carbon disulfide

inorganic compound

Collection

zero Useful+1

zero

This entry is made by China Science and Technology Information Magazine Participate in editing and review Science Popularization China · Science Encyclopedia authentication.

Carbon disulfide is an inorganic compound with chemical formula CS two , a colorless liquid, is a common solvent. The pure carbon disulfide used in the laboratory has a sweet aroma similar to chloroform, but usually impure industrial products become yellowish due to mixing with other sulfides (such as carbonyl sulfur), and have an unpleasant smell of rotten radish. It can dissolve sulfur. Carbon disulfide is used for manufacturing rayon, insecticide, accelerator, etc., and also as solvent.

Chinese name: carbon disulfide^[56]
Foreign name: Carbon disulfide^[56]
chemical formula: CS two^[56]
molecular weight: seventy-six point one four one^[56]
CAS login number: 75-15-0^[56]
EINECS login number: 200-843-6^[56]
Melting point: -112 to - 111 ℃^[56]
Boiling point: 46.2 ℃

Water solubility: 2.9g/L(20℃)
Density: 1.266 g/cm³
Appearance: colorless liquid
Flash point: -30 ℃^[54-55]
Application: Manufacture rayon, insecticide, accelerator, etc., and use them as solvents
Security description: S16；S33；S36/37；S45；S7；S26
Hazard symbol: F；T
Hazard description: R11；R36/38；R48/23；R62；R63
UN dangerous goods number: one thousand one hundred and thirty-one^[56]

catalog

▪ Hazard Overview
▪ First aid measures
▪ Fire fighting measures
▪ Leakage emergency treatment
six Substance toxicity
seven Carbon disulfide waste gas treatment technology

Physical and chemical properties

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Technical Chemistry Data

Carbon disulfide is a kind of universal enzyme inhibitor , has cytotoxic effect, can destroy the normal metabolism of cells, and interfere with Lipoprotein Metabolism causes vascular disease, neuropathy and damage to main organs of the body.

Under normal temperature and pressure, carbon disulfide is colorless, transparent, slightly fragrant Liposolubility Liquid, yellow when there are impurities, a small amount of natural coal tar And crude oil Medium and high purity products have pleasant sweet taste Ether Smell, general reagent has rotten rotten egg smell, which is extremely strong volatility 、 Flammability and Explosive 。 The combustion is accompanied by blue flame and oxidized into carbon dioxide And sulfur dioxide 。 It is mainly used to produce artificial viscose fiber (artificial cotton, artificial wool) and viscose film, and also used to manufacture carbon tetrachloride 、 Ammonium dithiocarbamate 、 Xanthate , flotation agent, solvent and rubber vulcanizing agent. So is carbon disulfide sulfur 、 phosphorus 、 selenium 、 bromine 、 iodine 、 camphor 、 resin 、 wax 、 rubber and Grease It is also a good solvent for many organic substances infrared spectrum Determination and hydrogen proton nuclear magnetic resonance Solvent for spectrographic determination. It can be mostly absorbed from the respiratory tract and also absorbed through the skin. 1/4 of the intake is discharged through respiration, a small amount is discharged through urine, and the rest is metabolized. The metabolites in urine are sulfate and the presence of substances that are positive for iodine azide reaction, which are used as biological indicators of carbon disulfide exposure. The minimum lethal dose for human inhalation is 4000 ppm (30 minutes). acute poisoning At the initial stage, people get excited and have a headache, then lose consciousness, fall asleep and die. When exposed to low concentration for a long time, multiple neuritis occurs in the lower limbs, accompanied by headache, insomnia, loss of libido and memory decline, and can recover from contact. Long term exposure (for example, 10 years) will lead to vascular damage characterized by retinopathy and kidney disease. The maximum allowable atmospheric concentration specified by the United States and Japan is 10ppm (30mg/m three )。^[1]

physical property

Melting point: - 112~- 111 ℃

Density: 1.266g/cm three

Relative vapor density (air=1): 2.64

Boiling point: 46.2 ℃

Saturated vapor pressure: 53.32kPa (28 ℃)

