ApiaceaeUmbelliferaLower family, usually hollow in stemaromatic plantMost of them are annual or perennial herbs.The leaves are alternate, and the leaves are usually divided or multi divided. The compound leaves are divided into one palmate division or 1-4 pinnate divisions.Flowers small, bisexual or polygamous, terminal or axillaryCompound umbelOr singleUmbel。[3]
There are about 90 genera and more than 500 species in China, which are distributed all over the country.[3]
Umbelliferae includes many edibleVegetablesAnd spices.Umbelliferae is named because its inflorescence is umbelliform.[2]
In 1672, R. Morrison divided Umbelliferae plants into 9 genera and 165 species for the first time according to the characteristics of fruits.C. von Linnai recorded 45 genera in his Flora (1753), especially the existence of involucre and bracteole.In 1898, O. Drude summarized the research achievements of predecessors and divided Umbelliferae intoCilanteridae（Hydrocotyloideae）、Alternariaceae(Saniculoideae) andApioideae (Apioideae) 3 families.This system is widely used by scholars all over the world.[1]
morphological character
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stem
Annual to perennialherbaceous, rarely dwarf shrubs (in tropical and subtropical regions).The roots are usually straight, fleshy and thick, sometimes conical or with branches inclined from the root neck, and few roots are in bundles, cylindrical or stick shaped.Stems erect or creeping, usually round, slightly ribbed and grooved, or obtuse ribbed, hollow or pitted.[3]
leaf
Leaves alternate, usually divided or multi split, compound leaves with one palmate split or 1-4 pinnate split, or compound leaves with 1-2 triplicate pinnate split, rarely single leaves;The base of petiole has leaf sheath, usually withoutStipule, thin is membrane.[3]
FLOWER
Flowers small, bisexual or polygamous, terminal or axillaryCompound umbelOr singleUmbel, rarely capitate;The base of the umbel has an involucre, which is entire, toothed, rarely pinnately divided;The base of umbellule has small involucral bracts, entire or rarely pinnately divided;Calyx adnate to ovary, calyx teeth 5 or absent;Petals 5, arranged in the shape of tiles or tweezers in the bud, narrow at the base, sometimes clawed or rolled into a small capsule, blunt round at the top or with inward folded small tongue or extended as thin lines at the top;Stamens 5, alternate with petals.ovary inferior , 2-locular, each locule has an pendulous ovule, with a discoid or short conic styloplastum at the top;Styles 2, erect or decurved, stigma capitate.[3]
fruit
In most cases, the fruit is dry, usually split into two mericarps, rarely unbroken, ovoid, central, oblong to oval. The fruit is composed of two compressed carpels on the back or side. At maturity, the two carpels are separated from the commissure, and each carpel has a slender carpel handle connected with the fruit handle and hanging upside down. Therefore, the two mericarps are also calledDouble fruitThe top of the carpel stalk splits or splits to the base. There are 5 main ribs (1 dorsal, 2 middle, and 2 lateral) on the outside of the carpel. The surface of the exocarp is smooth or has hairs, prickles, and tumor like projections. There are grooves between the ribs. Sometimes the grooves develop into secondary ribs, but the main ribs are not developed. Very few of the main and secondary ribs (9 in total) are also developed;There are usually 1 to many longitudinal oil tubes in the furrows and commissure in the mesocarp layer.[3]
endospermCartilaginous, the ventral surface of endosperm is straight, protruding or concave, and the embryo is small.[3]
Distribution range
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There are about 270 genera and 2800 species of Umbelliferae (Apiaceae, Umbelliferae).It is widely distributed in northern temperate zone to tropical and subtropical mountain areas.[2]
There are about 95 genera and more than 580 species in China, which are produced all over the country, with the most in the west, less in the southeast, and 56 genera in the northwest, of which 24 genera are only produced in Xinjiang in China, such asDiplocanthus（Schrenkia）、Apium（Hymenolyma）、Celery tuber（Krasnovia）、Parsley（Stenocoelium）、Apium（Schultzia）、cenolophium koch （Cenolophium）、Apium(Scaligeria) and so on. Most of them are from Central Asia to Siberia.[2]
Undergraduate plants play a certain role in the national economy, many of which can be used as medicinal materials, vegetables, spices, pesticides, etc.In medicine, such as famous Chinese medicinal materialsChinses angelica、rhizome of chuanxiong、Angelica dahurica、Peucedanum、Windbreak、Bupleurum chinense、Angelica pubescens、Ligusticum sinense、Changium smyrnioides、Notopterygium incisum、Codonopsis lanceolataThese categories enjoy high reputation in the domestic and foreign markets.In recent years, great attention has been paid to the research of Umbelliferae plants at home and abroad, and some chemical components have been found to have various physiological activities, such as the treatment of coronary heart disease, tumor, leukoplakia, etc., and preliminary curative effects and achievements have been obtained;Various umbelliferae plants are widely used by local people to prevent and cure diseases.In terms of vegetable consumption, coriander, celery, cress, carrots, etc. are commonly cultivated. In addition, herbs, dill, etc. are used as spices;Poisonous celery, prickly celery and poisonous ginseng are used for agricultural medicine.[2]
