Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,Jinsha RiverThe Niulanjiang River basin, a tributary of Yunnan Province, is located in Huize County, north of Qujing City, northeast Yunnan Province.Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve consists of Daqiao District and Changhaizi District.The main protection object is the ecological environment of the black necked crane and its wintering habitat wetland, which belongs to the wildlife type nature reserve.[1]
On November 30, 2023, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration announced the List of Important Habitats for Terrestrial Wildlife (the first batch), and Huize Bridge in Yunnan - Changhaizi Black necked Crane Important Habitat was selected.[8]
Chinese name
Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve[2]
Protection zone level
national level[2]
geographical position
Daqiao Township, Huize County, Yunnan Province[2][7]
Area
12910.64 hectares[2]
Protection object
Black necked crane, Chinese merganser, black stork, golden eagle, etc[2]
In 1990, Huize Black necked Crane Nature Reserve was established;
In 1994, it was promoted to the provincial black necked crane nature reserve;
The national nature reserve approved by the State Council on February 26, 2006 was included in the List of Important Wetlands in China by the China Wetland Protection Action Plan.[1]
On November 30, 2023, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration announced the List of Important Habitats for Terrestrial Wildlife (the first batch), and Huize Bridge in Yunnan Changhaizi Black necked Crane was selected as an important habitat.[8]
geographical environment
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position
Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve consists of Daqiao District and Changhaizi District.Daqiao area is located in Daqiao sub watershed of Daqiao Township, Huize County, 42 kilometers away from the county seat, with the geographical coordinates of 103 ° 12'06 "~103 ° 22'02" east longitude and 26 ° 38'00 "~26 ° 44'24 north latitude. Changhaizi area is located in the Changhaizi watershed of Zhehai Town, Huize County, 52 kilometers away from the county seateast longitude103 ° 33'36 "～ 103 ° 39'00", 26 ° 34'08 "～ 26 ° 39'36" north latitude.[3]
Daqiao National Black necked Crane Nature Reserve
topographic features
The protected area is located in the fold belt of Huize County, the platform fold belt of the eastern Yunnan of the Yangtze paraplatform, and the regional structure is distributed in the northeast direction throughout the whole area, which is the main structure in the area.The neotectonic movement in this area is mainly characterized by uneven upward movement, and no obvious active fault structure is found.According to《Seismic intensity zoning map of China》The seismic intensity is classified as VIII.
The Daqiao area is located in the middle mountain area with complex terrain, forming high mountains and deep valleys, narrow valleys and steep mountains.The southwest, northwest and northeast of Daqiaohaizi (reservoir) are higher, and the lowest point is in the southeast, with an altitude of 2470m.Changhaizi area is centered on Changhaizi Reservoir, surrounded by mountains on all sides, and only the west has a narrow valley mouth, which is the outlet of the basin.[4]
climate
The dry and wet seasons in the bridge area are obvious, and the four seasons are not clear. It is warm and cool in summer and autumn, and cold in winter and spring.The annual average temperature is 9.6 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 918.20mm, the frost free period is 240 days, and the annual average wind speed is 2.5m/s;The annual average temperature in Changhaizi area is 11 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 841.9mm, and the annual average wind speed is 2.6m/s.
hydrology
Daqiaohaizi is located on the Yangmeishan River (Huangcao River), a tertiary tributary on the right bank of the lower Jinsha River, with a drainage area of 135.5 km.Changhaizi is located in Leye River basin, with a drainage area of 3.13 km. Leye River flows into Niulan River.
The water quality of the two Haizi in Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve is excellent. According to the analysis of Huize County Environmental Monitoring Station, the water quality meets the requirements of Class I water quality standard of the national surface water environmental quality standard (GB3838-2002).
The underground water in Huize Black necked Crane Reserve is mainly of extrusive rocks（basalt）Fissure water, clastic rock fissure water and loose rock pore water.
