The term "hotel" was originally used in French, referring to the villas where French nobles entertained distinguished guests in the countryside.Later, the European and American hotel industry continued to use this term.In China, there are many different names such as "hotel", "hotel", "hotel", "mansion", "resort", "leisure villa", etc. due to regional and customary differences.
The hotel is a special place that provides services to guests mainly through guest rooms, catering, entertainment and other facilities and a variety of related service items relying on buildings.In other words, a hotel is an economic entity that uses space equipment, places and certain consumer materials to meet the needs of guests for accommodation, catering, entertainment, shopping, recreation and other purposes through reception services to achieve economic and social benefits.
The development of productivity has promoted the development of the hotel industry.The first is the emergence of money, commodity trading and business activities of businessmen. The emergence of such activities is a prerequisite for the beginning of the hotel. Later, as commodity activities expand the scope of human activities, resulting in more needs such as living, the basic functions of the hotel are increasing day by day, which is not difficult to find from the four development stages of the hotel.
The first period: the inn period
It was born before the 18th century. It was called Inn at that time. It was poorly equipped and had poor security. It could only provide accommodation and food. The service quality was poor.
The second period: luxury hotel period
It came into being at the beginning of the 19th century, when the British Industrial Revolution promoted the development of productive forces and brought human society into the industrial era.The first luxury hotel villa was built in France.At this time, the hotel's reception objects were mainly princes, dignitaries, businessmen, and upper class vacationers. The purpose of reception was non-profit, and it was often built in cities and along the railway.
At the same time, due to the emergence of the steam engine, the commodities are further enriched, and the transportation is also beginning to develop, which leads to the change of the opening location of the hotel.
The third period: the period of commercial hotels
From the beginning of the 20th century to World War II, the first commercial hotel appeared in the United States, located in the center of the city or beside the highway. At that time, the hotel could provide comfortable, convenient and clean services. Safety was the service tenet, and the price was reasonable.At this time, the auto hotel has begun to appear.
The fourth period: modern hotel period
It began in the 1940s and has been since.At this time, the hotel has some obvious characteristics, such as hotel chain operation, more professional hotel market positioning, all types of hotels make full use of high-tech (install Internet in the guest rooms, use new decorative materials, etc.);At the same time, guests require the hotel to provide more personalized services.
gradation
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1. Classification of hotels
(1) Classification according to the nature of use:
① Business hotel.It mainly receives guests engaged in business activities and serves business activities.Such guests have high requirements for the location of the hotel, which requires the hotel to be close to the urban area or the commercial center.Its passenger flow is generally not affected by the season and has a big change.Business hotels have complete facilities and services.
② Resort hotel.It mainly receives guests on vacation, and is mostly built near seashore, hot springs and scenic spots.Its operation is seasonal.Resort hotels are required to have relatively complete entertainment equipment.
③ Long stay hotel.Provide long-term accommodation services for tenants.The guest rooms of such hotels are mostly family style, mainly suites. The larger rooms can be used by one family, while the smaller rooms can only be used by one person.It not only provides the service of ordinary hotels, but also provides the service of ordinary families.
④ Conference hotel.It is a hotel that mainly receives conference passengers. In addition to accommodation and entertainment, it also provides conference representatives with transfer stations, conference materials printing, video recording, tourism and other services.It is required to have relatively complete conference service facilities (large and small conference roomsfacilities for simultaneous interpretation, projector, etc.) and fully functional entertainment facilities.
⑤ Sightseeing hotel.It mainly serves sightseeing tourists and is mostly built in tourist spots. Its business characteristics not only meet the needs of tourists for food and accommodation, but also require public service facilities to meet the comprehensive needs of tourists for rest, entertainment and shopping, so as to make tourism life colorful and enjoy both spiritually and materially.
(2) Classification according to building scale
There is no unified standard for the scale of hotels and tourism administrative departments. The common classification method is to divide the number of rooms and beds into three types: large, medium and small
① Small hotel with less than 300 guest rooms;
② Medium sized hotel with 300-600 guest rooms;
③ Large hotel with more than 600 guest rooms.
2. Classification of hotels
In the world, the hotel rating system is mostly star rated. In China, the hotel rating is based on the "Star Standard of the People's Republic of China for Foreign related Hotels", which is one star, two stars, three stars, four stars and five stars.Five stars are the highest level. On the basis of five stars, there will be five platinum stars.
The star rating of the hotel is determined after comprehensive investigation and comprehensive evaluation according to its construction, decoration, equipment, facility conditions and maintenance status, management level and service quality, and the number of service items.
The concept of false village
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(1) The resort is a combination of three factors: ① it can provide entertainment facilities to attract guests; ②Able to provide accommodation, food, beverage and other services for outgoing guests; ③Provide activities to enrich the stay time of guests.According to the combination of accommodation facilities and hotels, resorts can be divided into different categories (Table 1-1), and resort hotels are the most common form of resorts.?
(2) The so-called tourist resort is a form of tourism development for people to receive tourists for various purposes.It is an independent economic entity, which provides tourists with all the tourism products that form a complete set, and obtains economic benefits.?
(3) The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines a resort as a residential group designed for tourists to stay for a long time.In its full price, in addition to accommodation fees, there are also fees for the use of public equipment, sports and entertainment facilities.?
In the above three concepts of tourist resorts, we can conclude that tourist resorts have the following common points: ① take the holiday market and conference market as the target market;Secondly, the location must be selected to meet the holiday needs; ②Provide a full range of entertainment and service facilities.But these points can only reflect the commonness between tourist resorts and tourist resorts, but what is a tourist resort?Is it an independent business unit or a residential complex?In this paper, the author tends to regard tourism resorts as a collection of accommodation facilities for vacation services.Because vacationing is a long-term behavior of vacationers, it must involve accommodation.Table 1.1 clearly shows that tourist resorts include all kinds of vacation accommodation facilities that we know now. Definition 3 also shows that resorts are residential groups that provide supporting facilities for vacation services. In this sense, accommodation facilities should be regarded as the key features of tourist resorts.Based on the above analysis, we can draw a definition of the concept of a resort: a tourist resort is a residential facility (residential complex) with beautiful natural landscape and complete entertainment and service facilities for vacation and conference services.?
The difference between the two
My understanding is that the hotel is developed based on one form and multiple styles, standing side by side with cities and resorts
The resort is built in the tourist area or for tourism. There is a hotel design in the resort