Combustion heat: 1030.8kJ/mol

Critical temperature: 279 ℃

Critical pressure: 7.90MPa

Flash point: - 30 ℃

Upper explosive limit（ V / V ）：60.0%

Lower explosive limit（ V / V ）：1.0%

Ignition temperature: 90 ℃

Appearance and property: colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, pure product with ether flavor, easy to volatilize

Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether^[2]

solubility
Temperature (℃)	Carbon disulfide in water (g)	Water in carbon disulfide (g)
zero	zero point two four two	——
ten	zero point two three zero	zero point zero zero eight six
twenty	zero point two one zero	zero point zero one two
thirty	zero point one eight five	zero point zero one seven
forty	zero point one one one	zero point zero two two

chemical property

Basic thermochemical properties
nature	numerical value	Company	Temperature (K)	reference	state
heat capacity C P	seventy-seven point eight	J/(mol·K)	two hundred and ninety-three	^[3]	l
	seventy-four point eight nine	J/(mol·K)	two hundred and ninety-four point eight one	^[4]	l
	seventy-six point zero two	J/(mol·K)	two hundred and ninety-seven point four three	^[5]	l
	seventy-eight point nine nine	J/(mol·K)	two hundred and ninety-eight	^[6]	l
	seventy-six point one	J/(mol·K)	three hundred and one point two	^[7]	l
Standard enthalpy H （298.15K）	one hundred and sixteen point nine four	kJ/mol	two hundred and ninety-eight point one five	^[8]	g
	one hundred and seventeen point one	kJ/mol	two hundred and ninety-eight point one five	^[9]	g
	eighty-nine point four one	kJ/mol	two hundred and ninety-eight point one five	^[9]	l
Standard entropy S （298.15K）	one hundred and fifty-one	J/(mol·K)	two hundred and ninety-eight point one five	^[5]	l

Antoine vapor pressure formula
log ten ( P ) = A - B/(C+ t ) Where: P=vapor pressure (bar); t =Temperature (K)
temperature range	A	B	C^[57]	state
276.74~353.08	four point zero six six eight three	one thousand one hundred and sixty-eight point six two	-31.616	g

Spectrogram

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infrared spectrum

Infrared spectrogram^[10]

Spectrum peak list
S/N	Peak position (cm -1 )	Transmittance (%)	Half peak width (cm -1 )	Peak difference (%)
one	three hundred and eighty-five	seventeen	twenty-nine	eighteen
two	one thousand four hundred and ninety-six	nine	one hundred and twenty-four	ninety
three	two thousand one hundred and thirty-four	forty-seven	forty-three	fifty-one

^[10]

Mass spectrogram

purpose

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It is mainly used as raw material for manufacturing viscose fiber and cellophane. Xanthate produced from carbon disulfide is used as ore flotation agent in metallurgical industry. It is used to produce agricultural pesticides. When vulcanizing rubber industry, it can be used as the solvent of sulfur chloride. It is used to manufacture anti-corrosion agent for equipment and pipeline in ammonia treatment system. It is also a solvent for testing primary amine, secondary amine and α - amino acid, measuring refractive index and chromatographic analysis. It is also used to extract oil from flax seed, olive fruit, animal bone, leather and wool. Used as aviation lubricant. Carbon disulfide is an intermediate of the fungicide Daowenling, captan, mancozeb, mancozeb, mancozeb, thiram, thiram, thiram, thiram, etc. It is also a raw material of man-made fibers and a rubber vulcanization accelerator. Carbon disulfide is the raw material for the production of rayon, cellophane, carbon tetrachloride, pesticide fungicide and rubber additives; Carbon disulfide is an excellent solvent in the production of oil, wax, resin, rubber, sulfur and other products; It can be used as wool degreaser, clothes stain remover, metal flotation agent, paint and varnish film remover, aviation kerosene additive, etc.^[11-12]

