggots. The doctor used tweezers to clip out the maggots one by one, and then washed the wound with salt water. "[13]
More than 50 years later, Salisbury, a Western journalist, wrote The Long March: An unheard of story. After hearing Yu Qiuli's experience of arm breaking, he shrugged his shoulders and exclaimed in surprise: "Mr. Yu, you are really a typical soldier, respectable!"[14-15]
Fair use of power
In May 1983, Yu Qiuli went back to his hometown to visit his relatives. As soon as he entered the village, he said to his nephew, "You don't want to take any credit from me." Yu Caifa, Yu Qiuli's younger brother, said to Yu Qiuli, "When you were such a big official, you never did anything for your hometown." Yu Qiuli replied, "I was once the deputy prime minister and director of the National Planning Commission.But I am not the director of Jiangxi Provincial Planning Commission, let alone Ji'an County Planning Commission. "[34]
Dare to tell the truth
In April 1959, Yu Qiuli attended the 7th Plenary Session of the 8th CPC Central Committee.During the break,Mao ZedongAsk Yu Qiuli: "Yu Qiuli, how is the situation in Sichuan?" Yu Qiuli replied loudly: "Report to the chairman, the situation in Sichuan is not good." In January 1960, Yu Qiuli attended the Central Working Conference in Shanghai.Mao Zedong asked everyone: "A few days ago, the newspaper commentedNehruHave you read a letter of? "And roll call one by one, such asKe Qingshi、Wu De、Xie FuzhiThey all answered "Yes." When asked about Yu Qiuli, they replied: "I have not read the report to the chairman." Mao Zedong said: "I think Yu Qiuli is telling the truth. How can I read such a long article at once?!"[33]
Do not open the rear door
In 1985, Yu Heigu, Yu Qiuli's nephew, passed the exam and went to Beijing to see Yu Qiuli. He said, "Say hello, uncle, and go to a better school." Yu Qiuli replied, "It's not necessary." Yu Qiuli didn't say a word when Yu Heigu changed jobs later.My niece, Yu Manxiu, became a soldier in 1986 and was admitted to the military academy the next year. She didn't have enough cultural scores. She called Yu Qiuli and hoped to say hello to the following. Yu Qiuli said, "It's unnecessary. If you can get on, you can't go home to farm."[34]
Main works
Announce
edit
Memoirs of Yu Qiuli[7]
Memoirs of Yu Qiuli: People's Publishing House, June 2011 edition, preface by Zeng Qinghong[16]。The creation of Yu Qiuli's Memoirs has condensed more than five years of painstaking efforts of Yu Qiuli. The book is simple in language and sincere in emotion. It vividly describes Yu Qiuli's fighting career of more than half a century, enthusiastically eulogizes the noble qualities of revolutionary martyrs, and focuses on the heroic achievements of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the entrepreneurial process of the Chinese oil industry front, especially Daqing people.[5][16-17]
Honors won
Announce
edit
Awarded in September 1955Lieutenant GeneralMilitary rank: Class II 81 Medal, Class I Medal of Independence and Freedom, Class I Medal of Liberation.
In 1987, he was elected as a standing member of the Central Advisory Committee of the CPC.
In July 1988, he was awarded Grade I of the Chinese People's Liberation ArmyRed Star Meritorious Medal。[2-3]
Family members
Announce
edit
In 1971, Yu Qiuli's family took a group photo[35]
Father: Yu Huanran is a hardworking farmer.[17][34]
Mother: Dai Donggu is a kind-hearted, hardworking housewife.[17][34]
An important member of the first generation of CPC leadershipa dose associate of Mao ZedongYu Qiuli has become a great intellectual now.
Marshal of the People's Republic of Chinaprominent military leader in early Communist movementAmong the senior cadres of the Shanxi Suiyuan Military Region, it is Yu Qiuli who really knows the soldiers.He can speak out.He didn't attend the meeting this time, so we should learn from him.
Marshal of the People's Republic of Chinaprominent military leader in early Communist movement: He Bingyan and Yu Qiuli both have the same arm. When they first came to Jizhong, there were few people, but they created a team by doing things in one direction or another.This team plays hard!When the enemy heard that the "top leader" team was coming and was far away, he was scared away![18]
Marshal of the People's Republic of Chinaoutstanding Communist military leader: Yu Qiuli of the 358 Brigades of the First Column can go deep into the masses, reflect the opinions of the masses, solve problems concretely, and play a leading role in the complaint movement. His work is vivid and has achieved great results.
