Gamma ray bursts[1]Gamma Ray Burst (GRB), also called gamma ray burst, is from a certain direction in the skygamma ray The intensity suddenly increases in a short time and then decreases rapidly, lasting for 0.1~1000 seconds. The radiation is mainly concentrated in the energy range of 0.1~100MeV.The gamma ray burst was discovered in 1967. For decades, people have not yet understood its essence, but it can be basically determined that it occurred inuniverseOf stellar objects on a scientific scaleburstProcess.Gamma ray bursts are one of the most active research fields in astronomy《science》The magazine was rated as the top ten science and technology of the yearprogressList.
Gamma ray bursts are the strongest explosion phenomenon in the known universe, theoretically hugefixed starCollapse and explode when fuel is exhausted or two adjacent compact stars（black holeorneutron star）It is generated by merger.Gamma ray bursts can be as short as one thousandth of a second, or as long as several hours, and can release huge energy in a short time.If andsunlightIn contrast, its energy released in a few minutes is equivalent to the sum of trillion years of sunlightPhoton energyIt is usually several hundred thousand times of the typical sunlight.[2]
Physicists found through calculation that powerful gamma ray bursts can kill a certain range of cosmic life. What is more fatal is that gamma ray bursts also have regular occurrence rules, which is bad news for cosmic life, because this situation can prevent cosmic life from evolving into advanced species.According to the latest assessment, gamma ray bursts may have cleared about 90% of the galactic space, and the Milky Way is also impacted by gamma ray bursts. Life on Earth may also face a similar fate in the future.Gamma ray bursts come from the explosion of stars at the end of their lives. Strong radiation can damage DNA and cause planets to lose their atmosphere.
Scientists also found that gamma ray bursts have hit the earth in the past 500 million years or so, leading to the extinction of a large number of life. This explanation may explain why we still haven't found other cosmic life. Scientists also found that gamma ray bursts can make many galaxies lifeless according to the results of sky surveys.The earth has also been "baptized" by gamma ray bursts in the past years, but life on the earth has survived tenaciously. This situation will also appear on other celestial bodies in the universe, which means that life on other celestial bodies may have more tenacious vitality.
In the past 500 million years or so, gamma ray bursts in the Milky Way have made most parts of the Milky Way unable to survive. Tsvi Piran, a physicist from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, said that we found that deadly gamma ray bursts occur very frequently in the Milky Way, and there may also be gamma ray bursts around the Earth,But the gamma ray bursts near the center of the Milky Way are more powerful, and the probability of gamma ray bursts at the edge of the Milky Way is less than 50%.From the perspective of distance, there is a greater probability that cosmic life will survive about 32000 light years away from the center of the Milky Way.
It can be seen from the distribution characteristics of galaxies that life is suitable for living on the edge of large galaxies, and the space environment here is the safest. Therefore, large galaxies are only suitable for living near the edge, and such space accounts for about 10% of star systems.According to the observation results of space telescope, gamma ray bursts occur almost every day in the universe, and the direction is random. If a planet with life is unlucky to be on the release path of gamma ray bursts, then life on this celestial body will be doomed. Scientists believe that the probability of such an event is one in ten million.[3]
Research History
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Gamma ray bursts were generated by the U.S. Vela satellite in 1967 during the monitoring of nuclear explosionsKlebesadle(Klebesadel) and others found it unintentionally.
In the 1960s, the United States launchedSail baseSatellites equipped with gamma ray monitoring instruments are used to monitor theof large numberGamma ray.
In 1967, this satellite discovered thatCosmic spaceThe gamma ray ofenhance, and then quicklyweakenThis phenomenonphenomenonIt happens randomly, about 1-2 times a day, and the intensity can exceed the whole daygamma ray Ofthe sumAnd the source is not on earth, but in space.For reasons of confidentiality, the first observational data on gamma ray bursts were not published until 1973[4]And was soon confirmed by the Soviet Konus satellite.
Gamma ray burst[5]
During the Cold War, the United States launched a series of military satellites to monitor the globalnuclear test explosion, installed on these satellitesGamma raydetector, for monitoringnuclear explosionA large amount of high energy generatedradial。In 1967, the reconnaissance satellite found that the gamma ray from the vast space suddenly increased in a short time, which is called "gamma ray burst".Due to military secrecy and other factors, this discovery was not published until 1973.This is a phenomenon that puzzles astronomers. Some gamma ray sources will suddenly appear for a few seconds and then disappear.The power released by this explosion is very high.The "brightness" of a gamma ray burst is equal to the total "brightness" of all gamma ray sources throughout the day.Subsequently, high-energy astronomical satellites constantly monitor gamma ray bursts, which can be observed once or twice every day.