Storage and transportation method

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Precautions for transportation: the liquid level of carbon disulfide shall be covered with water no less than 1/4 of the container volume. When aluminum drums with small openings and thick steel drums with small openings are used for railway transportation, they must be approved by the railway bureau. During transportation, the transportation vehicles shall be equipped with corresponding types and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is better to transport in the morning and evening in summer. The tank (tank) car used for transportation shall be equipped with grounding chain, and the tank can be equipped with hole partition to reduce static electricity generated by vibration. It is strictly prohibited to mix with oxidants, amines, alkali metals, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it shall be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature. Keep away from kindling, heat source and high temperature area during stopover. The exhaust pipe of the vehicle transporting this article must be equipped with a fire retardant device. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are easy to generate sparks for loading and unloading. Road transportation shall be carried out according to the specified route, and do not stay in residential areas and densely populated areas. It is forbidden to slip during railway transportation. It is strictly prohibited to transport in bulk by wooden boat or cement boat.

Precautions for storage: It is volatile at room temperature, so the surface of the container can be sealed with water. Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Keep container sealed. It shall be stored separately from oxidants, amines, alkali metals and edible chemicals, and mixed storage is strictly prohibited. Explosion proof lighting and ventilation facilities shall be adopted. It is prohibited to use mechanical equipment and tools that are easy to generate sparks. The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate materials.

Packaging precautions: small opening aluminum drum; Small opening thick steel drum; Screw mouth glass bottle, iron cap pressure mouth glass bottle, plastic bottle or ordinary wooden case outside metal bucket (can).

Precautions

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Hazard Overview

Health hazard: carbon disulfide is a poison that damages nerves and blood vessels. Acute poisoning: mild poisoning with dizziness, headache, eye and nasal mucosa irritation; Moderate poisoning with drunkenness; Severe poisoning may present a short period of excitement, followed by delirium, coma, loss of consciousness, accompanied by tonic and clonic convulsions. May die from respiratory paralysis. Severe poisoning can leave behind the God failure syndrome and permanent damage to the central and peripheral nerves. Chronic poisoning: manifested as neurasthenic syndrome, autonomic nerve dysfunction, multiple peripheral neuropathy, toxic encephalopathy. Fundus examination: retinal microaneurysm, arteriosclerosis, optic atrophy.

Flammability hazard: the product is extremely flammable and irritant.^[2]

First aid measures

Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothes immediately, and wash with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

Eye contact: Lift the eyelid and flush with flowing water or physiological saline. Get medical attention.

Inhalation: quickly leave the site to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. In case of dyspnea, seek medical treatment immediately.

Ingestion: drink enough warm water to induce vomiting. Get medical attention.^[2]

Fire fighting measures

Hazard characteristics: Extremely flammable, its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air in a wide range. It is easy to burn and explode in contact with heat, spark, flame or oxidant. Toxic sulfide smoke is generated from thermal decomposition. React violently with aluminum, zinc, potassium, fluorine, chlorine, azide, etc., which may lead to combustion and explosion. Combustion and explosion can be caused by electrostatic spark discharge after high-speed impact, flow and agitation. Its vapor is heavier than air, and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place. It will ignite and recoil when encountering an ignition source.

Hazardous combustion products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide.

Fire extinguishing method: spray water to cool the container, and move the container from the fire site to an open place if possible. If the container in the fire site has changed color or sounds from the safety relief device, it must be evacuated immediately.

Extinguishing agent: fog water, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand.^[2]

Leakage emergency treatment

Emergency treatment: quickly evacuate the personnel in the leakage pollution area to the safety area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the ignition source. Emergency handling personnel shall wear safety protection equipment. Do not touch the leakage directly. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent from flowing into restricted spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches.

Small amount of leakage: absorb with sand, vermiculite or other inert materials.

