Mycoplasma hominis

mycoplasma

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Mycoplasma hominis (MH) mycoplasma It exists in Urinary system and genitals It can cause urinary system infection and genital inflammation.

Chinese name: Mycoplasma hominis
Foreign name: M.hominis

Abbreviation: MH
Type: mycoplasma

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Features

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nothing cell wall And precursors, Organelle Very few. DNA The content of G+C is low, and there are very small Chromosome Its molecular weight is about 45 × 108, and the cell size is about 0.2-0.3 μ m, rarely more than 1.0 μ m. From three floors protein and lipid It is composed of membrane like structure and a layer of hair like structure. Mycoplasma consists of Dichotomy It breeds in various forms. Common for Mycoplasma Dyeing method Not easy to stain, use Giemsa stain Very shallow, Gram dyeing Is negative. Mycoplasma hominis can be found in Chicken embryo villus Allantois On membrane or cell culture Medium growth. use culture medium Cultivation. Nutritional requirements are higher than bacteria. Because it has no cell wall, it has no effect on antibiotics that affect cell wall synthesis, such as penicillin And so on, but erythromycin 、 tetracycline 、 Kanamycin 、 streptomycin 、 chloramphenicol Act on Ribosome Antibiotics that can inhibit or affect mycoplasma Of protein synthesis , especially with PHMB Bactericidal Yin cleaning lotion It can kill mycoplasma, and mycoplasma can resist heat Resistance Poor, usually 55 ℃ can be treated for 15 minutes Inactivation 。 Carbolic acid, Lai Suer Easy to kill. Urea was placed in the culture medium and Manganese sulfate do indicator It is easy to differentiate from other mycoplasmas.

epidemiology

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Due to limited diagnostic conditions and naming problems. There is no systematic population survey data in China, and mycoplasma can exist in health carrier , while in the case of sex offenders, homosexuals, sex practitioners (men/women) gonorrhea In patients Detection rate High, the carrier rate of healthy people in 7 regions reported in China is Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) accounted for 10.59%, and Mycoplasma hominis (MH) accounted for 5.34%. The detection rate of UU and MH in sexual disorder was 71.7% and 19.57% respectively. The survey shows that the more sexual partners, the greater the sexual activity index, UU and MH infection rate The higher.

Transmission and pathogenicity

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Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) is widespread in nature. Adults are mainly transmitted through sexual contact, and newborns are infected by the mother's reproductive tract during childbirth. Mh is associated with a variety of urogenital tract infections, such as nongonococcal urethritis, female cervicitis, adnexitis, infertility and other diseases^[1] The infection site of adult male is in the mucous membrane of urethra, and the infection site of female is in the cervix. Newborn mainly causes conjunctivitis and pneumonia 。 Some studies believe that mycoplasma and Nongonococcal urethritis 、 Epididymitis etc. Sexually transmitted diseases Related to prostatitis 、 urethritis 、 pyelonephritis , pelvic inflammation, etc Urinary system diseases There are also certain relevance 。 Some studies have shown that Mh is an independent risk factor for AIDS.^[2] Therefore, many hospitals have carried out mycoplasma And treatment. With the improvement of inspection technology, inspection methods susceptibility It is also very high, positive for mycoplasma Detection rate It increases accordingly.

Causes of infection

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mycoplasma yes non-gonococcal urethritis A special type of microorganisms. mycoplasma infection The clinical manifestations are: "yellow urine, reddish urethral orifice, frequent urination, Incontinence , urethral pain, burning sensation ". Mycoplasma hominis, characterized by the need for growth steroid Substance. Mycoplasma hominis colony of bacteria Large, 300~1000 μ m in diameter, typical colonies have "oil Fried Eggs ”The appearance of.

Long term or repeated chlamydia And mycoplasma infection will damage the cervix and Fallopian tube Inner inner membrane, resulting in Infertility 。 Chlamydia and Mycoplasma are mostly infected by a sexual behavior Infectious Repeated infection , should be right sexual partner Simultaneous treatment.

Some people have made a survey, of which the infection rate of male mycoplasma is 33.7%, and that of female mycoplasma is 74.4%. According to the statistical test, P<0.05, it can be considered that the infection rate of mycoplasma is Significant difference , women are higher than men. The causes of mycoplasma hominis infection may be related to men and women reproductive system The structural differences of the. Because the male external genital tract overlaps the urethra Exoparasitism Bacteria are easily washed away by urine, while female reproductive tract and urethra are separate physiological structures, lacking "protection of urinary impulse", so they are more vulnerable to infection than women. Although men are less susceptible to infection than women, this survey shows that men's infection rate It is still high, reaching 33.7%, so men should also pay attention to the prevention of mycoplasma.

Infection countermeasures

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Situation 1: Only detected from urethra and vagina mycoplasma Without any accompanying symptoms.

Countermeasures: No treatment is needed.

Analysis: This "mycoplasma positive" is a normal carrier state, which does not mean that it is pathogenic. If the doctor gives you a full body microbial cultivation , at least dozens of species can be separated pathogen But that doesn't mean you have dozens of diseases. This mycoplasma positive does not mean mycoplasma infection. Mycoplasma can live with people without showing infection sign 。 Moreover, as a normal population, even if drug treatment reduces the carrier rate, after a period of normal sexual behavior, the carrier rate will return to the original level. Therefore, don't panic, let alone abuse drug treatment. Daily cleaning and maintenance should use Ph4 weak acid formula Female care fluid Enough.

Case 2: Mycoplasma is detected, and genital tract inflammation or sexually transmitted diseases are also found.

Countermeasures: Anti mycoplasma treatment.

