Enterprise resources refer to anything that can be called the strength or weakness of an enterprise, anything that can serve as the basis for an enterprise to select and implement its strategy, such asPortfolio, attribute characteristics, external relationsbrand image, staff, management talents, intellectual property, etc.[1]
It is the monetary embodiment of the enterprise's material and non-material elements, which is specifically reflected in the fact that what has occurred can be recorded in the accounts by accounting methodsMonetary measurementOfeconomic resources Including funds, creditor's rights and other rights.It includes not only the size of static scale, but also the dynamic turnover status. To some extent, it also includes enterprises' acquisition and control of theseResource elementsAbility and level.The tools that reflect the financial resources of an enterprise are a series offinancial statements。In the enterprise financial resource system, the most important resource is capital.Financial resources areEnterprise business capabilityOfeconomic baseIt is also the basic condition for the formation and development of other resources.
It mainly includes space-time resources, information resources, technical resourcesBrand resources、Cultural resourcesAnd management resources.be relative toTangible Resources For example,Intangible resourcesIt seems that there is no obvious material carrier and it seems invisible, but they become the supportEnterprise developmentAnd can bring incomparable advantages to enterprises.
Spatiotemporal resources
It refers to what enterprises can use in the market aspublic resource Economic time and economic space.Time resource (economic time) refers to the natural time orCalendar Time。space resources(Economic space) refers to the direct transformation and utilization of human labor, and the acceptance of realityEconomic factorsNatural space for operation.“Time is money”、“The weather is not as good as the place”And other proverbs, respectively, illustrate the importance of time resources and space resources.
Technical resources
Broadly speaking, technical resources include direct and indirect technologies that form products and productionProcess technology、equipment maintenance Technology, financial management technologyProduction and operationOfmanagerial skills。In addition, technical resources should also include skillsinformation gatheringAnd analytical techniquesmarketing managementMethods, planning skills, negotiation and marketing skills, etcmarket development Technology.Technical resources are important factors that determine the business achievements of enterprises, and their effectiveness depends on a certain level of financial resources andMaterial resources。
A series of indicatorsEnterprise productsThe intangible factors of identity constitute resources.Brand resources can be subdivided intoProduct brand、Service brandandCorporate brandThree types.Brand resources, especiallywell-known trademark Our brand (also known as famous brand) is crucial to the success or failure of enterprise operation, and famous brand is crucial to the maintenance of enterpriseCustomer loyaltyIt has incomparable advantages in developing new markets and promoting new products.
Cultural resources
Is created byCorporate image、Corporate reputation、Enterprise cohesion、Organizational morale、managerial styleAnd a series of intangible factors with cultural characteristics.AndTangible Resources In comparison, it lacks direct quantitative characteristics and an objective data base, and is composed of a series of social images orCultural imageThe formation and development of cultural resources is the cumulative result of the effectiveness of other resources, which can be transferred to the merged or controlled companies and newly established enterprisesBrand reputationIt can also be transferred from the original product to the new product.
Manage Resources
Management is the effective integration of enterprise resources to achieve enterprisebuilt-in agendaDynamics of responsibilityCreative activitiesIt is an integration agent for enterprises to exert the effectiveness of many resources, and it is also a very important resource element for enterprises.It directly affects and even determines the overall effectiveness of enterprise resources.Management resources should includeEnterprise management system, organization, enterprise management strategy.
human resources
Means existing inEnterprise Organization SystemThe sum of internal and available external personnel, including their physical strength, intelligenceinterpersonal relationship、psychological featureAnd a summary of their knowledge and experience.On the one hand, human resources represent a certain material existence - the number of personnel, and more importantly, intangible materials such as the internal physical strength, intelligence, interpersonal relationships, knowledge and experience, and psychological characteristics of these employees.Therefore, human resources are tangible and intangible unified resources.It is the most important part of the enterprise resource structureKey resources, is the carrier of enterprise technology resources and information resources, is the operator of other resources, determines the level of effectiveness of all resources.