Large amount of leakage: build a dike or dig a pit to receive. Spray water or foam is used to cool and dilute steam and protect on-site personnel. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer to tank car or special collector, recycle or transport to waste disposal site for harmless treatment. Pollution site, emergency disposal tools, and cleaning wastewater should be harmless treated to meet environmental requirements.^[2]

Substance toxicity

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It has anesthetic effect at high concentration. It can damage human functions through respiratory tract and skin, and is highly toxic to organisms. The poisoning mechanism of human body mainly causes central nervous system poisoning and nervous system diseases. The treatment of poisoning is to leave the site as soon as possible and move to a place with good ventilation. People with weak breath need to take artificial respiration immediately.

Toxicity test data
number	Toxicity type	test method	Test object	Dosage	Toxic effect
one	acute toxicity	inhalation	human beings	4000 ppm/30M	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
two	acute toxicity	inhalation	human beings	2000 ppm/5M	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
three	acute toxicity	unknown	Male	186 mg/kg	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
four	acute toxicity	Oral	Rodent rat	1200 mg/kg	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
five	acute toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	25 gm/m three /2H	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
six	acute toxicity	Oral	Rodent - Rat	2780 mg/kg	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
seven	acute toxicity	inhalation	Rodent - Rat	10 gm/m three /2H	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
eight	acute toxicity	Oral	Rodent rabbit	2550 mg/kg	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
nine	acute toxicity	Oral	Rodent guinea pig	2125 mg/kg	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
ten	acute toxicity	intraperitoneal injection	Rodent guinea pig	400 mg/kg	Hepatotoxicity - liver degeneration
eleven	acute toxicity	inhalation	Mammals - Not specified	2000 ppm/5M	No lethal dose value other than that reported for detailed toxic and side effects
twelve	Multiple dose	Oral	Rodent rat	5055 mg/kg/4W-I	Cardiotoxicity - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Cardiotoxicity - Pulse Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss
thirteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	10 mg/m three /5H/13W-I	Brain toxicity - other degradation Endocrine toxicity - other changes Biochemical toxicity: abnormal neurotransmitter dopamine transmission
fourteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	2000 ppm/4H/2W-I	Behavioral toxicity - psychological and physiological changes Chronic disease related toxicity - death
fifteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	114 mg/m three /8H/20W-I	Kidney, ureter and bladder toxicity - including acute toxic renal failure, acute toxic tubular necrosis Hemotoxicity - spleen changes Chronic disease related toxicity - death
sixteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	800 ppm/6H/12W-I	Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of transaminase activity Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of other enzyme activities
seventeen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	1500 mg/m three /5H/26W-I	Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of phosphatase Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of other enzyme activities Biochemical toxicity - abnormal metabolism and blood transportation
eighteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	800 mg/m three /5H/1Y-I	Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of phosphatase Biochemical toxicity - inhibition of other enzyme activities
nineteen	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	100 mg/m three /17W-I	Cardiotoxicity - coronary heart changes Vascular toxicity - changes in vascular structure
twenty	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	500 ppm/24H/25W-C	Peripheral neurotoxicity - afferent nerve abnormalities Peripheral neurotoxicity - Efferent nerve abnormalities Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss
twenty-one	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent rat	800 ppm/6H/15W-I	Brain toxicity - abnormality of central nervous system Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss
twenty-two	Multiple dose	intraperitoneal injection	Rodent rat	3 mg/kg/3D-I	Spinal cord neurotoxicity - other spinal cord degenerative changes