Because the duration of gamma ray bursts is very short and the direction is difficult to determine, the research on gamma ray bursts was very slow at first, and even the basic physical quantities such as distance were difficult to measure. In 1980, based on the observation results of Ginga satellite, many people believed that gamma ray bursts were a phenomenon in the Milky Way, and the cause was related to neutron stars,Hundreds of models have been built around neutron stars.In the mid-1980s, Polish American astronomer Bodan Paczynski proposed that gamma ray bursts occurred outside the Milky Way and were distant objects located at the cosmological distance, but this view was not widely accepted.
In 1991, the United States launchedCompton Gamma Ray Observatory(CGRO), eight identical instruments BASTE are installed at eight corners of this satellite, which can determine the direction of gamma ray bursts with an accuracy of about several degrees. In a few years, more than 3000Gamma burstA systematic survey of the sky found that the distribution of gamma ray bursts in the sky is isotropic, which supports the view that gamma ray bursts occur at a distant cosmological scale, and triggered a great debate between Paczynski and another scientist, Lam, who holds the opposite view.
If gamma ray bursts are indeed located on the cosmological scale, it can be inferred from its brightness that gamma ray bursts must have very huge energy. The energy released in a few seconds is often equivalent to the total energy released by hundreds of suns in their lifetime, which is the most violent explosion known in the universe, such as a gamma ray burst on December 14, 1997,12 billion light years away from the earth, its brightness is as bright as the whole universe except it within one or two seconds after the eruption, and its energy released within 50 seconds is equivalent to the total energy of the Milky Way in 200 yearsRadiant energy, hundreds of times larger than a supernova explosion.Within hundreds of kilometers around it, the high temperature and density at one thousandth of a second after the Big Bang are reproduced.On January 23, 1999, a gamma ray burst was ten times more violent than that.
In 1996, Italy and the Netherlands launchedBeppoSAX satelliteThis satellite can accurately measureGamma ray burstsThe positioning accuracy is about 50 angular seconds, which means that the telescope on the ground can find the gamma ray bursts before they disappearOptical counterpartProvide strong support.With its help, astronomers took the lead in discovering the optical counterpart of a GRB that erupted on February 28, 1997, called the "optical afterglow" of the GRB. Later, they found several similar afterglow, not only in the visible light band, but also in the radio band,X ray band, and also identified the host galaxy of the GRB. The observation of the redshift of the host galaxy confirmed that the GRB is far away fromGalaxyIn addition, there are objects in the cosmological distance. The discovery of afterglow enables people to continuously observe the gamma ray bursts in months or even years after their occurrence, which greatly promotes the research of gamma ray bursts.
By 2015, more than 2000 GRBs had been observed.
At 21:17 on October 9, 2022, China High Altitude Cosmic Ray Observatory (LHAASO, Lasso), High Energy Burst Explorer (HEBS) and Insight HXMT simultaneously detected the brightest gamma ray burst so far, numbered GRB 221009A.[10]
Cause
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The birth of stars and thedeathIt is linked together.Super massive stars rapidly age and explode, and the interstellar dust emitted rapidly fillsNebulaThe new material produced by the super mass explosion is also ejected into the nebula, and the density of the nebula becomes very large, giving birth to newfixed starbe born.In the galaxy full of interstellar dust, a large number of star birth and death cycles are taking place.Because stars formed inInterstellar dust regionIt can be speculated that the dust cloud surrounding the dark gamma ray burst may be the birthplace of stars.
As for the cause of gamma ray bursts, some people speculate that they are twoCompact celestial bodyasneutron starorblack holeIt is also believed that it is generated during the evolution of massive stars into black holes.
The discovery of gamma ray bursts in 1998GRB 980425And a supernovaSN Ib/Ic 1998bwAssociated with.This is an important discovery, suggesting that the cause of gamma ray bursts may be the death of massive stars.In 2002, a British research group studiedXMM Newton satelliteThe 270 secondX-ray afterglowAnd found evidence related to gamma bursts and supernovae, published in the《natural》Magazine.Further research reveals that ordinary supernovae may cause gamma ray bursts within weeks to months.The idea that the death of a massive star will produce a gamma ray burst has been widely accepted.
