Lijiang City is located inYunnan Guizhou PlateauAndQinghai Tibet PlateauThe terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the highest point isYulong SnowmountainThe main peak belongs to the low latitude warm temperate plateau mountain monsoon climate. With abundant water resources and a wide variety of animals and plants, it is a key forest area in Yunnan Province and one of China's hydropower transmission bases from west to east.Lijiang is a place where many ethnic groups live together. Apart from the Han nationality, there are 12 ethnic groups and 22 ethnic groups.[31]
In 2022, Lijiang will achieve a regional GDP of 62.01 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year.The per capita disposable income was 24265 yuan, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year.[74]
Chinese name
lijiang
Foreign name
Lijiang
area number
five hundred and thirty thousand and seven hundred
One hundred thousand years ago, there were late Paleolithic Homo sapiens“Lijiang people”Activity here.Jinsha RiverThe discovery of valley cave rock paintings and numerous neolithicbronzewareThe excavation of ironware proves that Lijiang is one of the important areas of ancient human activities in southwest China.
Han DynastyAt that time, the State of Yunnan surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Today, Lijiang is under the jurisdiction of Yuezhu County, called Suijiu County.
Southern Song DynastyBaoyouThe first year (1253),Kublai khanIn the Southern Expedition, Aliang, the Naxi chief, was appointed as the officer in charge of the people of Chahanzhang.In the second year of Shiyou (1254 AD), there were three officials in charge of the people in "Daye Chang", whose organizational system was subordinate to Chahan Zhang;In the eighth year of the Zhiyuan era (1271), the Chahanzhang Comfort Department was set up in Lijiang.In the 13th year of the Zhiyuan era (1276), Lijiang Road was rebuilt, and the Military and Civil Administration Office was established, which governs Yongbei Prefecture, Tong'an Prefecture, Jujin Prefecture, Baoshan Prefecture, Yongning Prefecture, Langqu Prefecture, Shunzhou, Lanzhou and Linxi County.In the 22nd year of Zhiyuan era (1285), Lijiang Xuanfu Company was established.
brightHong WuIn the 15th year (1382), the local magistrate of Lijiang, Ajia Ade, "led the people to surrender", which was changed from the Xuanfu Department of Lijiang Road toLijiang Mansion，Hong WuIn the thirtieth year (1397), it was upgraded to Lijiang Military and Civilian Mansion, with four states, one county and one inspection department: Tong'an Prefecture, Baoshan Prefecture, Lanzhou, Jujin Prefecture, Linxi County and Shimenguan Inspection Department.
clearShunzhiIn the seventeenth year (1660), Lijiang Military and Civil Mansion was established, and the Mu family was still the hereditary magistrate;YongzhengIn the first year (1723), the imperial court implemented“Soil improvement and return”The imperial court appointed Liu Guan as the magistrate, and demoted the Mu family to Tu Tongjian;QianlongIn the 35th year (1770), Lijiang County was established.
Republic of ChinaIn the second year (1912), Lijiang abolished the government and stayed in the county, and the county government moved into the original Lijiang government office.
Republic of ChinaIn the 20th year (1931), Lijiang, Yongbei and Huaping counties were set up in today's Lijiang.
Republic of ChinaThirty years ago (1941), the Seventh Administrative Office of Yunnan Province and Lijiang County Government were set up in Lijiang. Later, Lijiang County belonged to the 13th Administrative Supervision District, and Yongsheng, Huaping and Ninglang belonged to the 10th Administrative Supervision District.
In July 1949, Lijiang County was liberated and under the jurisdiction of the People's Commission of Northwest Yunnan.On December 28, Lijiang People's Administrative Commissioner Office was established.
In April 1950, it was changed to Lijiang Commissioner's Office, which governs 13 counties including Lijiang, Yongsheng, Huaping, Ninglang, Weixi, Lanping, Zhongdian, Deqin, Bijiang, Fugong, Gongshan, Heqing and Jianchuan.
At the end of 1953, Lushui County was transferred from Baoshan District to Lijiang District.
In August 1954, four counties, Lushui, Bijiang, Fugong and Gongshan, were divided into Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Region, which was under the administration of Lijiang Special Region.
In September 1957, Zhongdian County, Deqin County and Weixi County were set upDiqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture。In addition to the 8 counties of Nujiang and Diqing autonomous prefectures, Lijiang District governs 4 counties of Lijiang County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County.
In August 1973, Nujiang and Diqing prefectures were directly under the provincial administration, and Lijiang only governed four counties, namely Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County, Huaping County, and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County.
In 1980, Lijiang District Administrative Office was established.
Yongbei Town、Renhe Town、Jina Town、Sanchuan TownTaoyuan Town, Chenghai Town, Ludila Town, Pianjiao Town, Shunzhou Town, Yangping Yi Township, Liude Lisu Yi Township, Dongshan Lisu Yi Township, Guanghua Lisu Yi Township, Songping Lisu Yi Township, Da'an Yi Naxi Yi Township
Huaping County
Central town
two thousand two hundred and sixty-six
Central Town, Rongjiang Town, Xingquan Town, Shilongba Town, Xinzhuang Lisu Dai Township, Tongda Lisu Township, Yongxing Lisu Township, Chuanfang Lisu Dai Township
Yulong Naxi Autonomous County
Huangshan Street
six thousand five hundred and twenty-one
Huangshan Street, Shigu Town, Judian Town, Baisha Town, Lashi Town, Fengke Town, Mingyin Town, Tai'an Township, Longpan Township, Liming Lisu Township, Ludian Township, Tacheng Township, Daju Township, Baoshan Township, Shitou Bai Township, Jiuhe Bai Township
Ninglang Yi Autonomous County
Daxing Street
six thousand two hundred and six
Daxing Street, Zima Street, Yongning Town, Hongqiao Town, Zhanhe Town;Labo Township, Cuiyu Lisu Pumi Township, Ningli Township, Jinmian Township, Xichuan Township, Xibuhe Township, Yongningping Township, Paomaping Township, Chanzhanhe Township, Xinyingpan Township, Lanniqing Township
Source:[5]
Lijiang Administrative Division (National Administrative Division Information Query Platform)
Lijiang is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, the highest pointYulong SnowmountainMain peak, 5596m above sea level, lowest pointHuaping CountyTangba Estuary, Shilongba Township, with an altitude of 1015m and a maximum height difference of 4581m.[49]To the west of Yulong Mountainmountain range running east-westThe mountain canyon sub region that cuts the mountain canyon area is high and deep, with steep mountains and deep rivers.To the east of Yulong Mountain, it belongs to the original sub region of Zhongshan Mountain in the northwest of Yunnan, which is located in the original region of the East Yunnan Basin. The altitude is high and the mountain terrain is relatively thick.On both sides of the main mountain range, east-west ravines are widely developed, forming a complex landscape of land plots with undulating terrain and great altitude difference.There are 111 dams, large and small, scattered in the mountains, with an altitude of more than 2000 meters, among which Lijiang Dam is the largest, with an area of about 200 square kilometers and an average altitude of 2466 meters.