Daqiao Reservoir and Changhaizi Reservoir are the main discharge areas of groundwater in the two areas of the Reserve.[4]
soil
The soil types in Huize Black necked Crane Reserve are mainlyred earth。The soil in the Daqiao area is mostly dark red soil, with few brown soil. The soil is slightly acidic, thick, sandy and low fertility.Changhaizi area is mainly distributed with red soil and a small amount of non zonal swamp soil, meadow soil, paddy soil and red soil with thick soil layer, low organic matter content and low fertility.[4]
Regional scope
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The total area of the reserve is 12910.64 hectares, including 9076.28 hectares of Daqiao area and 3834.36 hectares of Changhaizi area.The core area is 3930.79 hectares, accounting for 30.45% of the reserve area;The buffer zone covers 4313.20 hectares, accounting for 33.40%;The test area covers 4666.65 hectares, accounting for 36.15%.
Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve
Protection object
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The main protected objects of Huize Black necked Crane National Nature Reserve are the black necked crane and the wetland ecological environment of its wintering habitat, in addition to the national first-class protected animals, the black storkChinese MerganserAnd 102 other birds.[5]
plant resources
① There are 118 families, 317 genera and 482 species of wild vascular plants recorded in the Reserve, including 48 species, 30 genera and 17 families of pteridophytes;There are 436 species, 287 genera and 103 families of seed plants (including 12 species, 9 genera and 4 families of gymnosperms; 422 species, 278 genera and 97 families of angiosperms).
② The vegetation types of the Reserve can be divided into evergreen broad-leaved forestDeciduous broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forestvegetation type , sparse trees, shrubs, bushes, meadows, aquatic vegetation and dry land.[4]
Animal resources
There are 186 species of terrestrial vertebrates in 4 classes, 23 orders, 58 families in Huize Black necked Crane Reserve.Among them, there are 28 species in 15 families of 6 orders of Mammalia;Birds: 131 species, 36 families, 14 orders;Reptilia, 2 orders, 3 families, 13 species;Amphibia: 1 order, 4 families, 6 species.[6]
Among mammals, leopard cat and black and white flying squirrel are listed as vulnerable and endangered animals in the Red Book of China's Endangered Animals (Wang Song, 1998).Among birdsblack necked Crane, Black StorkChinese Merganser、Golden Eagle4 species are national Class I key protected animals, includingWhite Spoonbill, mandarin duck, black winged kite, sparrow eagle, sparrow eagle, common buzzard, magpie kiteKestrel., white bellied golden pheasant, grey craneCoir feather crane7 species are national Class II key protected animals, and 3 species are provincial key protected birds in Yunnan, including the spotted headed goose, the red duck and the black pillow oriole.Among these protected birds, one species of black necked crane is listed in Annex I of CITES, and three species of black stork, white spoonbill, coir crane and golden eagle are listed in Annex II of CITES.One amphibianDouble breasted frog, listed as vulnerable animals in the "China Red Book on Endangered Animals".[4]There are about 5000 other waterfowl in the Reserve, including grebesPodiceps cristatus , red headed gulls and other 17 species, as well as herons in the order of storiformes belonging to wading birdsPond heronLittle egret, blue breasted crake in the order of cranesRuddy-breasted Crake 21 species of crested pheasants, golden spotted pheasants, etc.Among them, the larger number isGreen winged duck, spotted billed ducks, etc.
The black necked crane is a national Grade I key protected wild animal. Huize Black necked Crane Reserve is one of the main wintering places for Chinese black necked cranes. Usually, there are more than 500 black necked cranes wintering here.
The wintering habitat of black necked cranes mainly consists of marsh wetlands and grasslands, of which marsh wetlands account for more than 60%, grasslands account for 20-38%, and farmland and shallow water wetlands account for less than 10%.
National Class II key protected wild animals.According to the survey organized by the Provincial Forestry Department in 2002, there are more than 740 gray cranes in the reserve, including 690 bridges and 40 Changhaizi cranes.According to the comprehensive scientific survey in February 2009, the number of grey cranes has decreased to more than 400.