Phenomenon classification
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There are two types of gamma bursts, short bursts (less than 2 seconds) and long bursts (more than 2 seconds).
Long bursts are widely believed to be“Supernova", which marks a destructive explosion of stars 50 to 100 times larger than the sun.When such a huge star explodes, it will leave a black hole and sweep this information through the universe in the form of gamma rays.The internal physical mechanism was first proposed and developed by Dr. Stan Woosley, a physicist at the University of California“Collapsed star”The model is considered as the mainstream theory to explain long bursts.
Short bursts are even more confusing.Their rise and fall time is very short, they will not be supernovae, and the energy of the explosion is not enough to constitute the explosion of stars.Many researchers believe that they are produced by the collision of ultra dense neutron stars (possibly also neutron stars and black holes).In both cases, another black hole will be generated.
The energy mechanism of gamma ray bursts is still far from being solved, which is also the core issue of gamma ray bursts research.With the progress of technology, human beings will have a deeper understanding of the universe. Many problems that seem to be mysteries may be solved in the future. Exploring the mysteries of the universe is not only necessary for human beings to pursue scientific progress, but also beneficial to human beings.
Main features
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Gamma ray burstsThe duration of is generally about 0.1 seconds to 1000 seconds, which can be roughly divided into long bursts and short bursts with the boundary of 2 seconds. The typical duration is 30 seconds and 0.3 seconds respectively.The time-varying contour is complex and often has a multi peak structure.The distribution of gamma ray bursts in the sky is isotropic, but far away gamma ray bursts are significantly less than close ones, showing non-uniform isotropy and can be expandedcosmological models It shows that gamma ray bursts occur at the cosmological distance.
Radiation will be observed in other wave bands after the burst of gamma ray bursts, which is called the afterglow of gamma ray bursts.According to different bands, it can be divided intoX-ray afterglow, optical afterglow, radio afterglow, etc.Afterglow usually decays exponentially with time. X-ray afterglow can last for several weeks, and optical and radio afterglow can last for several months to a year.
Explosive history
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General
IInterstellar dust absorbs visible light from gamma ray bursts, on June 8, 2009, at the meeting of the American Astronomical SocietyUniversity of California at Berkeley Daniel Perley said: "We believe that the mystery of the cause of dark gamma ray bursts has been solved." He and his colleagues passed thePalomar Observatory, CaliforniaThe telescope with a diameter of 60 inches found that 14 of the 29 gamma ray bursts observed by Swift were dark and could not observe visible light waves.They further passed through HawaiiKeck Observatory The result of observation with 10 meter telescope shows that they are not completely dark.Three of the 14 dark gamma ray bursts give out weak light, like dim afterglow. Although the other 11 gamma ray bursts are in a dark state, the research team has found the galaxy where the strong explosion leading to gamma ray bursts is located.This shows that the galaxies generated by these gamma ray bursts are not more than 12.9 billion light years away from the Earth, because this is close to the limit of human observation of the universe.And if the distance exceeds 12.9 billion light years, any detectable light wave will occurDoppler redshift。
Several special gamma ray bursts
On December 14, 1997, a gamma ray burst occurred. It was 12 billion light years away from the earth, and the energy released was more thanSupernova explosionIt is hundreds of times larger, and the gamma ray energy released in 50 seconds is equivalent to the wholeGalaxy200 years of total radiant energy.This gamma ray burst lasts for a second or two, and its brightness is as bright as the whole universe except for it.
The gamma ray burst that occurred on January 23, 1999 was more violent than this one, and its energy released was ten times that of 1997, which is also the most powerful gamma ray burst known to mankind so far.
On April 23, 2009, astronomers observed the most distant gamma ray burst so far. It is 13.1 billion light years away from the Earth, and is also the most distant object observed by humans. The strong explosion that led to the gamma ray burst occurred less than 700 million years after the origin of the universe.The research team assessed that dark gamma ray bursts accounted for only 0.2% to 0.7% of all gamma ray bursts in the early stage of the universe, which also shows thatThe origin of the universeNot much happened in the early stageStar formationPhenomenon.