Through LijiangJinsha RiverAnd the rising genera on both sidesYunlingOfLaojun Mountain, Yulong MountainMianmian Mountain(commonly known as Xiaoliangshan) Three mountain systems constitute the basic meridians and skeleton of Lijiang's topography.Laojun MountainFrom north to south, such as a barrier line in the west.Laojun MountainThe main peak is 4247.4m above sea level.Yulong SnowmountainIt is located 15 kilometers away from the city seat of Lijiang City. It is characterized by alpine glacier landform, snow covered all the year round, and 13 peaks connected from end to end, pointing directly into the sky.East isMianmian Mountain。There are 12 high mountains with an altitude of 3500-5000m in Lijiang.It is distributed in all counties of Zhongshan, 2500-3500 meters above sea level.particularly Ninglang、YongshengThere are many mountains below 2500 meters above sea level, which are widely distributed in the southeast and south.
climate
The highest altitude in Lijiang is 5596 meters, the lowest altitude is 1015 meters, and the urban altitude is 2418 meters. Lijiang is a low latitude and high altitude area.There are obvious seasonal climate differences throughout the year, and the climate types are rich and diverse. It has the vertical climate characteristics of "one mountain has four seasons and ten miles have different days". The annual average temperature is 12.6 ℃ - 19.9 ℃.[32]
hydrology
Rivers in Lijiang City belong to two major basins and three major river systems, namely, Jinsha River system in the Yangtze River basin, Yalong River system, and Heihui River system in the Lancang River basin.Among them,Yangtze river basinIt covers an area of 20799 square kilometers, accounting for 98% of the total area;The Lancang River basin covers an area of 420 square kilometers, accounting for 2% of the total area.Co owned by Lijiang CityJinsha River、Yalong River、Lancang River93 secondary and above tributaries, including 21 rivers with a drainage area of 200 square kilometers and above.
In addition to Lugu Lake, there are two large natural lakes in Lijiang, namely Chenghai Lake and Lashihai Lake. Chenghai Lake, located in Yongsheng County, is one of the three lakes rich in natural spirulina in the world, and the only one in China that can naturally grow spirulina. With an area of 77.2 square kilometers, its water storage capacity is 1.987 billion cubic meters, and its average water depth is 25.74 meters, it is the fourth largest lake in Yunnan Province.
Lashihai is located in Lashi Town, Yulong County, 8 kilometers away from the urban area of Lijiang. The lake area is an oval structure, 2450 meters above sea level, 2.5 to 4.5 meters deep. The lake area has 241 square kilometers of ponding area, and 8.5 square kilometers of lake surface area. In 1998, the first plateau wetland reserve and migratory bird migration site in Yunnan Province were established, and in 2005, it was included in the list of internationally important wetlands.[31]
natural resources
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land resource
By 2022, Lijiang has 185745.95 hectares (278.6189 million mu) of cultivated land.Of which, 29283.03 hectares (439245 mu) of paddy fields, accounting for 15.77%;5857.66 hectares (878.65 million mu) of irrigated land, accounting for 3.15%;Dry land is 150605.26 hectares (2259079 mu), accounting for 81.08%.Yongsheng County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County have large cultivated land area, accounting for 64.28% of the cultivated land in Lijiang City.The cultivated land is all located in the area with two crops a year, and the annual precipitation is 800-1200mm (including 800mm).[39]
Lijiang has a wide range of animal and plant resources, including more than 13000 animals and plants. It is one of the famous animal and plant protection bases in China, one of the key forest areas in Yunnan Province, and has been identified by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots in Hengduan Mountains of China.There are Yunnan snub nosed monkey, clouded leopard, forest musk deer, etc., which are national level I key protected wild animals, and rare species such as Himalayan yew, alpine leek, Yulong fern, which are national level I key protected wild plants.The forest coverage rate of Lijiang City is 72.14%, which is one of the key areas for natural forest protection in China.
There are 112 species of animals and beasts belonging to 21 families in 8 orders, 446 species of birds belonging to 46 families in 17 orders, 51 species of amphibians and reptiles belonging to 35 genera in 14 families in 3 orders, and more than 70 species of fish belonging to 15 families in 5 orders in Lijiang City;There are 4143 species (subspecies) of vascular plants belonging to 1120 genera of 224 families, more than 3200 species of seed plants belonging to 758 genera of 145 families, more than 2000 species of medicinal materials, 2266 families of Chinese endemic species, and 617 species of Yunnan endemic species. Yulong Snow Mountain in the city is a world-famous origin of plant specimen types.There are more than 100 new species and varieties of plants named after Lijiang's landscape and place names in the world, so Lijiang is called "Kingdom of Alpine Plants" and "Hometown of Medicinal Materials".[31]
Lijiang is rich in hydropower resources. The river systems in Lijiang belong to two major basins and three major river systems, namely the Jinsha River system, the Yalong River system and the Lancang River system in the Yangtze River basin. There are 93 secondary and above tributaries of the Jinsha River, the Yalong River and the Lancang River, including 21 rivers with a drainage area of 200 square kilometers and above.The total water resources of Lijiang City is 49.985 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources are 114 million kilowatts.
