synonymHe Qidong(He Qidong) generally refers to He Dong (a famous comprador, entrepreneur, philanthropist and the first richest man in Hong Kong, China)
Robert Ho Tung Bosman (December 22, 1862 – April 26, 1956), formerly known as He Qidong, was born inHong Kong, China, ancestral homeGuangdong ProvinceBao'anFollowing his mother, he is a famous comprador, entrepreneur, philanthropist and the first richest man in Hong Kong, China.
He Dong's father isNetherlandsCharles Henri Maurice Bosman（CantonesetransliterationHe Shiwen）He Dong's mother is Shi Di from Bao'an, Guangdong, so he isEurasiana person of mixed blood.Due to his shrewd mind, He Dong soon became a super rich man in Hong KongHe Qidong's FamilyIt was the first distinguished family in Hong Kong during the British Hong Kong period.
Figure 1 The New York Times reported that He Dong's father was Dutch in 1908[1]
Charles Henry Maurice BosmanSpelling, the Dutch spelling of the original Dutch name isHenri）Born on August 29, 1839NetherlandsRotterdam, died in England on November 10, 1892LondonBramham Gardens，He Shiwen is the biological father of He Dong, the richest man in Hong Kong after the opening of the port. He Shiwen was a Dutch Jew. His name sounds very Chinese, but it is actually a Cantonese transliteration of his surname Bosman. He Dong's foreign name is Robert Ho Tung Bosman.He Dong's foreign name still retains the surname Bosman (see Figure 1, 1908 for detailsNew York TimesBut the Chinese surname has changed to He. After the opening of Hong Kong in 1842, a group of European businessmen and adventurers looking for business opportunities came to Hong Kong. He Shiwen was one of them. He Shiwen arrived in Hong Kong in 1859 and left Hong Kong in 1873. It is said that He Shiwen was once in Hong KongJardine MathesonWork, butAccording to historyHe Shiwen has his own company Bosman&Co.，According to the data, 1868Hong Kong HotelHe Shiwen owned part of the equity of Hong Kong Grand Hotel when it opened.At the same time, heHuangpu DockMr. He Shiwen's companymarine insuranceWe have good business relations with Jardine Matheson.In 1869, He Shiwen became a Dutch consul. During this period, He Shiwen felt that it was difficult to do business in Hong Kong. He sold his assets in Hong Kong and left Hong Kong to develop in Britain.He Shiwen opened an "Eastern Agency" in London, England in 1873. In 1885, he closed his "Eastern Agency", which had been operating for 12 years, to James Whittall's companyJ. Wittall & Co.,He worked until his death in 1892.Since He Shiwen was naturalized in Britain in 1888, he has British nationality, which is why some people and some Chinese media mistakenly believe that "The He Dong Family" has British origin. In fact, having British nationality does not mean having British origin, "The He Dong Family" has Dutch origin, which is more correct.[2]
Clarify the facts
Announce
edit
(1) Walter Bosman is He Shiwen's sonHe QijiaHis foreign name is not He Shiwen's own foreign name.
(2) Walter Bosman is not the name that Shi Di married another European, but the foreign name of He Qijia, the son of Shi Di and He Shiwen. He Shiwen is the only European who is good to Shi Di, and Shi Di has no relationship with any foreigners except He Shiwen.
Profile
Announce
edit
He Hongzhang, He Dong's eldest grandson (He Shijian's eldest son)
He Dong (1862-1956), formerly known as He Qidong, is also known as Xiaosheng. His English name is Robert HoTung Bosman. His father is Charles Henry Maurice Bosman, a Dutch Jew（CantoneseHe Shiwen), his mother is in Guangdong, ChinaBao'anPeople "Shi Di", so he is a Eurasian.As a smart man, He Dong soon became a super rich man in Hong Kong. There used to be a saying in Hong Kong that a person would say, "What do you think you are?" This sentence is enough to prove that Mr. He Dong's richest position in Hong Kong can be as rich as an enemy.