twenty-three	Multiple dose	intraperitoneal injection	Rodent rat	6475 mg/kg/4W-I	Brain toxicity - other degenerative changes Behavioral toxicity - sleepiness Behavioral toxicity - excitement
twenty-four	Multiple dose	intraperitoneal injection	Rodent rat	5600 mg/kg/35D-I	Cardiotoxicity - other changes Vascular toxicity - changes in vascular structure Hemotoxicity - changes in serum components (such as TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
twenty-five	Multiple dose	Oral	Rodent - Rat	5512 mg/kg/5D-I	Endocrine toxicity: changes in thymus weight Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss Chronic disease related toxicity - death
twenty-six	Multiple dose	inhalation	Rodent - Rat	114 mg/m three /8H/20W-I	Gastrointestinal toxicity - other changes Nutritional and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain loss Chronic disease related toxicity - death
twenty-seven	Multiple dose	inhalation	Mammals - Dogs	1250 mg/m three /8H/11W-	Brain toxicity - no significant change Eye toxicity - no obvious change Cardiotoxicity - ECG changes
twenty-eight	Multiple dose	inhalation	Primate monkey	1200 mg/m three /6H/20W-I	Endocrine toxicity - hyperglycemia Hemotoxicity - changes in serum components (such as TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
twenty-nine	Multiple dose	inhalation	Primate monkey	160 ppm/6H/36D	Eye toxicity - no obvious change
thirty	Multiple dose	Oral	Rodent rabbit	25298 mg/kg/26W-I	Cardiotoxicity - changes in heart weight Endocrine toxicity - hyperglycemia Immune system toxicity - reduction of immune cells and immune active substances
thirty-one	Mutagenic toxicity		Bacteria Salmonella typhimurium	100 μL/plate
thirty-two	Mutagenic toxicity		Human lymph	8 mg/L
thirty-three	Mutagenic toxicity		Human lymph	10200 μg/L
thirty-four	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Men	40 mg/m three ，male 91 week(s) pre-mating	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - decreased spermatogenic function (including genetic material, sperm morphology, sperm vitality and count)
thirty-five	Reproductive toxicity	Oral	Rodent rat	2 mg/kg，female 6-15 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - Fetal toxicity (except death, e.g., fetal dysplasia)
thirty-six	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	200 mg/m three /24H，female 1-21 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - increased mortality before embryo implantation
thirty-seven	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	10 mg/m three /8H，female 1-22 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - eye/ear dysplasia Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity Abnormal vitality of newborn
thirty-eight	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	100 mg/m three /8H，female 1-22 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - slow weight gain of newborn
thirty-nine	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	100 mg/m3/8H,female 1-21 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - fetal death Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - craniofacial dysplasia (including nose and tongue) Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - dysplasia
forty	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	30 μg/m3/8H，female 1-22 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - neonatal behavioral abnormalities
forty-one	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent rat	600 ppm/6H，male 50 day(s) pre-mating	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - decrease of spermatogenic function (including genetic material, sperm morphology, sperm vitality and count) Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - abnormal function of prostate, testis, Cooper's gland and other gonads
forty-two	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent - Rat	2000 mg/m three /2H，female 1-21 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - increased mortality before embryo implantation Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - reduction of litter size
forty-three	Reproductive toxicity	inhalation	Rodent - Rat	10 mg/m three /2H，female 3 week(s) pre-mating	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - fertility decline
forty-four	Reproductive toxicity	Oral	Rodent rabbit	350 mg/kg，female 6-19 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - increased mortality after implantation
forty-five	Reproductive toxicity	Oral	Rodent rabbit	2100 mg/kg，female 6-19 day(s) after conception	Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity Other developmental abnormalities