The 615km stretch of the Jinsha River passing through Lijiang is planned to have eight large-scale hydropower stations (Longpan, Liangjia, Liyuan, Ahai, Jinanqiao, Longkaikou, Ludila, Guanyinyan), of which six have been connected to the grid for power generation, with a total installed capacity of 20.96 million kilowatts and an annual average power generation of 88.3 billion kilowatt hours. It is one of the largest hydropower "West East Power Transmission" bases in the national plan.[31]
water resource
In 2021, the average precipitation of Lijiang City will be 853.8mm, equivalent to 17.54 billion cubic meters of total precipitation, 7.0% less than the previous year and 14.2% less than the normal year.The total amount of water resources in Lijiang is 5.779 billion cubic meters, 10.3% less than the previous year and 28.3% less than the normal year. It is a dry year, with an average water output of 281200 cubic meters per square kilometer and a per capita water resource of 4600 cubic meters.
By the end of 2021, the total water storage of Lijiang's water conservancy projects will be 243.3 million cubic meters, which is 20.1 million cubic meters less than the previous year, or 7.6% less.[38]
Mineral resources
Lijiang City has a unique tectonic location and a variety of metallogenic geological conditions, forming a rich and diverse mineral resources with regional characteristics.More than 30 kinds of minerals have been found in Lijiang, including more than 350 mineral producing areas, one natural gas producing area and dozens of geothermal producing areas.coalIts reserves and quality rank first in western Yunnan,copper、GraniteSuch ores have high mining value.
population
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By the end of 2022, Lijiang City had 1.238 million permanent residents at the end of 2022, with a birth rate of 7.30 ‰, a mortality rate of 7.38 ‰ and a natural growth rate of -0.08 ‰.At the end of the year, the city's urban permanent population was 609800, and the rural permanent population was 628200. The city's urbanization rate was 49.26%.[74]
By the end of 2023, Lijiang has a permanent population of 1.25 million, with an urbanization rate of 50.44%.[83]By the end of 2023, the city's urban permanent population will be 630500, an increase of 20700 over 2022;The rural permanent population is 619500, 8700 fewer than that in 2022.In terms of age composition, there are 208000 people aged 0-15, 837000 people aged 16-59, 205000 people aged 60 and above, and 145000 people aged 65 and above.In terms of gender composition, the male population is 640000, accounting for 51.2% of the city's permanent population;The female population is 610000, accounting for 48.8% of the city's permanent population;The sex ratio of the total population was 104.92 (100 for women), 0.39 percentage points lower than that of the previous year.The birth population was 9600, an increase of 3600 over the previous year;The birth rate was 7.72 ‰, up 0.42 ‰ over the previous year;The death toll was 10100, an increase of 1000 over the previous year, and the mortality rate was 8.12 ‰, an increase of 0.74 percentage points over the previous year;The natural population growth rate was - 0.4 ‰, down 0.32 percentage points from the previous year.[85]
Change of permanent population in Lijiang (2017~2022)
Deputy Secretary General of Lijiang Municipal People's Government
Li Chao
Source:[42][68-72][80][82][84][86-87]Note: Data deadline: May 2024
Economics
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overview
In 2022, the annual GDP of Lijiang City62.01 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year, 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the whole province.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 8.645 billion yuan, up 4.9%;The added value of the secondary industry was 22.45 billion yuan, up 12.0%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 30.916 billion yuan, up 2.7%.The contribution rate of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries to economic growth was 12.2%, 64.3% and 23.5% respectively, driving economic growth by 0.7, 3.9 and 1.4 percentage points respectively.
Change of Lijiang's GDP (2017~2022)
Reference source:[74-79]
In 2022, the general public budget revenue of Lijiang City will reach 5.339 billion yuan on the same caliber, an increase of 757 million yuan year-on-year, up 16.5% over the previous year.The annual tax revenue reached 3.42 billion yuan, up 20.9%, accounting for 64.1% of the general public budget revenue.Among them, domestic VAT reached 2.129 billion yuan, up 59.6%;Corporate income tax was 121 million yuan, down 5.9%.The annual non tax revenue reached 1.919 billion yuan, up 9.5%, accounting for 35.9% of the general public budget revenue.The local general public budget expenditure of the city was 17.193 billion yuan, an increase of 429 million yuan over the same period last year, up 2.6% over the previous year.Among them, the expenditure on general public services was 1.657 billion yuan, up 4.6%;Education expenditure was 3.051 billion yuan, up 4.8%;Expenditure on social security and employment was 2.447 billion yuan, up 9.7%;Health expenditure was 1.965 billion yuan, down 2.9%;Urban and rural community expenditure was 912 million yuan, down 10.0%;Expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water was 2.742 billion yuan, down 6.9%.
