The unequal treaties that France forced the Qing government to conclude
《Ten clauses of Vietnam Treaty signed by China France Council》Or Vietnam Clause, also known as《Treaty of Lebanon》And the Sino French New Testament.France forced the Qing government to conclude theSino French WarOfUnequal treaties。
The treaty was signed by the Qing Dynasty on June 9, 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu's reign)Minister BeiyangLi HongzhangWith the French MinisterBadno(Jules Patenotre, 1845-1925) was signed in Tianjin.It is concluded for China and France thatWhampoa TreatyThere are ten clauses in the subsequent treaties.
（1）Qing governmentRecognize France's right to protect Vietnam and allow the conclusion of treaties with Vietnam.
(2) The boundary between China and Vietnam shall be surveyed, andLang ShanTwo places to the north are designated as trading places, where French businessmen are allowed to live and have consuls;
(3) Reduce the import and export tax rate at the border between China's Yunnan and Guangxi provinces and Vietnam;
(4) In the future, China should apply to the French commercial office for railway construction;
(5) The French army withdrew from Taiwan and Penghu.
Treaty impact
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1. After the signing of the treaty, the French aggressors began to extend into Yunnan and Guangxi through Vietnam.
2. China agrees that "all treaties concluded and pending" between France and Vietnam will be ignored, that is, to recognize France's right to protect Vietnam;France Yomin "should preserve and protect" the border between China and Vietnam, and China Yomin "will be stationedBeiqiThe defense battalions will be transferred back to the border immediately;China agreed to open the border between China and Vietnam for trade, and agreed that it should be "extremely beneficial to French business" when negotiating the relevant commercial tariff with France in the future;Detailed terms of the meeting of representatives of both parties within three months after the signing of this agreement.It facilitated the colonization of the land west of the South China Sea and the establishment of French China.