He Dong is a distinguished family in Hong KongHe Qidong's FamilyThe founding member of, a famous entrepreneur in Hong Kong, isUniversity of Hong KongOne of the founders, and his wifeZhang Lianjuejointly sponsorDonglian Jueyuan, a private woman in Hong KongRighteousness studyAnd Buddhism.He Dongyuan was paired with Mai Xiuying.He believed in Christianity before his death, and after his death, he was buried at the Happy Valley of Hong Kong Private Family Cemetery (located atRacetrackDonglian Jueyuan).
Mr. He Dong was raised by his mother when he was youngChinese cultureEdification is often regarded as chinese.
He Dong joined Hong Kong in his early yearsJardine MathesonServed as a junior assistant in the Ministry of China, responsible for translation.
In 1882, He Dongsheng, Ren Yihe and Hong Kong under the foreign firmFire insuranceManager of the Company and Manager of Guangdong Marine Insurance Company.
In 1894, he was promoted to general manager of Yihe Yanghang.
In 1897, he became a millionaire with a wealth of more than 2 million, and resigned as the general manager of Jardine Matheson in the same yearHe QifuSuccession.
In 1906, Mr. He Dong sentGovernor of Hong Kongjointly withadministrationThe bureau applied for approval inCentralHe Dong is a mixed race person who lives in the middle of the mountain. He Dong is the first Chinese to live on the top of Taiping Mountain because he considers himself a Chinese.
In 1926, He Dong took over the Industrial and Commercial Daily and managed it successfully.
In the 1930s, it successfully mediated the seafarers' strike.
Before the fall of Hong Kong in 1941, he fled from Hong Kong and sought refuge in Macao. He returned to Hong Kong on New Year's Day in 1946 to continue his business.
He Dong was awarded the Portuguese Medal in 1952.
He died in Hong Kong in April 1956.[3]He donated the real estate of Macao to the Macao government before his death, and now the Why East Library is set up.
Sir Edmund Ho Charity Fund is a major foundation in Hong Kongtrust fundOne, which was established in 1956 by the late Sir Peter Ho with a donation of 500000 yuanHSBCtrust(Hong Kong) Limited.[4]
Madam Zhang Lianjue
Announce
edit
He Dong's flat wife Zhang Lianjue (Zhang Jingrong)
The wife of Sir Ho Tung, a Hong Kong squireZhang LianjueJushi.Donglian JueyuanIt is the earliest Dharma Advocacy Center in Hong Kong.It was named after He Dong and Zhang Lianjue.
Madam He Dong HeZhang LianjueJushi, named Jingrong,GuangdongprovinceXin'an CountyPeople, QingGuangxu reign periodHe was born in the first year (1875).Born slim and graceful, with wisdom.My father, who is willing to discuss things like Xu, so Lianjue is also good at translating things.Young people believe in Buddhism, good roots and good plants.Ji Chang, Bin Tongli, He Xiaosheng, skilled at moving skills, and Cheng Tao Rice Industry.People in the grand scheme look at each other with happiness and wealth.Wealth without pride is good.Every time in the year of famine and war, we often invite people to help us, and spend huge sums of money to help disaster stricken Lebanon.It is also used in Buddhism.Carving and interpreting scriptures, building Buddhist temples.The establishment of the East Lotus Garden in Hong Kong, with its blue and golden appearance, is extremely solemn, and is the place of study for all Jing couples.The cultivation of talents is very prosperous, and the wind is heard from far and near.The lotus feels rich and the spirit is meaningful and bright, the tall and the jade stands, and the elegant and admiring chants.After his return, he was careful to take precautions and spare the money. Therefore, he was known for virtue rather than talent in his life.His works《Travel Notes to Famous Mountains》It is known for its elegant writing style.Lianjue studied Buddhism with perseverance.At the end of his life, there is a full description.Donglian Jueyuan, as an old practice, chants Amitabha for seven days at the beginning of Christmas on November 17 every year.At the age of 15, Ding Chou and Lian Jue suddenly told the couple in the whole garden that it was the tenth day of the seventh year of Buddha's reign, starting on November 27th.Buddha SevenAs soon as it was complete, Lianjue died of a slight illness, just half a hour after Li recited the Tibetan story.At this time, I predicted that I would take it easy to calculate.At the end of his life, a red light starts from the foot, turns to white, cage the whole body, and dies westward.More than a hundred people were on the side.Lian Jue was bornYi Hai, died in 1937, Ding Chou, who was sixty years old and three years old.She has three sons and seven daughters. She has graduated from English school and is a pseudobachelor.