In 2022, Lijiang's annual investment in fixed assets (excluding household investment) will increase by 18.7% over the previous year.In terms of three industries, the investment in the primary industry increased by 35.9%;Investment in the secondary industry increased by 63.4%, of which industrial investment increased by 63.4%;Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 11.1%.There were 639 construction projects throughout the year, up 17.2%.Among them, new projects started this year increased by 8.9%.The funds in place for construction projects increased by 30.8% over the previous year.Among them, national budget funds increased by 2.0%, domestic loan funds increased by 62.8%, and self raised funds increased by 27.6%.Industrial investment increased by 47.8% over the previous year, accounting for 29.1% of the city's fixed asset investment.Private fixed asset investment decreased by 0.4% over the previous year, accounting for 25.9% of the city's fixed asset investment.Infrastructure investment increased by 27.8%, accounting for 64.8% of the city's fixed asset investment.[74]
primary industry
The primary industry of Lijiang is dominated by plateau featured agriculture, focusing on building "two 10 billion yuan industries" of Jinsha River green agriculture and plateau ecological breeding industry, traditional industries such as grain, livestock and poultry, and the cultivation of emerging industries such as characteristic fruits, authentic Chinese medicinal materials, and high-end flowers.[54]
In 2022, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in Lijiang will be 15.242 billion yuan, an increase of 5.4% over the previous year.The added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 8.804 billion yuan, an increase of 4.9% over the previous year.The annual grain sown area was 1.9294 million mu, with an output of 520900 tons, up 2.4%;The output of vegetables and edible fungi was 349600 tons, up 3.7%;699500 tons of garden fruits, up 15.1%;The output of traditional Chinese medicine was 49700 tons, up 15.9%;The output of flowers was 24.8643 million, up 90.1%;The tea output was 1100 tons, down 4.4%.1.1662 million pigs were sold throughout the year, up 7.3%;87900 cattle were sold, up 2.1%;742800 sheep were sold, up 5.9%;3.4561 million poultry were sold, down 1.8%.[74]
the secondary industry
The secondary industry of Lijiang City is dominated by new green industry, and has formed a 10 billion yuan industrial development pattern of clean energy carrying industry cluster, plateau characteristic agricultural product processing industry cluster, digital industry cluster, biomedicine processing industry cluster, etc.[52]
In 2022, the total industrial added value of Lijiang will be 12.672 billion yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year.The added value of industries above designated size increased by 14.0%.In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.8% over the previous year, joint-stock enterprises increased by 14.1%, and foreign-invested enterprises, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investors increased by 3.8%.In terms of categories, the added value of the mining industry increased by 589.1%, the manufacturing industry increased by 17.1%, and the power, heat, gas and water production and supply industries increased by 11.4%.By industry, the added value of monocrystalline silicon industry increased by 29.7% over the previous year;Power production industry increased by 12.0%;Cement production industry dropped by 7.6%;Agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 11.4%;Pharmaceutical manufacturing fell 45.1%.At the end of the year, there were 59 industrial enterprises above designated size. The annual operating revenue increased by 44.3% year on year, the total profit increased by 33.1% year on year, and the total tax increased by 36.7% year on year.[74]
the service sector; the tertiary industry
Lijiang is one of the earliest areas in China to develop tourism. It began to develop tourism in the mid-1980s. In July 1985, Lijiang was officially listed as a "Class B open area" by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.In August of the same year, Lijiang Administration established the Tourism Foreign Affairs Office.In October 1994, the Yunnan Provincial Government put forward the idea of "developing Dali, developing Lijiang, starting Diqing and driving Nujiang", and focused on Lijiang to build Dali and Lijiang into tourism industry bases and tourism reception, operation and distribution centers.[53]
Domestic trade
In 2022, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Lijiang will be 25.456 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7% over the previous year.According to the statistics of business location, the retail sales of consumer goods in urban areas reached 17.19 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7% over the previous year;The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 8.265 billion yuan, up 4.6% over the previous year.According to the statistics of consumption patterns, retail sales of goods reached 17.913 billion yuan, up 4.6% over the previous year;Meal revenue was 7.542 billion yuan, up 5.0% over the previous year.[74]
Foreign economy
In 2022, the total import and export volume of Lijiang in the whole year will be 56.19 million US dollars, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year.Among them, the export was 56.12 million US dollars, an increase of 4.6% over the previous year;Imports amounted to US $70000, down 91.9% over the previous year.17 foreign-funded enterprises reported new establishment, up 30.8% over the previous year.The actually utilized foreign capital was 19.54 million US dollars, an increase of 19.0% over the previous year.[74]
social undertakings
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urban construction
In 2022, the urban built-up area of Lijiang City will cover 51.31 square kilometers (including 24.86 square kilometers in Gucheng District, 8.53 square kilometers in Yulong County, 5.95 square kilometers in Yongsheng County, 5.16 square kilometers in Huaping County, and 6.80 square kilometers in Ninglang County).The length of urban roads is 483.27 kilometers, an increase of 41.41% over the previous year.The green area of the urban area under construction is 2050.21 hectares, up 15.93% over the previous year.The green space rate of the built-up area was 39.97%, 4.81 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.The comprehensive production capacity of tap water is 282000 m3/day, and the water utilization rate is 100.0%.The gas penetration rate was 95.31%, 0.47 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.The centralized treatment rate of urban domestic sewage is 97.31%, and the harmless treatment rate of urban garbage is 100.0%[74]
Lijiang City
education
In 2021, there will be 91131 primary school students, 40671 junior high school students, 24384 ordinary high school students, 5562 full-time secondary vocational school students, 3463 secondary vocational school students jointly run with higher vocational schools, and 29368 higher education students.There are 43643 children in the kindergarten and 2395 full-time teachers in the kindergarten.773 disabled children in school.The educational attainment rate of primary school teachers in the city is 99.91%, that of junior high school teachers is 99.89%, and that of senior high school teachers is 99.14%.
In 2022, Lijiang will implement 125 national and provincial science and technology projects in the whole year, and one scientific and technological achievement will win the provincial or higher science and technology progress award.567 patents were granted in the city, up 46.1% year on year.The effective number of invention patents was 168, up 6.3% year on year.[74]
Cultural undertakings
In 2022, there will be 6 cultural centers, 7 museums, 6 public libraries and 3 cultural management offices in Lijiang.The population coverage of radio and television in the city reached 99.87% and 99.91% respectively.There are 5 radio and television stations (relay stations) and 26018 actual cable TV users.[74]
Sports
In 2022, Lijiang will hold 15 municipal fitness events and 35 county (district) level fitness events throughout the year.Throughout the year, Lijiang athletes won 11 gold medals, 2 silver medals and 5 bronze medals in various competitions across the province.[74]
medical and health work
By the end of 2022, there were 536 government run non-profit medical and health institutions in Lijiang.Among them, there are 8 general hospitals, 4 TCM hospitals, 1 specialized hospital, 1 emergency center, 1 first-aid station, 6 maternal and child health care institutions, 6 disease prevention and control institutions, 1 blood collection and supply institution, 1 schistosomiasis control station, 1 dermatological prevention station, 57 township hospitals, 6 community health service centers, 2 community health service stations, 426 village clinics, 4 health centers, and 11 medical clinics.