In 2004, the earth was hit by a huge "flare", and a high-energy gamma ray burst from deep in the universe hit the earth's atmosphere.That bombardment was unprecedented. Its energy emitted in a moment less than one second was equivalent to the total energy emitted by the sun in 500000 years.
This event occurred on December 27, 2004, and it came from a type of neutron star: magnetostar.This neutron star has an extremely strong magnetic field, and this one is located at the other end of the Milky Way.The exploding magnetostar is numbered SGR 1806-20, which is also called "soft gamma ray reappearance source". Usually, this kind of celestial radiation is concentrated in the low-energy gamma ray band, but when its magnetic field resets, a strong energy explosion will occur.It is 50000 light years away from the earth, but its great power makes people can see it even with the naked eye on the earth.
On November 24, 2013, researchers from many countries reported that they had observed the brightest gamma ray burst up to 2013 using space and ground telescopes, which was also the most violent cosmic explosion observed by people.NASA's Swift Space TelescopeFermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope As well as other ground-based telescopes, GRB 130427A, a record breaking gamma ray burst, was observed on April 27, 2013.Its brightness is taken from the earthBinocularsCan be seen.According to theAfterglowThe spectral observation also found that the gamma ray burst occurred about 3.6 billion light years away from the earth, which is only one third of the distance of a typical gamma ray burst.The gamma ray burst was caused by the explosion of a huge star. The star is 20-30 times the mass of the sun, but only 3-4 times the volume of the sun. It is a very compact star.[2]
According to the latest research by scientists, the earth was baptized by the gamma ray explosion, the most powerful explosion known to date in the universe, in the 8th century AD.The research report of this research was published in the latest issue of the famous international astronomical journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
IIThe evidence discovered by researchers in 2012 shows that our earth was hit by a burst of radiation in the Middle Ages, but it is still unclear what kind of cosmic event happened.In 2012, a new study showed that two black holes or two neutron stars merged in the Milky Way.Merging only takes place in a few seconds, but they release a lot of radiation waves and energy.Ralph Neuhauser, a professor of the Institute of Astrophysics at Jena University, Germany, who is in charge of this research, said: "Gamma ray bursts are very explosive activities. Our research shows that the energy comes from 3000 to 12000 light years away, which is in theGalaxyWithin the range. "
In 2011, a research team found in Japan that there was an unusualRadiocarbon, known asCarbon14。The researchers are still in Antarcticaice sheetRadioactivity was found onberyllium- Beryllium 10.These isotopes are produced when strong radiation strikes atoms in the upper atmosphere, which indicates that the energy burst from space once hit our earth.Based on tree ring and ice data, researchers were able to determine that the event occurred between 774 and 775 AD.[6]
On November 21, 2013, researchers from many countries said that they had observed the brightest gamma ray burst so far with unprecedented accuracy using space and ground telescopes, which was also the most violent cosmic explosion observed by people.Xiong Shaolin, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Alabama, Huntsville, said: "A similar explosion may be a once-in-a-century event." First, it is the brightest gamma ray burst observed so far, which can be seen with binoculars on the earth;Second, the energy of a single photon is the highest (95 billion electron volts), which is 30 billion times of the typical sunlight;Third, the afterglow of this gamma ray burst has high-energy radiation of up to 20 hours, which is the longest duration.In addition, this GRB is also one of the largest total energy releases of all GRBs observed so far.
Astronomers discover a new mechanism behind gamma ray bursts
On December 28, 2013 (Beijing time), according to the website of Physicists' Organization, astronomers from Curtin University in Australia have discovered a new type of explosive stars, and they will first stop launching before turning into black holesradio wavesRadiation.These stars will use their last strength to emit a strong radiation, namely a high-energy gamma ray burst, and then die.
Astronomers have always believed that the afterglow of radio waves should follow the gamma ray bursts.This is exactly what the Australian University of Sydney and Curtin University All Sky Astrophysics Center (CAASTRO) are trying to prove.
Dr. Paul Hancock, an astronomer at Curtin University and the chief scientist of the study, said: "But we were wrong. We carefully studied the precise image of a gamma ray burst, but it did not have radio radiation afterglow.We can safely say that our previous theory is wrong, and our telescope equipment did not disappoint us. "
The technical methods used by the research team to construct ultra high precision images of gamma ray bursts and carry out relevant research have been published《Journal of Astrophysics》A detailed report was made on.
