Means of transport refer to locomotives, passenger and freight vehiclesautomobile, ships, aircraft, etc.Since these means of transport are tools to complete the displacement of passengers and goods, they are also called transportation mobile equipment.According to their degree of independence in transportation activities, they can be divided into three categories: transportation vehicles that do not have passenger and cargo containers but only provide motive power, such as locomotives, carts (tugs), tractors, etc;There is no prime mover, but only the driven transport vehicles loaded with passenger and cargo containers, such as vehicles, trailersBargeEtc;It has both passenger and cargo containers and independent transportation vehicles with motive power, such as shipsautomobile, aircraft, etc.
transportMeans that the transport subject (person or goods) passes throughMeans of transport(orvehicleAnd transportation route), moving from place A to place B to complete aEconomicsThe act of purpose.Therefore, transportation is a kind of "derivative economic behavior", and most of transportation is to complete certain economic behaviors, such asshopping, work, school, visit friends and other needs.
The interaction between the transportation subject and the transportation means on the transportation path istrafficPhenomenon.Therefore, transportation is a movement between two places, and transportation is a phenomenon between two places.The words "transportation" and "transportation" are often mixed,chineseIdiomatic“traffic jam”Instead of "transportation congestion", "transportation path" is not "traffic path".[1]
Classification of means of transport
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Any means of transport can be divided into passenger transport means and cargo transport means according to their purposes.The means of passenger transport is specially designed for transporting passengers. It is a vehicle, ship or aircraft that provides passengers with seats or sleeping berths;The means of cargo transportation is mainly designed for transporting cargo, and refers to the vehicle, ship and machine that provide space for cargo stacking.
Means of railway transport
Railway transport means mainly include railway locomotives, railway vehicles and trains.Railway locomotive israilway transportationPower.The purposeful movement of trains and vehicles on railway lines requires the traction or pushing of locomotives.From the perspective of motive power, locomotives are divided into steam locomotives, diesel locomotives and electric locomotives.railway vehicle It is divided into passenger cars and freight cars, which are composed of car body, running parts, coupler buffer devices and braking devices. Passenger cars include soft seat cars, hard seat cars and sleeping cars, and freight cars mainly include box cars, gondola cars, flat cars, tank carsRefrigerated truck, bulk truck, etc.Other vehicles include dining cars, postal cars, baggage cars and special purpose vehicles that are attached to passenger trains.A train refers to a number of vehicles that are coupled together according to relevant regulations. The train set is coupled to the locomotive and equipped with train attendants and train signs.
Highway transportation vehicles
In the road transport system, transport vehicles mainly include passenger vehicles and freight vehicles.Passenger cars, mini buses, light buses, medium buses, large buses and extra large buses (such as articulated buses, double deck buses, etc.) all belong to the category of passenger vehicles.Freight cars such as gondola cars, box cars, tank cars (tank cars), flat cars, and trailersAutotrainAll belong to the category of cargo vehicles.
Waterway transport
Waterway transport means are also called floating tools (floaters), including ships, barges, boats and rafts.Ship and barge are the core of modern waterway transportation, which are cargo ship and passenger ship respectively.
Cargo ships can be divided into: ①General cargo ship。Specially used for shipmentpackingThe ships carrying miscellaneous goods such as boxes, bags, barrels and bundles account for a large proportion in the transport ships. ②Container ship。Including groceries——Container ship、bulk cargo——Container shipDriving up and down the container shipChild mother shipAnd crane up and crane down container ships. ③Bulk cargo ship。It is specially used to transport grain, coal, ore, salt, etcBulk cargoOf the ship. ④Oil tanker。A ship specially used to transport liquid cargoes such as bulk petroleum (crude oil and refined oil). ⑤Liquefied gas carrier.Specially used for shipmentliquified natural gasandLiquefied petroleum gasShip. ⑥Reefer。It refers to a ship equipped with refrigeration equipment, which is specially used to transport perishable fresh goods. ⑦Wood carrier.A ship specially used for transporting timber. ⑧Ro ro ship。It is specially used for shipment of automobiles (generally automobiles, busesAutotrainOr trailer) is a cargo unit. ⑨Barge.It means there is noPower device, relying on other ships（Tugboat, push wheel orBarge carrying）Towing, pushing or loading completedtransportShip. ⑩Barge carrying。also calledChild mother ship, specially used to ship ships with cargo barges as cargo units.
Passenger ships are specially used to transport passengers and their luggage. Passenger ships are divided into: ① overnight passenger ships.Often called ocean liners, they are generally equipped with a large number of passenger cabins of various grades, a certain number of bathrooms, and entertainment and catering places. ②Passenger and cargo ships.It is a ship that mainly carries passengers and also carries a certain amount of goods. ③Catamaran.It is a small passenger ship, mainly used in inland rivers andCoastal transportation。④hydrofoil.It refers to a ship with hydrofoil under the hull, which supports the weight of the ship by the lift generated by the hydrofoil when traveling at high speed, so that part or all of the hull is off the water. ⑤hovercraft.It refers to a ship that uses compressed air to form an air cushion between the bottom of the ship and the supporting surface (such as the water surface), so that all or part of the hull is separated from the supporting surface.
Air transport
Air transport means usually refer to civil aircraft specially used to transport passengers or goods.According to the unified international definition, the aircraft also includes helicopters, balloons and airships.According to the objects of transportation, civil aviation aircraft can be divided into passenger aircraft and cargo aircraft. Passenger aircraft mainly transports passengers, supplemented by cargo (belly loading), while cargo aircraft is specially used to transport various kinds of goods.
Pipeline transportation tool
Pipeline transportationIt is a special transportation mode, and its operation mode is different from other transportation modes.The combination of its cargo container and prime mover is special. The cargo container is a main pipe, and the prime mover is a pump (heating) station, which is always fixed in a specific space and can be regarded as a means of transportation.[2-3]