By the end of 2022, there are three non-governmental non-profit medical and health institutions in Lijiang.Among them, there are 2 rehabilitation hospitals and 1 outpatient department.There are 128 beds and 107 health technicians.
By the end of 2022, there are 307 for-profit medical and health institutions in Lijiang.Among them, there are 26 private hospitals, 265 private clinics and 16 outpatient departments.The annual infant mortality rate was 4.21 ‰, the maternal mortality rate was 11.07/100 million, the hospital delivery rate was 99.99%, and the new method delivery rate was 99.99%.[74]
social security
By the end of 2022, the number of basic endowment insurance participants in Lijiang had reached 171800, an increase of 8400 over the previous year.Among them, 134100 insured employees, an increase of 7000 over the previous year;There were 37700 insured retirees, an increase of 1400 over the previous year.657400 urban and rural residents participated in the basic endowment insurance, an increase of 1500 over the previous year.The basic old-age insurance premiums of 913 million yuan collected from government agencies and institutions, an increase of 11.4% over the previous year;The basic old-age insurance premiums for enterprise employees were 944 million yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year;The basic endowment insurance premiums collected for urban and rural residents were 153 million yuan (individual contributions), an increase of 78.0%;Unemployment insurance premiums collected were 52 million yuan, up 34.0%.113300 people participated in industrial injury insurance, an increase of 4200 over the previous year.The industrial injury insurance premium collected was 26 million yuan, down 2.6% from the previous year.
By the end of 2022, 1.1475 million people (134100 urban employees and 1.0134 million urban and rural residents) had participated in basic medical insurance in Lijiang, an increase of 8700 over the same period of the previous year, completing 100.63% of the target tasks.The income from the medical insurance fund for urban employees was 1003.4982 million yuan, up 0.70% year on year. A total of 983.1 million people enjoyed medical insurance benefits throughout the year, up 12.3% year on year. The treatment expenditure was 767.4358 million yuan, down 0.79% year on year.The income of medical insurance fund for urban and rural residents was 992039600 yuan, up 3.77% year on year. A total of 2375900 person times enjoyed medical insurance benefits throughout the year, up 11.16% year on year. The treatment expenditure was 914882300 yuan, up 12.87% year on year.
By the end of 2022, the number of urban residents in Lijiang with minimum living security is 4300, a decrease of 3300 over the previous year.The minimum living security fund for urban residents was 21.687 million yuan, up 3.39%.The number of rural residents with subsistence allowances was 75900, 2600 fewer than the previous year.The minimum living security fund for rural residents was 283240700 yuan, up 6.09%.In the whole year, 75.5257 million yuan of subsidies were granted to rural elderly aged 60 and over.At the end of the year, there were 21 social welfare institutions of various types, 2544 beds in social welfare institutions, and 533 persons were adopted.At the end of the year, there were 470 village community comprehensive service centers.In the whole year, 412 million yuan of social welfare lottery tickets were sold, and 53.2482 million yuan of provincial and municipal welfare lottery public welfare funds were allocated.Municipal charities received 11.5 million yuan from the society.[74]
Posts and telecommunications
In 2021, Lijiang's post and telecommunications business will total 1.46 billion yuan, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year.Among them, the total amount of postal services was 247 million yuan, up 21.5%;The total amount of telecommunications services was 1.213 billion yuan, up 24.92%.The number of subscribed newspapers totaled 15.7524 million, down 8.2%;The number of subscribed magazines totaled 478500, down 0.21%;91200 letters, down 8.98%;The total number of express business was 12.0309 million, up 19.97%.At the end of the year, the number of fixed telephone users was 60000, up 26.3%;There were 67300 new mobile phone users, and the number of mobile phone users at the end of the year was 1.2718 million, up 10.6%.Among them, 1.0594 million 4G mobile phone users and 254400 5G mobile phone users;At the end of the year, 388100 fixed Internet broadband access users, an increase of 39200 over the previous year;1138500 mobile Internet users (including wireless Internet users and mobile Internet users), an increase of 46400.[40]
Transportation
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overview
In 2021, Lijiang's highway passenger traffic volume will be 29.61 million person times, an increase of 13.62% over the previous year, and the passenger turnover will be 1404.8 million person kilometers, an increase of 14.02%;The highway freight volume was 43.02 million tons, up 2.02%, and the freight turnover volume was 6928.6 million ton kilometers, up 22.68%.The annual passenger throughput of Lijiang Airport was 4.2206 million person times, down 16.2% over the previous year;Cargo throughput was 14200 tons, up 26.8% over the previous year.The annual passenger throughput of Lugu Lake Airport was 74400 person times, down 39.08% over the previous year, and the cargo throughput was 1200 tons, up 59.5% over the previous year.At the end of the year, there were 231300 cars (including tricycles) in Lijiang, an increase of 6.05% over the end of the previous year.Among them, 180300 non operating small passenger cars, up 6.98%.[40]
Located in Lijiang, Yunnan ProvinceAncient city areaQihe TownshipIn 1995, China was officially opened to navigation, with 19 parking stands and 50 cities in total, including 6 regional and international routes, 26 operating airlines and 44 domestic cities.[37]
It was officially opened to navigation on October 12, 2015, with a flight area of 4C and an altitude of 3293m, making it the highest airport in Yunnan Province.[41]
Railway