(3) Chinese merganserMergus squamatus
National Class I key protected wild animals are rare occasionally.On the afternoon of January 13, 2004, a pair of mixed flocks with mallard ducks were found in Daqiao Reservoir in the shallow water.On the morning of February 4 and 5, 2009, two groups of common merganser were found on the water surface at the head and tail of Daqiao Reservoir.
(4) Black StorkCiconia nigra
National Class I key protected animal, which is listed in Appendix II of CITES, is an occasional winter migratory bird.One was found in the Daqiao area in the winter of 2003, and two were found in Changhaiwei on December 13, 2008.
(5) Golden carvingAguila chrgsaetosAnd other raptors
Golden EagleAguila chrgsaetosNational Class I key protected animal, rare resident bird.Occasionally, there are few people hovering over the wetland.
Other raptors include the black winged bird sparrow hawk, sparrow hawk, common buzzard, harrier and kestrel, who often live over the wetland and wait for prey.According to the Scientific Research Report, there are still a few owls in the area, but their species have not been determined.
National Class II key protected animals, with occasional migratory birds or winter birds.Two were found in winter 2008.
(7) Mandarin duckAix galericulata
National Class II key protected wild animals.There was no record in the Reserve in the past. On February 8, 2007, Yang Hua, a villager of Daqiao, found a female mandarin duck that had been pecked to death by raptors.
Yunnan provincial-level protected wild animals.More than 500 were found on the bridge on February 5, 2009Bar headed gooseGather at the waterside of Haizitou for the night.According to the Scientific Research Report, Huize Black necked Crane Reserve is the wintering place with the largest number of bar headed geese in the province, accounting for more than half of the total number of bar headed geese.
(9) Sesame duckTadorna ferruginea
Yunnan provincial-level protected wild animals.According to the survey of important wetlands in the province in 2002, there were about 6000 wetlands in total, including more than 2300 in Huize Bridge and Changhai, accounting for 38% of the total.In 2004, there were 3880 ducks in Huizeye Station, and in 2008, there were about 2500 ducks, with an average of about 3000 ducks, accounting for 50% of the total number of main wetlands in the province.During the scientific investigation, the maximum number of clusters was 123.During the investigation from February 3 to 8, 2009, the number of animals was significantly reduced, and the total number was only more than 1000.
Traveling birds are occasionally seen in winter.There were no records in Yunnan Province in the past. In December 1999, farmers in Jinzhong Town, Huize County captured two geese, and on February 4, 2009, one was found in a flock of spotted geese on the bridge.[4]
protective measures
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Since the promotion of the National Reserve, the Reserve has carried out the following resource management and protection work:
In the way of combining professionals and local community masses, local patrol personnel shall be employed to patrol and watch the protected species (mainly black necked cranes and gray cranes, including other large waterfowl wintering here) in the Reserve, mainly seasonal patrol.
During the period of freezing due to heavy snow or in the case of lack of food sources, the management personnel feed the black necked crane manually, providing food sources for the crane during the difficult period of finding food, and ensuring the safety of the black necked crane in winter.
Swamp land is the main living environment for black necked cranes. To provide better living space and environment for black necked cranes, a 100m long barrage was built in Changhaizi area from August 10, 2008 to August 18, 2008, 1000m south of the tail of the reservoir. An effective swamp wet land area of 2000m was added around the barrage, providing a good place for black necked cranes to live and forage.
The black necked cranes need an open grassland (meadow) environment for survival. In order to improve the habitat environment of the black necked cranes and expand their foraging areas, grassland restoration works will be carried out around the waters of Changhaizi District from August 1, 2008 to August 15, 2008 according to the planning requirements.The grass seeds are mainly composed of ryegrass, clover, tall goat grass and other grass seeds, taking into account the characteristics of cold and drought resistance, and mixed sowing is carried out by means of hole sowing and drilling, successfully restoring the grassland area to 1000 mu.[4]