She is a devout Buddhist.In the winter of the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), Lin Jue, a monk, contactedBuddhism in Hong KongGood faith, please NanjingQixiaOld Monk Ruoshun, the abbot of Shansi Temple, presided over the Seventh Buddha in Hong Kong.Old Monk Ruoshun, Master Aiting and other monks arrived in Hong Kong, and Lianjue welcomed them to his home to provide for them.In 1929, Sir He Dong visited the Qixia Mountain Temple in Nanjing with Lin Jue, and saw the pagoda of the Sui Dynasty shining. He thought it was unbelievable, so he donated 20000 yuan to rebuild the Qixia Mountain Temple.Since then, he has been devout in his belief in Buddhism. Since then, he has made every effort to improve the people of the world with Buddhism.
In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932),ZhenjiangZhulin TempleAbbotMaster Aiting retired, and Master He Zhang Lianjue welcomed the Master to Honghua in Hong Kong.Master Aiting arrived in Hong Kong, and with the support of Buddhist monk He Zhang LianjueLanruo”The "Baojue Buddhist Research Society" was established to recruit young women to teach Buddhist education.Then in the next autumn, the hermit He Zhang LianjueShan Guang DaoAcquired a piece of land, designed and supervised by Master Ai Ting, to build the earliest and largest“Donglian Jueyuan”。At that time, Donglian Jueyuan was built at a cost of 150000 yuan, which was lofty and magnificent - of course, this huge construction cost.It was donated by Sir He Dong.
Ten years later, when Master Ai Ting arrived in Hong Kong due to mature reasons, Buddhist monk Lin Jue saw the people who helped him build the court and actively carried outJueyuanConstruction of.Master Ai Ting continued above: On the one hand, he made preparations for the construction of the official garden. The initial effort was to start with the purchase of the address. Due to the economic constraints, although he had seen many places in the territory of Hong Kong, the shared price was too high and the cheap price was not suitable, because he had to do itRighteousness studyIt is extremely difficult not to be too far away from the urban area.It took a long time to find itShan Guang DaoAddress of.He trusted me to teach me how to build a house, how to decorate a Buddha statue, and how to decorate the interior, which cost me a lot of effort and energy.
Lin Jue, a Buddhist monk, has always been kind and benevolent, and does not value money. Here is an example to show that.For a while,Hong Kong PoliceBanning wild dogs, and arresting and shooting dogs without a sign at sight.Lin Jue saw a large number of people every yearUnlicensedOur dog has been killed. We have great pity.MovedCompassionYour compassion.He contacted some Chinese and foreign celebrities and philanthropists, asked the Hong Kong government for orders for dogs, received the government's sympathy, and allocated a piece of land to build houses for wild dogs.But the land is available, and the construction cost is still available. The Buddhist monk Lianjue generously donated 10000 yuanKowloonSong King's TerraceNearby, a very neat dog house was built. Since then, all the dogs caught by the police have been sent here for keeping, which saves many lives every year.
Mother: Shi Di, GuangdongBao'anPeople.He Shiwen and Shi Di during his stay in Hong Kong (1859-1873)nonmarital cohabitation。Shi Di, Why Shiwen gave birth to 1 daughter and 4 sons (the eldestSequential arrangement）: He Boyan (female)He QiEastHe QifuHe QimanHe Qijia, Shi Di's 6th child.Among his descendants, there were two richest men, their son He Dong, the richest man in Hong Kong, and their great grandsonMacaoThe richest manStanley Ho。Shi Di's 5th childHe Gantang(He Qitang is her living cow with Chinese menTradersGuo Xingxian's son.)After He Shiwen left Hong Kong in 1873, Shi Di, 28, married Guo Xingxian as a concubine.After marriage, Shi Di gave birth to two daughters for Guo Xingxian: He Ruiting and He Baijuan.1 son: Guo Maochao (traditionally, two daughters and one son do not include He Gantang). After living with Guo Xingxian for a period of time, Shi Di left the Guo family with two daughters born to Guo Xingxian to earn his own living, but Guo Maochao, the youngest son born to Shi Di and Guo Xingxian, stayed in the Guo family and did not take him away.