By 2021, Lijiang City has two lines, Dali Lijiang Railway and Renli Railway, with a total length of 41.7 kilometers (see Column 1 for details). The Dali Lijiang Railway speed raising and reconstruction project has been completed and will be officially opened to traffic on January 5, 2019.The stations mainly include Lijiang East Railway Station, Renhe Station, Lijiang Station, etc., which are located in Jinshan Street, Gucheng District, Qihe Town, Gucheng District, and Huangshan Town, Yulong County.The construction of Lijiang Xiangtan Railway under construction has been carried out in an orderly manner. In Lijiang, 37.2 kilometers of tunnels including Wenbi No. 1, Mengguoshao, Wenbi No. 2 and Huangshanshao have been successively completed, 91% of the design quantity has been completed.2.8 kilometers of bridges have been completed, 90% of the design quantity has been completed.[41]
highway
By 2021, Lijiang will have 10700.069 kilometers of highways open to traffic, with a density of 51 kilometers/100 square kilometers.According to the administrative level, there are 906.803 kilometers of national roads, 852.524 kilometers of provincial roads, 2788.206 kilometers of county roads, 2824.915 kilometers of township roads, and 3327.621 kilometers of village roads.According to the technical level, there are 421.032 kilometers of expressways, 42.987 kilometers of first-class roads, 533.91 kilometers of second-class roads, 522.772 kilometers of third class roads, 8779.961 kilometers of fourth class roads, and 399.407 kilometers of substandard roads.[41]
May 25, 2023, connect LijiangShangri-La、Lugu LakeThe commencement ceremony was held for the reconstruction project of the Shangri La Geka (Sichuan Yunnan border) section of National Highway 664 in Daocheng County.[73]
water transport
By 2021, Lijiang has 432 kilometers of Class IV channels, 4 production berths, a maximum berth capacity of 500 tons, 45 legal ferry terminals and 60 legally licensed ships.In 2020, the freight throughput will be 183500 tons and the passenger capacity will be 325000 people.[41]
Local culture
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Origin of geographical names
There are two main sources of Lijiang's name: one is that the Jinsha River is named Lijiang because it "originated from the plough cattle under the stone in the Tibetan border, named Lishui, and mistakenly named" Li ";The second is the Jinsha River, which is named Lijiang because it produces sand gold and "gold generates Lishui".[66]
The name of "Lijiang" began with the establishment of Lijiang Road in the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1276).《History of the Yuan Dynasty·Geographical Records said: "The road is named because of the river." The origin of the place name "Lijiang" originated from the alternative name "Lishui" of Jinsha River.《Yunnan Tongzhi》"The river is named Lishui, which originates from the Tibetan world. It is under the Plough Stone in Longchuan. The original name is Lishui, and the false plough is beautiful." Jinsha River, which originated from the Plough Stone in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, is called Lishui. Later, it was written as Lishui and Lijiang because of the similar sounds of plough and beautiful.
national culture
Lijiang City is located in the famous intersection of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet cultures, where various cultures blend and coexist, and various nationalities live in harmony, which has bred a rich, colorful, magical and brilliant national culture.All ethnic groups have retained their unique personality and colorful styles in terms of language, myths and legends, music and dance, literature and art, religious beliefs, marriage, funeral, childbirth, festivals, food, clothing, hospitality, etiquette, entertainment, psychological quality, ecological environment, etc.There are many unique festivals of all ethnic groups, such as the 15th day of the first month of the Naxi peopleBar bar joint、Three knots, Torch Festival of Yi, LisuBroad seasonWuxijie of Pumi, MosuoMountain Turning FestivalAnd his Baba Festival.[31]
Naxi people generally live in dam areas, river valleys and semi mountainous areas.The folk houses in the dam area are mostly tile roofed houses with civil structures“Three rooms and one screen wall"The mountains are mostly lowWooden batten room, covered with wood.The Naxi nationality is good at singing and dancing, and there are often mass singing and dancing activities in production labor and national festivals.At the beginning of February in the lunar calendar every year“Three knots"It is the most solemn traditional festival of Naxi people in Lijiang.[60]
Mosuo is used to living near mountains and rivers, and houses are built with wood, which is commonly known locally“Wooden batten room". The traditional festivals of Mosuo people include the Spring Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Chaoshan Festival, the Ancestor Worship Festival, the Pastor Worship Festival, and the Land Worship Festival, among which the Spring Festival and the Chaoshan Festival are the most solemn. Mosuo people are good at singing and dancing, and the more popular ones are“A dance"(commonly known as" beating and dancing ")," A "means good, and" Hui "means dancing, which means dancing at a good time.[61]
Yi nationality
Yi nationalityMainly distributed inYunnan、Sichuan、Guizhou、GuangxiYi people are distributed in most counties and cities in Yunnan, especially inChuxiong、Red RiverThe two prefectures, Laoshan District, Wumeng Mountain District in northeast Yunnan and Xiaoliangshan District in northwest Yunnan are relatively concentrated.Yi people have their own language and characters.Language belongs toSino Tibetan language familyTibeto-Burman Branch Yi language branchThere are six dialects. The Xiaoliangshan Yi people belong to the northern dialect Shizha Tu.
Lijiang is second only toNujiang Second ofLisu nationalityResidential area, mostly living inJinsha RiverOn the hillside terrace along the coast, people of Han, Bai, Yi, Naxi, Pumi and other ethnic groups live together in a crisscross manner, forming the distribution characteristics of large dispersion and small settlement.
Lisu nationalityThere are oral folk songs and long poems. In December every year, the people of Lisu in Huaping and other places hold a grand ceremony to celebrate the "broad season" (New Year's Day). There are also the Dragon Boat Festival "Mountain Rushing Festival" and the "Holy Water Festival" in Liming Township, Lijiang City.
Pumi nationality
Pumi nationalityIt is a unique ethnic group in Yunnan and lives in scattered places. Except for some small villages, most of them live together with Naxi, Bai, Tibetan and other ethnic groups.It was named Pumi in 1960.Linguistic genus of the Pumi nationalitySino Tibetan language familyTibeto-Burman Branch The Qiang language branch of the Qiang ethnic group lives in many clans, most of them live on the mountainside, and most of the houses are arranged in wooden quadrangles.