This technology allows more than 200 images to be superimposed to produce a gamma ray burst image with much better quality than the original image, but even on such quality images, researchers have not found any signs of radiation afterglow in the radio band.Dr. Hancock said: "In our research paper, we believe that there must be two different types of gamma ray bursts, which may be caused by the explosionfixed starDifferent magnetic field characteristics. "
Lightning simulation of gamma ray
Astronomers previously said that this gamma ray burst may be too far away to be observed in the visual wavelength range.The latest research has revealed the mystery that interstellar dust absorbs almost all visible light, but higher energy gamma rays and X-rays can penetrate interstellar dust and be captured by telescopes on the earth.The idea that the death of a massive star will produce a gamma ray burst has been widely accepted.Astronomers believe that most of these GRBs occur when supermassive stars run out of nuclear fuel.When the core of a starCollapseAfter being a black hole, matterJetRush out at a speed close to the speed of light.The jet flows from the collapsed star, continues to travel to the space, and interacts with the gas previously illuminated by the star to produce brightness that decays with timeafterglow。Most gamma rays will appear bright in the visible range.However, some gamma ray bursts are in a dark stateOptical telescopeCannot be detected in.A recent study shows that dark gamma ray bursts are not actually unobservable due to their long distance. Their inability to release light is due to the absorption of most visible light by interstellar dust, which may be the birthplace of stars.
400 million years agoMass extinction。It may originate from thunder and also participate in the formation of lightning.The latest research shows that the gamma ray emitted from the lightning may be the main reason for the formation of lightning.The lightning gamma ray may be the main reason for the formation of lightning.This guess, before 2008FloridaTechnical Synergy.ComptonJoseph Dwyer, an astrophysicist of the Gamma Ray Observatory at the last century's meeting, proposed that it had been discovered from lightning on the ground in the early 1990s.Gamma ray。At that time, Dwyer found that gamma ray was related to lightning from some relevant academic reports that gamma ray was electricity with a wavelength less than 0.1 nm. In order to prove the magnetic wave,Radiant energythanX rayIt's still high.The relationship between gamma ray and light ray is that he established a high-energy radiation line that will form a ray burst if it suddenly increases in a short period of time.The model is used to describe the formation of electric field in the earth's atmosphere.Its energy release is equivalent toBig Bang。The gamma ray results show that the formation of these gamma ray bursts in the electric field is caused by two factorsneutron starWhen the high-speed electrons collide with other particles in the atmosphere, the massive stars still collide with each other in death, which can produce strong thunder.It is generated in the process of generating black holes during simultaneous release.There is no charge.In thunderstorm weather.There is a conclusion between updraft and downdraft.But there is one point that scientists all admit that the downward flow promotes the interaction of water molecules.The electric field strength is that when there is huge cosmic energy, the ratio increases, and the electrons finally released are close tolight speedSuch as thunderstorm.Gamma rays will be generated.Speed through air.
Although Dwyer's guess at that time was that mysterious lightning might be formed by gamma rays released by thunderstorms.Naturally, it is just a guess.No final conclusion has been reached.It was a joint study between Tokyo University of Technology and the Japanese Institute of Physics and Chemistry in 2012 that could really simulate and closest to the simulation of gamma ray lightning formation.The research team sent a gamma ray research team toSea of JapanFormed in lightningGamma ray。
research findings
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Attack the Earth
Extensive theoretical studies believe that the first mass extinction occurred more than 400 million years agoOrdovicianThe earth was once attacked by gamma ray explosion, and the phenomenon of two suns will appear in the sky. 70% of the atmosphere will be destroyed, causing the oceanBiochainGrass roots were destroyed, and 75% of creatures disappeared from the earth.This was the first mass extinctionvertebrateHas become the new overlord on the earth.
Scientists have discovered that a mysterious short gamma ray burst may produce high-energy radiation that hit the earth in the eighth century AD.If the same situation occurs in modern times, it may cause satellite damage, or even destroy the Earth's ozone layer, causing a devastating impact on life on the Earth.
In 2012, scientists announced that high levels of carbon 14 isotope and beryllium-10 content were detected in the annual rings of ancient trees. These ancient trees were formed in 775 A.D., which implied that the cosmic high-energy radiation hit the earth in 774 A.D. or 775 A.D.When high-energy radiation from space collides with atoms in the upper atmosphere, carbon-14 and beryllium-10 are formed.