brother
Ho Tung's nephew and Stanley Ho
He Fu（He Qifu, there are 13 children under his/her knee, including Shirong, Baozi, Shiyao, Shiguang, Shiliang, Shiquan, Shizhuo, Baorong, Shiqing, Baolian, Baozhi, Baoxian, and Liqiong.)Stanley Ho's father is Ho Shiguang. He is also a person of high reputation in the business and political circles. It is said that he has 13 children: Hong En, Wan He, Hong Zhan, Hong Wei, Wan Zhang, Wan Wen, Hong Tao, He Wanhong, Stanley HoHe Wanqi, Wan Wan, Hong Rui, Wan Ying, and later the most promising ones are naturally nine of themStanley Ho。
He Gantang(He Qitang, He Dong's half brother, is a pure Chinese.) He Gantang's house is full of wives and concubines, but the most famous one is He Gantang and the last mistress living in Shanghai are also Eurasian childrenZhang QiongxianEurasian adoptedHe AiyuBecause she gave birth to a famousBruce Lee。[5]
Wives and concubines
Front: Zhang Jingrong, He Dong, Mai Xiuying, rear: He Shili and his wife
Original partner: Mai Xiuying, a Eurasian.
Concubine: Zhou Qiwen, due to several years after marriageInfertilityHe Dong married Zhou Qiwen, a Chinese, as his concubine, but three years later, he did nothing.Later, Zhou Qiwen had a daughter.
Ping's wife: Zhang Jingrong (the French name is Lianjue), Mai Xiuying as a matchmaker, betrothed his cousin Zhang Jingrong to He Dong.Why did Zhang Jingrong give birth to three men and seven women (only the oldest male died early after being diligent).
When Sir He Dong was 56 years old, he still had a child out of wedlock with Miss Zhu Jiedi, a nurse and Eurasian child.
later generations
He Dong and His Son He Shijian
children
He Shirong (He Fu's eldest son, who adopted He Dongyuan because he had nothing to do with Mai Xiuying)
He Jinzi
He Shiqin
He Huizi
He Chunzi (three daughters, born to concubine Zhou Qiwen)
He Shiqin, the eldest son of He Dong and Zhang Jingrong, died early;The second son He Shijian has three sons and two daughters:He HongzhangHong Xian (died early)He HongqingHe Shujun, He Lijun;The third son He Shili has one child:Robert 、Min 。
He Dong and Zhu Jiedi's illegitimate son He Zuozhi have a daughter He Xuan and a son He Ji.[6]
He Dong, a Eurasian, was born and raised in Hong Kong. Although he looks like a foreignerbehaviourBut it is very Chinese.When he was a comprador, He Dong clearly defined Hong Kong's position as an intermediary in the East West trade because he needed to travel between the foreign bosses and the Chinese society.As for the crisscross political and business networks, as well as the spread of family members around the world, Hong Kong, as the hub of the East and the West, is an international metropolis that connects all parties, faces the world and backs on ChinaSpecial status。
The discussion in this book not only cooperates with Hong Kongsocial developmentIt systematically and completely depicts the development of He Dong and his family, so as to deepen readers' understanding of Hong Kong's business, society, history and culture.On the other hand, because this book focuses on entrepreneurs andEntrepreneurshipWhether to play effectively as the main context, analyzed the Chinesefamily firmThe problems faced in the development process, such as the advantages and disadvantages of management, the strength and weakness of operation, and the tightness of the organization, will obviously enlighten those who are interested in studying family businesses.[7]