Pumi nationalityIt has its own unique culture and art. The most solemn national traditional festival of the Pumi is the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month“My Past Festival"(New Year's Day), as well as the" sea turning meeting "on the 15th of the first month“New Tasting Festival"Etc.[63]
Cultural Relic
By 2021, there are 199 cultural relics protection units at the fourth level in Lijiang.Among them, 11 are at the national level, 14 at the provincial level, 56 at the municipal level, and 118 at the county (district) level.The distribution of counties (districts) is 62 in Gucheng District, 36 in Yulong County, 69 in Yongsheng County, 16 in Huaping County, and 17 in Ninglang County (of which, the section of "Ancient Tea Horse Road" is distributed in Gucheng District and Yulong County, and is consolidated into one in the municipal statistics).[56]24 cultural relics protection units were included in the first batch of immovable revolutionary cultural relics list in Yunnan Province.[55]
National level cultural relics protection units (part)
National intangible cultural heritage protection projects:"Black and White War", Naxi Baishaxile, Naxi Remeikuo, Naxi Dongba painting
Yunnan Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Project:Dadongxiang, the hometown of Naxi "Remeicong", Naxi (Mosuo) Mountain Turning Festival, Naxi Dongba Dance, Naxi nursery rhymes, Pumi "Niandaze" mountain sealing ceremony, Sanchuan ham making skills, Naxi Dongjing music, Naxi bronze ware making skills, Naxi traditional handmade papermaking skills, Lijiang wine cellaring, Naxi folk house building skills, Naxi Leba dance, ritual customThe Naxi epic "Creation", the Han nationality enamel color silver ware production technology, the Naxi nationality clothing production technology, the Naxi nationality more than three festivals, the Yi nationality (he liu ren) fire grass textile technology, etc[50]
dialect
The Chinese dialects in Lijiang area can be divided into three dialect areas: Lijiang, Yongsheng and Huaping (Ningbo dialect belongs to Huaping dialect) according to the historical source, language status quo and the sense of language of the masses.There are 26 initials in Lijiang dialect, and the biggest feature is that there is no nasal vowel.The tones of Lijiang dialect, both Yin Ping and Shang Sheng, are pronounced in the middle flat tone, so the Shang Sheng tone has been incorporated into the Yin Ping tone, and the other three tone categories and key values are the same or similar to those of the dialects in Jianchuan, Yunlong, Xiaguan and other places.
The Naxi language in Lijiang is divided into eastern dialect and western dialect.The eastern dialect is also divided into three indigenous languages, namely Yongning, Guabei and Beiquba, which make it difficult to communicate with each other.The western dialect is also divided into three local languages, Dayan Town, Lijiang Dam, and Baoshan Prefecture, which can communicate with each other.The Naxi language in Fengke Township and Baoshan Township is closer to the eastern dialect.Since the Naxi people live together with the Han people and other minorities, some Han people and other minorities can also use Naxi language.In Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Naxi is the main language for communication.
Part of the Yi nationality is distributed in the ancient city area, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng, and Huaping County;The Yi people who call themselves Thar and Tagu are distributed in Yongsheng County and Huaping County;The Yi people who call themselves Talang are distributed in the ancient city area and Yulong Naxi Autonomous County;The branches of the Yi people who call themselves Lawusu, Naruo, Nazhsu and Lusiei are located in Yongsheng County.The Yi people, whom he called "paddy field lessons", are distributed in Huaping County, named for their rice planting in the dam area.The Yi language used by the Yi people in Lijiang City, with the exception of "Taer" and "Talang" in Yongsheng County, belongs to the northern dialect of the Yi language. Because its branch area is adjacent to Daliang Mountain in Sichuan, it is called Xiaoliangshan, the settlement of the Yi people in northern Yunnan dialect.
There are three dialects of Dali, Jianchuan and Bijiang in Bai dialect.Jianchuan dialect is divided into Jianchuan dialect and Heqing dialect.The Bai dialect living in Dayan, Jinshan, Yiqihe and Shunzhou in Yongsheng County belongs to Heqing local language;The Bai dialect in Jiuhe, Shitou and other villages belongs to Jianchuan dialect.
The Pumi people have their own independent language, but no written language. The Pumi people in Ninglang County generally speak Naxi, Chinese, Tibetan or Yi.The Pumi language belongs to the Qiang branch of the Tibeto Burmese language group of the Sino Tibetan language family. The Pumi people in Lijiang have the same language and can talk to each other.
LijiangDai nationalityHave their own language, but no text.The Dai people living in rural communities still use the Dai language as their main communication language, and communicate with other ethnic groups in Chinese.The Dai people in the mixed area have basically abandoned the use of the Dai language and turned to the use of local Chinese.Few people can use both local Yi language and Lisu language for simple communication.[67]
Huaping mango has many good qualities, such as rich flavor, high nutrient content, bright color, and extremely late maturity.Mango is one of the tropical fruits. Mango fruit contains sugar, protein and crude fiber. Mango contains a particularly high content of carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, which is rare in all fruits.Secondly, the content of vitamin C is not low.Minerals, protein, fat, sugar, etc. are also its main nutrients.It can be used to make fruit juice, jam, canned, pickled, hot and sour pickles, mango milk powder, preserved fruit, etc.