^[11]^[13-53]

Carbon disulfide waste gas treatment technology

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Carbon disulfide is a common solvent and chemical raw material, which is widely used in industry to produce viscose fiber, cellophane, carbon tetrachloride, pesticide and rubber vulcanization. CS with large gas volume and low concentration produced during production and use two Waste gas is highly toxic, flammable and explosive, which is very harmful to the environment and human health. To protect the environment and human health, control CS two The discharge of is very necessary.

Hazards of carbon disulfide

The harm of carbon disulfide to the environment

CS two Its chemical reaction activity is low, but it is easy to be oxidized to SO through photochemical reaction in the stratosphere two , leading to the formation of acid rain. So CS two The harm to the atmospheric environment cannot be ignored.

The harm of carbon disulfide to industrial production

CS two It also does great harm to industrial production. CS two Slow hydrolysis generates hydrogen sulfide, which corrodes production equipment and causes economic losses; At the same time, it poisons the catalysts of downstream industries, such as those for methanol synthesis, alkylation process and ammonia synthesis.

Harm of carbon disulfide to human body

CS two It is a multi system affinity poison, which has toxic effects on nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary and other systems. CS two It mainly enters the human body through the respiratory tract, and can be absorbed by the skin in case of high concentration. CS after inhalation two It is widely distributed in the liver, kidney, brain, lung, fat, muscle, spleen, heart, adrenal and other organs, of which the content is the highest in the liver and kidney tissue, the lowest in the brain tissue, but the longest duration. The main manifestation of poisoning is central and peripheral nerve damage. CS two It can not only cause pathological changes in nervous and cardiovascular systems, but also lead to hypertension, coronary heart disease, memory loss, insomnia, etc., and it is also toxic to the reproductive system. There are literature reports, CS two It has embryotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, and also affects menstruation of female workers exposed to it. CS two It can lead to embryonic development disorders and birth defects, and this teratogenic effect can be inherited from generation to generation.

Carbon disulfide treatment technology

CS two After years of development, waste gas treatment technology has formed some effective methods.

Condensation method

CS two The boiling point of is 46.3 ℃, and the liquefaction temperature is low, so the condensation method is used to recover CS two It is an economical and convenient method. CS in exhaust gas two The higher the content, the lower the cooling temperature, the better the recovery effect.

Some manufacturers use normal temperature water (tap water) to cool and recover CS two And then exhaust the waste gas directly from the detoxification tower, which has a low recovery rate. The more reasonable method is to use multi-stage tubes and packing (such as porcelain ring) to cool and recover CS two 。 This method has the advantages of large cooling area, high cooling efficiency and low cost. The basic process is as follows: two Exhaust gas is often cooled by warm water (tap water) (first stage), and then cooled by chilled water (second and third stage), CS two Condensable gases such as water vapor are condensed, purified and recovered, and treated by this method two The recovery rate can be increased by about 20%.

Adsorption method

Treatment of CS by adsorption two Waste gas needs adsorbent with good adsorption performance and low cost, and the most commonly used adsorbent is activated carbon. Activated carbon adsorption CS two It belongs to exothermic adsorption dominated by physical adsorption. Low temperature is conducive to adsorption. Temperature has a negative effect on the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated carbon, and the impact is quite serious. Activated carbon adsorption CS two It is mainly carried out in micropores, and the adsorption capacity is related to the specific surface area of adsorbent and micropore volume.

Adsorption of CS by water on activated carbon two The ability of activated carbon has an impact on CS two The adsorption with water vapor has obvious selectivity, when the water content exceeds 6%~8%（ w ）When, CS two The adsorption capacity of.

Activated carbon adsorption CS two The general process of is CS two CS when waste gas passes through activated carbon bed two Is adsorbed. When the activated carbon adsorption reaches saturation, use CS two The boiling point is low (46.3 ℃), which can be resolved by heating, and then condensed for recovery. It can also be directly resolved by steam, and the activated carbon can be reused after drying and cooling.

Adsorption of CS on activated carbon two More research has been done on activated carbon fiber (ACF) adsorption of CS two There are few reports. ACF has attracted much attention recently because of its large specific surface area, many micropores, narrow pore size distribution, fast adsorption speed and strong regeneration ability. ACF vs. CS two Its adsorption performance is superior to that of activated carbon, and it is convenient to use and has large adsorption capacity.

Complete oxidation process

The complete oxidation method includes catalytic oxidation method and thermal combustion method, the latter requires a large amount of additional fuel combustion to provide heat and raise the exhaust gas temperature to CS two The complete oxidation temperature of. Under certain conditions, catalytic oxidation method is superior to thermal combustion method.

Thermal combustion method is CS two The exhaust gas enters the thermal combustion chamber for combustion after being preheated in the heat exchanger. The main principle of this method is to make CS in exhaust gas two And O two Reaction to generate SO two And then converted into SO three , adsorbed or condensed into H two SO four 。

The catalytic oxidation method is to convert CS two After the waste gas is heated, under the action of catalyst bed, CS two It is oxidized to SO at a lower temperature and within a shorter time two , and then condensed into concentrated sulfuric acid. Common catalysts include Al Mn, Pt, Ti, etc. The method can facilitate the removal and recovery of sulfur without secondary pollution. The WSA law of Topsoe in Denmark and the KVT-SUIFOX law of Maurer in Switzerland are more representative in the world. The reaction mechanism of the two is similar.

Wet oxidation method

1. Chelated iron oxidation

Iron chelate oxidation is an important research topic in recent years, which has been widely used in industry to remove H two S， If improved, it can be used to remove CS two 。 Alcohols such as propylene glycol and isopropanol are added to EDTA chelated iron solution as solubilizers to promote CS that is insoluble in water two Dissolution of. The experiment shows that when the EDTA Fe concentration is 0.2 mol/L and the alcohol content (calculated by volume) is about 30%, CS two The removal rate of can reach 96%, but this reaction needs to be carried out under high pressure.

2. Bromine water absorption electrolysis method

Experiments have been conducted to absorb CS generated during chemical fiber processing with bromine water in the washing tower two Exhaust gas to obtain HBr and H two SO four , then electrolyze HBr, regenerate and recycle, and concentrate the absorption solution to obtain concentrated H two SO four 。 This method has high recovery rate, and can obtain H two 、H two SO four And other by-products, and Br two It can be recycled, but the operation cost is high, and the requirements for equipment anti-corrosion are high.

Chemical absorption conversion method

This method is to convert CS into two It is a method of conversion and absorption to achieve removal. For example, MZX high-temperature organic sulfur conversion absorption fine desulfurizer is made by compounding various metal oxides, adding a certain proportion of adhesive to extrude, dipping the active component, drying and roasting.

MZX fine desulfurizer can effectively convert CS two The reaction temperature is 350~450 ℃. The MZX fine desulfurizer has simple desulfurization operation and low cost. It can replace the traditional cobalt molybdenum hydrogenation tandem zinc oxide process in industry and has good industrial application prospects. At the same time, EZ-2 wide temperature zinc oxide fine desulfurizer converts CS two And can be used in a wide temperature range from normal temperature to 400 ℃. Its desulfurization precision is high, which can effectively protect the sulfur sensitive catalyst in downstream production, solve the problems of equipment sulfur corrosion and catalyst poisoning, and achieve remarkable economic benefits.

KDS-I absorbent can remove CS under normal temperature and pressure two Conversion absorption desulfurizer, which is prepared by loading amine onto calcium silicate carrier two The removal rate can reach more than 70%.

Catalytic hydrogenation or catalytic hydrolysis

Catalytic hydrodesulfurizing agent is used to impregnate the material with hydrogenation function into Al as active component two O three Or Al two O three /SiO two A hydrogenation catalyst is formed on the support. Its active components mainly include WNi, MoNi, MoCo, MoCoNi, WmoNi, WmoNiCo, etc., sometimes with a small amount of P, B, F and other additives. Removal of CS by catalytic hydrogenation two Use CO-MO/Al at 300~400 ℃ two O three Catalyst generates H through hydrogenation two S 。

The hydrogen sulfide generated from the reaction is removed by a series fixed bed reactor. Catalytic hydrolysis of CS two When the reaction temperature is 200~300 ℃, the energy consumption is relatively low and the side reaction is less. CS two It is hydrolyzed and converted to hydrogen sulfide on the catalyst, and then hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed and removed by ferric oxide or activated carbon desulfurizer. Activated alumina is usually used as hydrolysis catalyst.

CS on alumina two Hydrolysis reactivity of CS two The catalytic hydrolysis reaction is alkali catalytic reaction, and the alkalinity is beneficial to CS two Hydrolysis of. Some scholars pointed out that the weak surface alkaline center is CS two Hydrolytic active center, and the weakly alkaline center also participates in CS two Hydrolysis.

Low temperature catalytic hydrolysis can further save energy, reduce consumption and reduce the occurrence of side reactions. Some scholars have studied the catalytic hydrolysis oxidation coupled one-step process for CS removal at low temperature two The feasibility was studied. That is, reducing CS two At the same time of hydrolysis temperature, the generated hydrogen sulfide can also be removed. Catalytic hydrolysis oxidation coupling is to use a bifunctional catalyst or two catalysts with different functions to catalyze the feed gas to synthesize intermediate products in a reactor, and then further catalyze to synthesize final products. In CS two In the removal of CS, a catalyst with hydrolysis and oxidation functions is used to achieve one-step removal of CS two 。

First, CS2 is hydrolyzed at the hydrolysis center of the catalyst to generate hydrogen sulfide, an intermediate product, and then hydrogen sulfide is oxidized at the oxidation center to generate elemental sulfur and sulfate and deposited on the catalyst. Through research, it is concluded that this method is feasible to remove CS2 at low temperature (100~130 ℃).

Plasma method

Plasma treatment of CS two The exhaust gas is mainly in the laboratory research stage, and its basic principle is: through the high-voltage pulse corona discharge with steep front and narrow pulse width (nanosecond) or through the acceleration of electric field, non-equilibrium plasma is generated at normal temperature and pressure, that is, high-energy electrons, O ·, OH · and other active particles two Molecules are oxidized and degraded to finally convert into CO two 、SO two 。

Photodegradation

Photodecomposition CS two There are two forms: one is to directly irradiate CS with light of specific wavelength two Decomposition; The other is that in the presence of catalyst, light makes CS two Disassemble. CS in direct photodegradation two It can directly absorb light radiation of specific wavelength and be decomposed. At the same time, oxygen and water vapor in exhaust gas can also absorb radiation to produce hydroxyl and high-energy oxygen atoms with strong oxidation ability. These free radicals can cause CS two Oxidation reaction.

Photocatalytic degradation of CS two The basic principle is that under the irradiation of certain wavelength light, photocatalysts (such as commonly used TiO two ）Is activated so that H two O generates hydroxyl radical, and then the hydroxyl radical converts CS two Oxidative degradation.

Biological method

Biological treatment of CS using the life activities of microorganisms two Waste gas has the advantages of low investment, low operation cost and less secondary pollution. The key of biological method lies in the selection of fillers and the selection and cultivation of desulfurization microorganisms. Because of degradation of CS two It is difficult to cultivate and domesticate the strain of two There are not many research literatures.

Degradation of CS has been reported two But only one strain can be used for CS two Degrading strain. Biological treatment of CS two Waste gas mainly uses the biochemical action of Thiobacillus group, and the most widely used strains are Thiobacillus Yooparus, ThioXidans, etc. Microbes convert CS in waste gas through a series of biochemical reactions two Convert to harmless CO two Gas, elemental sulfur or sulfate, meanwhile, energy is obtained during oxidation, and CS two Synthesis of cellular components for carbon sources.

In China, CS is treated by biological method two The waste gas is still in the research stage, and the process and equipment for biological treatment have not been developed. In foreign countries, Italian Snia Company and Austrian Lenzing Company have applied microbial engineering to treat H in waste gas of viscose fiber industry two S and CS two Technology. The process flow of the two companies is very similar: first, the waste gas is pumped into the biochemical tower, where the H two S、CS two The absorption is converted into sulfur or sulfate, and then diluted into sulfuric acid for recovery. The purified gas is directly discharged. Other impurities in the exhaust gas are filtered through the filter behind the biochemical tower. The clear liquid is reused after water make-up and temperature regulation.

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