Analysis: This“ Mycoplasma positive ”It is in an infected state and needs active treatment. After treatment, the carrier rate of mycoplasma is reduced, which helps to accelerate the recovery of reproductive tract diseases or sexually transmitted diseases.

Scenario 3: Pre pregnancy examination Mycoplasma was found positive.

Countermeasures: When there are symptoms or fertility requirements, it is recommended that both men and women should be checked at the same time, and those with positive mycoplasma should be treated formally.

Analysis: Mycoplasma examination before pregnancy Five checks for eugenics 1. Mycoplasma can affect sperm vitality, infect fetus and newborn, and cause premature birth, stillbirth Low birth weight infants 、 Neonatal meningitis Etc. Out of Eugenics Of the consideration, mycoplasma positive should be treated. One week after the regular treatment, Mycoplasma Culture Negative, can be regarded as cured, and can start to prepare for childbirth.

Infection misunderstanding

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Because "human shape Mycoplasma positive ”As human type mycoplasma infection Be treated as“ STD ”The treatment of "repeated failure" is common in hospital outpatient services. So, mycoplasma What kind of thing is it? We know that there is not an absolute sterile Environment, only in Male urethra There are more than 20 kinds of microorganisms in women's vagina. These microorganisms are good and bad, and they restrict each other to form a Equilibrium state 。 Mycoplasma hominis is one kind of microorganism, which is smaller than bacteria Viruses Large, Mycoplasma hominis has weak resistance to external environment, and can be killed at 45 ℃ for 15min. Both infants and the elderly may have mycoplasma hominis in the reproductive tract, and the detection rate in the reproductive tract of adult men and women is very high. The survey shows that mycoplasma can be detected in 34% of normal male urethra and 60.9% of female cervix, but these people have no symptoms. This means that“ Mycoplasma positive ”It is normal and does not require any treatment.

clinical manifestation

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incubation period 1-3 weeks, typical acute stage Symptoms and other non gonorrhea Sexual reproduction urinary tract infection Similar, manifested as urethral tingling, with different degrees Urgency of urination And the frequency of urination and the tingling of urination, especially when the urine is relatively concentrated. Urethral orifice light Redness and swelling The secretion is thin and small, which is serous or purulent. It often needs to squeeze the urethra hard to see the secretion overflow Yu Chen There is a small amount of mucinous secretion at the opening of the urethra, or there is only scab membrane sealing, or there is dirty crotch. About one third of patients may not have any conscious symptoms. It was discovered only during routine inspection. 50% of patients were ignored or misdiagnosed at the first diagnosis, and about 10% - 20% of patients had Gonococcus Double infection 。

Subacute Regular consolidation prostate Infection, patients often appear perineum Distention pain 、 Lumbar acid , discomfort in both sides of the thigh, or tingling from the perineum to the inside of the thigh when lifting the anus. The longitudinal groove of prostate is not obvious or similar in appearance during anal examination Walnut shell It is uneven, and B-mode ultrasonic diagnosis in a few cases can confirm the increase of different degrees. The patients with epididymitis are rare.

Most female patients cervix It is the genital system inflammation with central diffusion. Most patients have no obvious conscious symptoms, and a few patients with severe diseases have a feeling of vaginal drop. When the infection spreads to the urethra, frequent urination and urgency of urination are the main symptoms that attract patients' attention. The infection is confined to the cervix and is manifested as Leukorrhea , turbidity, cervical edema, congestion or surface erosion. The infection extends to the urethra, presenting as urethral orifice Flush There may be a small amount of secretion overflow due to congestion and urethral extrusion, but there are few tenderness appear.

Mycoplasma hominis infection is common complication by Salpingitis , a few patients may appear endometritis and pelvic infection 。

treatment

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mycoplasma infection You can choose to take Archie roxithromycin id 、 Minocycline 、 doxycycline 、 Levofloxacin etc. Broad-spectrum antibiotic The treatment should be carried out continuously, regularly, quantitatively and thoroughly. After 10~20 days of treatment, the results of two reexaminations were negative, and the clinical symptoms disappeared.

preventive measure

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Mycoplasma hominis needs both parties to pay attention to prevention at the same time, and pay attention to cleaning before and after rooming. If one party is found to have Mycoplasma hominis, it is necessary to go to the hospital for inspection and treatment. A course of treatment lasts for 20 days. During the treatment period, you cannot sleep together because not one individual will cause cross infection. After treatment, a menstruation has passed, and the reexamination is the best. The reexamination will be carried out 7 days after drug withdrawal. If it shows negative, you can have a roommate. Both sides should pay attention to cleaning before and after the roommate.

The couple shall Preparing for pregnancy If there is Mycoplasma hominis infection, pregnancy should be resumed after cure; secondly, Early pregnancy If the test is positive, it should be treated in time to avoid damage to the fetus. Non pregnant women can take minocycline, erythromycin and other drugs, and pregnant women can only use erythromycin. Erythromycin has little side effects. Mycoplasma hominis is a disease transmitted through sexual contact, and there are also indirect infections. Therefore, both couples attach importance to sexual hygiene and put an end to uncleanness sex life , to prevent human type mycoplasma infection It is of great significance.

matters needing attention

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Daily precautions: 1. Avoid before curing a sexual behavior 。 2. Abstain from drinking and eating Spicy food Drink more water. 3. Necessary isolation, bath towel Washbasin Bathtubs, toilets, etc. shall be used separately or sterilized after use. 4. Spouses or sexual partners should go to the hospital for examination and treatment. 5. Attention should be paid in the future Safe sex , which should be used correctly in case of high risk Condom 。 6. Use pH4 weak acid female care fluid for daily vaginal cleaning.

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