On December 31, 2013, the former AQSIQ approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Huaping Mango".[6]On November 15, 2019, it was selected into the Chinese agricultural brand directory.[7]
Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is also called Unicorn Lotus, One flower with seven leaves, One arrow of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, etc. It belongs to Liliaceae, a perennial herb.The Yulongdian polyphase is nodular, flat and cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-12cm long and 1.0-4.5cm in diameter.The surface is yellowish brown or grayish brown, and the peeled part is white;The thick ring pattern with dense layered protuberances is obvious on one side, with oval concave stem scars on the node, and sparse fibrous roots or verrucous fibrous root scars on the other side.Apically with scales and stem residues.Solid, flat section, white to light brown, pink or horny.The smell is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter and numb.[8]
On November 2, 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China approved the implementation of national agricultural product geographical indication registration and protection for "Yulong Dian Mansion".[9]
Spirulina chenghai
Spirulina chenghai, a specialty of Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Spirulina is an alkaline nutritious food, which can adjust the acidic constitution of the human body to a healthy weak alkaline constitution if taken frequently.It contains 60-70% high-quality protein and 18 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which are necessary for human body but cannot be synthesized. The content of amino acids to be supplemented by food is 24 times that of American ginseng.
On December 24, 2007, the former AQSIQ approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Chenghai Spirulina".[10]
He left black bone chicken
He left black bone chickenThe body is tall, the legs are thick and the shins are long, the crown is single, the ears are green, the beak, tongue, skin, bone, viscera, feet, etc. are all black, and the feathers are mainly white, red, flax yellow, flax blue, etc.
On January 15, 2010, Taliu black bone chicken was listed in the national livestock and poultry genetic resources list.[58]
Lijiang Snow Peach
Lijiang Snow PeachThe ripening period is late, the fruit development period is long (the fruit growth period is about 200 days), and it is mature and comes into the market around the National Day;Beautiful appearance, upright, large fruit shape (average weight of single fruit is about 500g);Bright color, even and beautiful;Sweet and crisp taste, good palatability;The content of water-soluble solids is high (up to about 14.3%), containing 15 of the 17 essential amino acids (except THR threonine and CYS cystine).[59]
Lijiang BabaThere are two tastes: sweet and salty. The main raw materials for making the dough are fine wheat flour produced in Lijiang City, filled with clear spring flowing from Yulong Snow Mountain, kneaded into dough, smeared with vegetable oil on the marble slab, rolled into pieces and thin slices, smeared with chemical oil, sprinkled with ham powder or sugar, rolled into a cylinder, put the two ends together and pressed flat, and wrapped with sesame, walnut kernel and other seasonings in the middle,Roast gently in a pan until golden brown.[36]
Chicken bean jelly
Chickpeas are a kind of beans unique to Lijiang City. They are produced in Lijiang Dam and belong to the soybean material. Because they are shaped like the eyes on the head of a chicken, the jelly made from Chickpeas is calledChicken bean jelly。Chicken bean jelly can be eaten cold or hot.Eat more cold food in summer. Cut the jelly into pieces and marinate.Hot food is often eaten in cold season.[65]
buttered tea
Lijiang is bordered by Tibet and belongs to high altitude area, which is rich in yaks, sobuttered teaIt is also the traditional food in Lijiang.Butter tea is refined from yak milk. The milk dregs are removed and the oil is solidified into cakes.Butter tea is made from butter, brick tea, walnut kernel, sesame, sesame seeds, eggs and refined salt.Boil the tea, stir it with a special butter bucket, and finally make the tea.
Butter tea has two flavors: sweet and salty.It uses butter, eggs, salt, hemp seeds, peanuts, walnuts, etc., and then adds the boiled tea water, which is put in a wooden slender tube, and repeatedly stirred with a wooden stick. The local people also call it crisp tea.It is the main way of drinking tea for many ethnic groups in Lijiang.
Rice enema
Rice enemaIt is called "Ma Bu" in Naxi language.It is made by steaming rice or glutinous rice, mixing it with fresh pig blood, egg white and various spices, pouring it into the cleaned pig large intestine, sealing it and steaming it.It can be fried or steamed when cut into pieces, and has a long storage time. It is a traditional Naxi delicacy and a unique way of eating in Lijiang.[64]
There are 104 tourist attractions in Lijiang, including 19 national A-level scenic spots (including 2 5A, 7 4A, 4 3A, 5 2A, and 1 1A).The most representative ones are: two mountains, one city, one lake, one river, one culture, one customs.The "two mountains" are Yulong Snow Mountain and Laojun Mountain.[31][51]
Yulong SnowmountainIt is located about 15 kilometers north of Lijiang City, 35 kilometers long from north to south, 25 kilometers wide from east to west. The snow mountain covers an area of 960 square kilometers, and the scenic area covers 263 square kilometers. There are famous wonders of white snow and green snow glaciers in springNational Scenic Area, provincial nature reserves and provincial tourism development zones.There areGlacier Park、Spruce plateau、Ganhaizi、Yak ping, Yufeng Temple, 10000 camellia trees and other scenic spots.[43]
Yulong Snowmountain
Laojun Mountain Scenic Area
Laojun Mountain Scenic Areabe inYulong Snowmountain、Three Parallel Rivers、Cangshan Erhai LakeThe junction of three national scenic spots is an important part of Yulong Snow Mountain Hill Scenic Spot.This scenic spot is mainly composed of Laojun Mountain99 Dragon Pond, Jinsichang Jinshan Jade Lake, Liming Meile Danxia landform, Xinzhu Natural Alpine Botanical Garden and other areas (scenic spots), with a total area of 715 square kilometers.[44]
Laojun Mountain Scenic Area
Old Town of Lijiang
Old Town of Lijiang, YesNational Historical and Cultural City, built at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty (late 13th century AD), is located in the middle of Lijiang Dam, which is the most well preservedNaxi minorityAn ancient town in the style ofYunnan Guizhou Plateau, 2416 meters above sea level, and the whole city covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers.It was listed by UNESCO World Heritage Committee in December 1997“World Cultural Heritage”Directory.[45]
Lugu LakeThe lake is 2680 meters above sea level, with an area of more than 50 square kilometers. The average depth of the lake is 45 meters, and the deepest is 93 meters. The lake is clear and blue, with visibility of 12-14 meters. It is one of the deepest freshwater lakes in China.[46]