Through research, scientists ruled out the possibility of supernova explosion closer to the solar system, because people did not record abnormal phenomena in the sky, and modern astronomy did not observe possible celestial debris.
Therefore, scientists put forward another explanation, thinking that this cosmic high-energy radiation attack on the Earth may be due to the merger of two celestial bodies.When this happens, some gamma rays will be released. The merger of celestial bodies is accompanied by a short and strong gamma burst, but it is visiblelight waveThere may be no sign on the segment.
Scientists also pointed out that such celestial events would not be less than 3000 away from the sunLight yearBecause strong gamma bursts and celestial energy release that occur less than this distance can lead to the extinction of life on Earth.Astronomers are also looking for this mysterious cosmic collision debris, which may be a 1200 year oldblack hole, or the neutron magnitude at 3000-12000 light years.
Scientists say that the earth is unlikely to encounter the same situation again, but if it happens again,the outer spaceModernArtificial satelliteIt will bear the brunt of the impact. High energy radiation will also paralyze ground communication and meteorological research centers.If the strong gamma ray bursts are closer to the earth, the radiation power will be enough to destroyozone layer, which will have a devastating impact on life on Earth.[7]
Baby universe
Gamma bursts occur inUniverse 6When he was 30 million years old, he directly confirmed thatBaby universeIn which exploding stars and newly bornblack hole。"This newly discovered gamma burst broke all records," Berger said."It easily transcends the most distant galaxies anda quasar。In fact, it shows that we can use these spectacular events to find the first generation stars and galaxies. "
Once the nuclear fuel of a massive star is exhausted, it collapses into a black hole orneutron star, ejecting gas through the gas shell ejected by the star at the end of lifeJetA typical gamma ray burst occurs.These jets heat the gas and produce a brief afterglow observed at other wavelengths."The afterglow of the explosion provides us with a lot of information about the exploding star and its environment," said Nial Tanvir of Leicester University."But because the afterglow is fading so fast, we must quickly aim and locate them."
Tanvir and his colleagues used theBritish Infrared TelescopeDetected aInfrared source。At the same time, Berger and Derek Fox of the University of Pennsylvania obtained infrared images of afterglow with Monakia's Gemini North Telescope.
Astronomers noticed that the source existed in the longest wavelength image, but not in the shortest micron wavelength image.This "missing" corresponds to an accurate distance of 13.035 billion light years, or a redshift of 8.2, making it the most distantcelestial bodies。Only the former record holder found that its red shift was 6.7, or 190 million light years, and GRB 090423 clearly became the new leader.
Latest findings
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2016
Mass extinction is always associated with "bad luck" and "darkness". It can always affect our thoughts and expand our imagination.After all, the speculation that the extinction of dinosaurs might be caused by asteroid impact sounds so legendary.
But not all mass extinctions are so dramatic, nor are all the culprits so easy to identify.The Ordovician extinction, which occurred 450 million years ago, is one of the five major historical events of the earth, leading to a sharp decline in the number of marine species.Evidence shows that this great change took place in the Ice Age, and the gamma ray burst is one of the most likely reasons to trigger this mass extinction event[8]。
At 21:17 on October 9, 2022 (Beijing time), LHAASO, HEBS and Insight HXMT simultaneously detected the brightest gamma ray burst (NoGRB 221009A）。This is the first time that China has realized the joint observation of gamma ray bursts by multiple means of heaven and earth, and has exclusively achieved the multi spectral fine measurement of gamma ray bursts from the highest dozens of teraelectron volts photons (LHAASO) to megaelectron volts gamma rays (HEBS) and kiloelectron volts X-ray (clairvoyance), spanning nine orders of magnitude.[9]
At 2:00 a.m. on March 29, 2023 (Beijing time), the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly released the research results of GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma ray burst so far, with more than 40 scientific research institutions around the world.China's "Insight" satellite, in conjunction with the "Polar" space telescope, accurately detected this once in a thousand year gamma ray burst and made important scientific achievements.[11]On June 9, a reporter from CCTV learned from the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that its researchers had conducted a complete monitoring of a gamma ray burst in the universe through the high-altitude cosmic ray observatory in Daocheng, Sichuan Province, which is the first time that humans have fully recorded the whole process of this high-energy explosion phenomenon.Relevant research results are published online in the international academic journal Science.[12]