Market resources
It refers to those that are not owned or controlled by the enterprise, but exist in the market, and are unique because of the strong competitive strength of the enterprisebusiness strategySkills and a wide network of relationships can be used for their own resources.In modern economyeconomic performanceAnd functional market transactions. Generally speaking, market resources mainly include the following:
It refers to the resources that can be used outside the enterprise due to the good relationship between the enterprise and customers, government, community, financial institutions and other individuals or organizations, among which, special attention should be paid toCustomer relationshipresources.The enterprise has established long-term good cooperation with customersCustomer loyaltyIn this way, customers will become an important resource for enterprises to gain strong competitive advantages.
Leveraged resources
It means that although it is not owned by the enterprise, the enterprise can use OEM production, franchiseFranchise chain、Virtual operationAnd other means for our use.OEM production, franchising, franchise chain and other methods can often leverage more resources with less investment to serve their own business. The utilization of such resources is similar to that in physicsLever principleVery similar.
It mainly refers to the events or characters that can be used by the society and can bring advantages or business help to the enterprise itself, especially the celebrities, objects and various influential events in the real society.In real business, many enterprises hire various celebrities to inscribe for themselves or do publicity activities at great expense, which is a typical example of using social resources.
Historical and cultural resources
It refers to cultural resources widely existing in society, such as various historical celebrities, historical stories and cultural legends.The key is to explore and apply it first.Sometimes, historical and cultural resources are fabricated by the enterprise itself and have a certain positive impactMythological literatureStories, etc.
Other market resources
In addition to the above mentioned material or spiritual forms that can be used by enterprises and form a certain competitive advantage or bring support, help and benefits to enterprises.The so-called opportunity is omnipresent, the key is to see the broad horizon of operators and the level of strategy.The same is true for enterprise management. As long as we are good at using our brains, many things that look worthless can also be used for us, such as garbage and waste productsacquiring corporationIt can also turn waste into treasure.
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Composition of enterprise resources[2]
Resources are the foundation of the company's growth.Without sufficient advantageous resources, enterprises are difficult to develop.If an enterprise does not know its own resource composition, it cannot know itself and the other, and it is impossible to win in the competition.On the contrary, if we makecompetitorIf we are very clear about the structure of our resources, we can accurately judge various situations and stand in an invincible position.Therefore, we should do a good jobEnterprise strategic managementTo work, we must be clear about the resources of the enterprise, know where our strengths and weaknesses lie, and strive to gather superior resources to promote the enterprise to move towards higher goals.
Tangible assetsIt means that you canBalance SheetAssets reflected on, such as real estateProduction equipment, raw materials, etc.Intangible assets, including the company's reputation, brand, culturetechnical knowledge, patents, trademarks and various accumulated knowledge and experience.Intangible assets will not be consumed in use. On the contrary, if properly used, they will appreciate.Intangible assets are often companiescompetitive edgeThe foundation of.DisneyThe most important intangible assets are Disney's brandMickey MouseandDonald DuckImage, etc.Human resources and organizational capabilities are realistic and complex combinations of assets and management factors.hisevaluating indicator Faster, more agile, higher quality, etc.It can be reflected in lean manufacturing, high-quality production, and marketRapid responseAnd so on.For example, Disney believes that the spirit of cooperation and ability are important organizational capabilities for its success.
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Aggregation of enterprise resources
Obviously,Enterprise growthIt is also the process of enterprise resource aggregation.Enterprise marketThe competitive advantage of enterprise resources is mainly reflected in the competition of enterprise resources.When enterprises gather superior resources, they must first make clear the goal of gathering superior resources.Generally speaking, the main objectives of enterprises to gather superior resources are: to better meetEnterprise developmentHas unique resources to meet the needs of enterprisesDifferentiated operationNeeds;Have a large number of resources to strengthen the foundation of enterprise competition;Find ways to enhance the life of effective resources of enterprises and improve theirGold content。[3]
staydevelopment strategy At the level, enterprise resource aggregation mainly has the following directions to choose from:
