Specialties of Huize County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province
Leye pepper, Qujing, YunnanHuize CountySpecialty, a national geographical indication of agricultural products.
Huize County is located in the low latitude plateau in the northeast of Yunnan Province. It has a large angle of solar height throughout the year, fresh and thin air, high sunlight transmittance, 2129 hours of annual sunshine, 210 days of frost free period, 12.7 ℃ of annual average temperature, 817.7mm of annual rainfall, and obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, suitable for pepper growth.Leye pepper is 10-19cm long, 0.1-0.2cm thick in flesh, 5-12g in average single fruit weight. The fruit is sheep horn shaped, smooth, sharp and slightly curved at the tip, bright in color, shiny, red, transparent, smooth in appearance, and bright red or dark red in mature fruit.Leye pepper is bright in color, bright and ruddy in oil, and pure and moderate in spicy taste.[1]
On August 3, 2012, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China officially approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products for "Leye Pepper".[2]
Chinese name
Leye pepper
name of origin
Huize County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province
Quality characteristics
Smooth fruit surface and bright color
geographical indication
Geographical indications of agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture
Approval No
Announcement No. 1813 of the Ministry of Agriculture
Leye pepper is 10-19cm long, 0.1-0.2cm thick in flesh, 5-12g in average single fruit weight. The fruit is sheep horn shaped, smooth, sharp and slightly curved at the tip, bright in color, shiny, red, transparent, smooth in appearance, and bright red or dark red in mature fruit.
nutritive value
Leye pepper is bright in color, bright and ruddy, pure and moderate in spicy taste, and rich in nutritional value;In every 100g of pepper products, the content of vitamin C is ≥ 150mg, the content of capsaicin is ≥ 26.6mg, and the content of crude fiber is ≥ 24.5%.[1]
Leye pepper
Production environment
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Natural ecology
The natural ecological environment of Leye pepper producing area is located in a low latitude and high altitude area. There are undulating mountains, crisscross rivers, high in the west and low in the east, rising from the south to the north. The terrain varies greatly. The highest altitude is 3150 meters, the lowest altitude is 1380 meters, and the average altitude is 1950 meters.The soil mainly includes brown soil, red soil and purple soil. The soil is fertile, loose and has good permeability and drainage.[1]
Hydrology
The main rivers in Huize County include Xiaojiang River, Niulan River, Yili River and their tributaries, which run through the county and then flow into the Jinsha River. They belong to the Jinsha River water system. There are 57 rivers and streams in the county, with 1.446 billion cubic meters of inbound water and 3.835 billion cubic meters of outbound water, accounting for 3397 cubic meters of water per capita.[1]
Climatic conditions
Huize County is located in the low latitude plateau in the northeast of Yunnan Province. It has a large solar altitude angle all year round, fresh and thin air, high sunlight transmittance, 2129 annual sunshine hours, 210 frost free days, an annual average temperature of 12.7 ℃, and an annual rainfall of 817.7mm. It has obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, abundant light, heat and water resources, small annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference, no severe cold in winter, no intense heat in summer, and hot rain in the same season,The dry and wet seasons are distinct, with unique plateau monsoon climate and rich three-dimensional climate characteristics, suitable for pepper growth.[1]
Leye pepper
historical origin
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Leye pepper cultivation has a long history. According to the Huize Cultural and Historical Data, "in the east of Huize County, there is a Leye River stretching for nearly a hundred miles. The river water is clear, the land on both sides is fertile, and the climate is mild. This is the Leye channel rich in pepper".
In 2005, the pepper production base in Huize County was listed as the fifth batch of agricultural standardization demonstration construction by the National Standardization Administration Committee.[3]
In 2007, Huize County was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Peppers", "Top 100 County of Chinese Peppers", and Leye Town was awarded the title of "No.1 Town of Chinese Peppers" by the Organizing Committee of China (Changsha) International Pepper Industry Expo.At the Pepper Expo, the governor of Yunnan Province wrote a sticker for Huize, "Huize peppers sell all over the world".[4]
Leye pepper
Production
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In 2005, Huize County planted 3326.7 square hectares of Leye pepper, harvested 6.2 million kilograms of Leye dried pepper, and realized an output value of 60 million yuan.Promote Leye pepper pollution-free standardized production demonstration of 666.7 square hectares.
In 2006, Huize County planted 3420 square hectares of Leye pepper, harvested 7.25 million kg of Leye dried pepper, and realized an output value of 72.52 million yuan.Promote Leye pepper pollution-free standardized production demonstration of 1000 square hectares.[5]
In 2010, Huize County has built a pollution-free pepper production base with an area of 7000 square hectares, an annual output of 20000 tons of dry pepper and an annual output value of 160 million yuan.[3]
In 2012, Leye pepper planting area was 6667 hectares, with an annual output of 18000 tons.[1]
Leye pepper
Product honor
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In 1983, Leye Pepper won the honorary certificate issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation at the Beijing Export Achievement Exhibition.[4]
Leye pepper produced here was certified as a national "pollution-free" agricultural product by the Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Management Center of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2004.[3]
On August 3, 2012, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China officially approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products for "Leye Pepper".[2]
Leye pepper
geographical indication
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Scope of geographical protection
The geographical indication protection area of Leye pepper covers Leye, Yiche, Jinzhong, Zhehai and Huohong villages and towns in Huize County.The geographical coordinates are 103 ° 22 ′ 00 ″ east longitude - 103 ° 37 ′ 00 ″ north latitude 26 ° 29 ′ 00 ″ - 26 ° 47 ′ 00 ″.[6]
Quality and technical requirements
Production technical requirements
(1) Origin selection
Leye pepper chooses a loam plot with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, deep, loose and fertile soil layer, no industrial "three wastes" discharge nearby, and far away from the traffic trunk road.
(2) Variety selection
Leye pepper is mainly cultivated in Leye, a traditional fine local variety. It is named because it is planted in Leye slot and the shape of pepper fruit is like sheep horn.
(3) Production process management
Seedling raising time: in March and March of each year, plastic arch shed is used for seedling raising. If conditions permit, plug seedling raising and factory seedling raising can be used, and seedling facilities are disinfected to create environmental conditions suitable for seedling growth and development.
Preparation of seedbed: The seedbed shall be selected from the land with leeward and sunny, loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no solanaceous crops have been planted in the last three years. Deep turning and sunning shall be carried out first, and the soil shall be finely ground. Six portions of garden soil, four portions of decomposed organic fertilizer, and 75 grams of ordinary superphosphate and 60 grams of potassium sulfate shall be added every 1 square meter to fully mix. The border shall be 1.2 meters wide, and the length shall be suitable for flat border.
Seed treatment: select plump and shiny seeds, soak them in 25-30 ℃ clean water for 4-5 hours, and mix them with 2-4 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per kilogram of seeds before sowing.
Seeding method: select windless and sunny weather, and sow in the afternoon. The sowing amount is 10-15 grams per 1 square meter. Before sowing, fully water the seedbed. After the water seeps out, evenly sow the seeds on the seedbed, and then cover a layer of 1cm thick seedbed soil. The bed surface is covered with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation.
Seedling management: after sowing, keep the temperature in the shed at 25-30 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night. When the seedlings emerge at 70%, remove the mulch and mulch on the bed surface in time, and spread a thin layer of fine soil on the bed surface to prevent the seedlings from falling down and exposing their roots.After the seedlings are complete, keep the daytime temperature in the shed at about 25 ℃, and the night temperature at 15-20 ℃. The seedlings should be pulled out in time. The injured seedlings, deformed seedlings, top shell seedlings, and diseased seedlings should be pulled out. After thinning, the seedlings should be covered with 0.3cm thick fine soil to protect the soil moisture and roots.If the humidity of the seedbed is too high and the temperature is too high, the seedbed should be properly ventilated to cool down and remove moisture. If it is too dry, it should be properly watered.The seeding bed seedlings shall be refined one week before seeding.When two leaves are in one mind, select sunny morning to divide seedlings in time, and the seedbed shall be watered thoroughly the day before seedling separation.When picking up seedlings, first use a shovel to loosen the soil from below the root group, carefully take out the seedlings, and immediately plant them into the sub seedling bed.After the seedlings are separated, the plastic shed shall be covered in time, and then the straw curtain shall be covered. Generally, the shed shall be uncovered during the day and covered at night. The temperature in the shed shall be kept at 30 ℃ within 7 days to promote the rooting and returning of seedlings. When the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, ventilation shall be provided to prevent seedlings from burning.Thereafter, the seedbed temperature shall be kept at 25-27 ℃, and ventilation shall be conducted when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃.Urea was applied 2-3 times depending on the growth of seedlings.When seedlings are obviously short of water, water them properly.10 days before planting, gradually remove all the covers and conduct outdoor seedling training.
Land preparation: select the plot without solanaceous crops in the previous crop, remove the weeds in the field and the residual branches and leaves of the previous crop, turn the land to sun, and prepare the land carefully. Before the last plowing, 2000-3000 kg of decomposed farm manure and 30-50 kg of ordinary calcium superphosphate shall be applied every 667 square meters as the base fertilizer, mixed and evenly scattered on the ground, buried in the soil during plowing, and furrowed and ridged for planting after raking.
Planting: When seedlings grow to 7-10 true leaves, they shall be transplanted and planted in time.The wide and narrow rows shall be ridged and covered with film for planting. The wide rows shall be 70-80cm, the narrow rows shall be 40cm, and the pond spacing shall be 30-35cm. The fertile land shall be thin and the thin land shall be dense.When planting, dig ponds on the ridge surface to plant seedlings, apply 30-50kg compound fertilizer to the holes per mu, and water enough to stabilize the seedlings.Cover the film, break the film to attract seedlings, seal the film with soil, and pour small water on the film once to make the film more compact.
Water and fertilizer management: after the planting is successful, 4-6 kg urea shall be applied every 667 square meters. For soil fertilization, attention shall be paid to digging ponds 8-10 cm away from the root, covering soil and watering to prevent root burning;After entering the young fruit stage, 4-5kg potassium sulfate and 4-5kg urea should be applied every 667 square meters;From the initial flowering stage, spray 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on the leaves 2-3 times, 0.1% borax aqueous solution 1-2 times, once every 10 days, and spray about 50 kg every 667 square meters each time.The plots with irrigation conditions shall be watered once in the young fruit stage, and then watered timely in sunny morning according to the moisture content.During the whole growth period, pay attention to drainage in rainy days, avoid waterlogging on the border surface, and properly control watering in the red ripening period.It is prohibited to water polluted dirty water, use garbage, sludge, nitrate nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, etc.), chlorine containing fertilizer, compound (mixed) fertilizer with nitrate nitrogen and chlorine containing fertilizer as raw materials, and prohibit any fertilizer within 20 days before harvesting.
Disease and insect control: adopt physical, biological and chemical control measures, carry out rotation for more than one year, cultivate healthy seedlings at the right age, ridging and film mulching cultivation, increase organic fertilizer, and improve stress resistance.Use yellow board to lure aphids, actively protect and use natural enemies such as ladybugs septempunctata to prevent and control diseases and pests;In terms of drug control, biological pesticides such as matrine and azadirachtin are preferred for pest control, followed by chemical pesticides, which are strictly in accordance with GB 4285 and GB/T 8321.
(4) Product harvest
The standard for fruit harvesting is that the whole fruit turns red, and more than 90% of the whole fruit will be harvested at one time with fruit in succession when it is red and ripe. 8-10 trees will be bundled together, hung to dry, and then picked for marketing.Strengthen post harvest management to ensure product safety, nutrition, quality and hygiene.
(5) Production record requirements
During the whole Leye pepper production process, the inputs of production materials (fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, etc.), production base plots and relevant quality inspection data shall be recorded.
Product quality and safety regulations
The quality of Leye pepper products meets the requirements of local standards of Yunnan Province: DB53/T 254-2008 Technical Regulations for Leye Pepper Production, DB53/T 255-2008 Leye Dried Pepper.
Regulations on the use of signs
(1) Grading: according to the local standard of Yunnan Province DB53/T 255-2008 Leye Dried Chilli Peppers, it can be divided into special grade, first grade and second grade.
(2) Storage: It shall be stored in a dry and well ventilated warehouse at a temperature of 20 ℃ - 25 ℃.Open storage is prohibited.It is forbidden to store together with toxic, polluting and humid materials.Bagged dried chilli shall be stacked at least 30cm away from the wall and the ground. Stacking shall be neat. Walkways and ventilation ducts shall be reserved for piles. The ground where dried chilli is stored in bulk shall be cleaned or lined with spacers.It is not allowed to stack and store together with other articles.
(3) Packaging: In terms of packaging method, first use self sealing bags to pack 100-200g per bag, then put them into cartons, each box contains 1-2 kg of dry pepper.
(4) Transportation: The means of transportation for pepper must be dry, clean and free from pollution. During transportation, it must be protected from sun exposure and rain.
(5) Identification: The user of the sign shall uniformly use the geographical indications of agricultural products on their products or their packaging (the combination of the name and public logo pattern of Huize Leye pepper in Leye).[1]