Xinhua News AgencyYu Qiuli is a "tested and loyal communist fighter, a proletarian revolutionist, the founder of the new China's oil industry, an outstanding leader in economic work, and an outstanding leader in political work of the Chinese People's Liberation Army."[4]
Held by the CPC Central CommitteeSymposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Yu Qiuli's birth
The symposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Yu Qiuli's birth was held in Beijing
On November 14, 2014, the symposium to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Yu Qiuli's birth was held in Beijing.Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State CouncilZhang GaoliAttended the symposium and met Yu Qiuli's relatives before the symposium.Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Vice Premier of the State CouncilLiu YandongAt the symposium, he reviewed Yu Qiuli's brilliant achievements and outstanding contributions.Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Central Military CommissionXu QiliangAttend the symposium.[3][21]
Jiangxi Province Held a Symposium to Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of Yu Qiuli's Birth
Commemorating the Centennial Birthday of Comrade Yu Qiuli
On November 12, 2014, Jiangxi Province held a symposium in Nanchang to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Yu Qiuli's birth.Secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Party CommitteeStrong guardSpeech, GovernorLuxin Societyhost.In his speech, Qiang Wei reviewed Yu Qiuli's brilliant and fighting life and recalled his concern for his hometown.Qiang Wei said that in his nearly 70 years of revolutionary career, Yu Qiuli has always been firm in his ideals and beliefs, constantly forging ahead, and made outstanding contributions and immortal contributions to the Chinese revolution, socialist construction, and reform and opening up.[22-23]
Shanxi Shanxi Suiyuan Border Region Historical and Cultural Research Association Held a Symposium to Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of Yu Qiuli's Birthday
On the morning of November 16, 2014, the Shanxi Shanxi Suiyuan Border Region History and Culture Research Association held a large-scale public welfare activity called "Red Photography Tour of Jinsui Children Visiting the Old Area", especially inShanxiLoufan CountyGaijiazhuang TownshipA symposium was held to commemorate the centenary of Yu Qiuli's birth.[24]
Shanxi Shanxi Suiyuan Border Region Historical and Cultural Research Association Held a Calligraphy and Painting Exhibition to Commemorate Yu Qiuli's Centennial Birthday
In the morning of November 29, 2014, the history of Shanxi Suiyuan Border RegionCultureResearchYes, Taiyuan Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Academy, inConfused"Memorial" held in the conference room on the fifth floor of Jiashenglun HotelYu QiuliCentennial Birthday Painting and Calligraphy Exhibition ".[25-26]
Artistic image
Announce
edit
Biography
On November 11, 2014, the CPCJiangxi ProvinceThe opening ceremony of Yu Qiuli's Painting Biography, co sponsored by the Publicity Department of the CPC Committee and the People's Publishing House, was held in Jiangxi Xinhua Culture Square Book City.[27]
literature
"Biography of Yu Qiuli"[12]
The Biography of Yu Qiuli was published by Ta Kung Pao Publishing Co., LtdHong KongPublication.The book presents a panoramic view of“One armed General”Yu Qiuli (1914-1999) had a magnificent legendary life.[28]
The prototype of Wang Yuanjian's famous novel The Story of Grain is Yu Qiuli.It tells the story that after the liberation of Chengdu, Yu Qiuli went to Xindu County to carry out the pilot grain levy.
Movies
Teleplay《Founder》: After the birth of New China, China implementedThe first five-year planHowever, as a result, only oil failed to complete the plan, and some western countries tried to suffocate with oilRed China”。One armed GeneralYu Qiuli was appointed in the autumn of crisispetroleumMinister, led tens of thousands of troops to overcome many difficulties such as no road, no food, no house, natural disasters and man-made disasters, and launched a painstaking, three-year oil conference in Songliao region, turning around the passive situation of PetroChina at one fell swoop.[29-30]
The prototype of Huacheng Political Commissar in the movie Entrepreneurship is Yu Qiuli: On February 11, 1975, the movie Entrepreneurship, which reflects Daqing Oilfield, was released in China.The political commissar Huacheng in the film takes Yu Qiuli as the creation prototype.[31-32]
