The First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, referred to as the Red Front Army for short, was once called the "Central Red Army".During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, one of the main forces of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army led by the Communist Party of China.
On June 13, 1930, after the National Soviet Congress and the National Red Army Congress were held, Mao Zedong presided over the "Tingzhou Conference", which determined the resolution to reorganize the Red Army in Tingzhou.On June 19 of the same year, the Fourth Red Army, the Third Red Army and the Twelfth Red ArmyChangtingNanzhai Square was officially reorganized as the First Route Army of the Red Army.In August 1930, the First Red Army and the Third Red Army in Yonghe City, Liuyang County, Hunan Province (now Hunan ProvinceLiuyang CityYonghe Town), and reorganized to form the first front army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.[2]Zhu De was appointed Commander in Chief, Peng Dehuai was appointed Deputy Commander in Chief, and Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai successively served as Chief Political Commissar.He smashed the Kuomintang army's four "encirclement and suppression" campaigns in the Central Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province.The Long March began in October 1934.In October of the next year, it reached the Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area.After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, it was reorganized into the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army.
Chinese name
The First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
Foreign name
First Front Army of the Chinese Workers'and Peasants'Red Army
In August 1930, the 1st and 3rd Corps of the Red Army formed the first front army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.This army was responsible for the Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the Hunan Jiangxi border, and the Pingjiang, southern HunanWest FujianIt was developed on the basis of the troops established by the uprisings in southwest Jiangxi, Yiheng, Zuoyoujiang, etc.
Flag of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
In September 1927, after the fall harvest uprising on the Hunan Jiangxi border was defeated, Mao Zedong led the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army formed during the uprising to move to the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains. In October, he moved to the Jinggangshan area to create a base area.
In January 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the remaining troops from the Nanchang Uprising to Yizhang, Hunan Province, and then launched the Xiangnan Uprising with the CPC Southern Hunan Special Committee, forming the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 7th Divisions of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.In April, Zhu De and Chen Yi led their troops to Longshi, Ninggang County (today's Jinggangshan City), Jiangxi Province, to join forces with the Autumn Harvest Uprising Army led by Mao Zedong.After the meeting, the two armies were combined into the Fourth Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army (later renamed the Fourth Army of the Red Army).In December 1928, Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the main force of the Red Army 5 consisting of the Pingjiang Uprising Force to move from the border of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi to Ninggang, joined the Fourth Red Army and formed the 30th Regiment of the Fourth Red Army.The First Division of the Fifth Red Army is composed ofHuang GonglueThe leaders still stayed at the border of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi to persist in the struggle.During this period, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, Zhu De and other leaders, the Fourth Red Army used the strategy and tactics of guerrilla warfare to defeat the repeated "invasion and suppression" and "joint suppression" of the Kuomintang troops in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, and consolidated and developed the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area.
In the middle of January 1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and others led the main forces of the Fourth Red Army into southern Jiangxi and western Fujian, and then combined with local Communist Party organizations and local armed forces to create revolutionary bases in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian.In December, the former committee of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China (CPC), according to the CPC Central Committee“September Letter”The Ninth Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China (i.e. Gutian Conference) was held in Gutian Village, Shanghang County, Fujian Province. It summarized the experience of the Fourth Red Army in building the army, passed the Resolution of the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China (also known as the Resolution of Gutian Conference), and established the basic principles of building the people's army.Around this time, the Fourth Red Army smashed two "counter campaigns" of the Kuomintang army in three provinces of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian, and expanded its forces.After the main force of the Fourth Red Army left the Jinggangshan Mountains, the 30th and 32nd Regiments of the Fourth Red Army fought fiercely with the Kuomintang troops "fighting" in Jinggangshan Mountains for 4 days and nights. Then the main force of the 30th Regiment moved to southern Jiangxi. In mid April, it returned to the Jinggangshan area to persist in the struggle, and then moved to the border area of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi in mid August;At the beginning of September, the Ministry and the Hunan Hubei Jiangxi Border Detachment of the Red Army formed the 5th Red Army again.
In June 1930, the First Division of the Fifth Red Army and the local armed forces in southeast Hubei formed the 8th Red Army.In June 1930, according to the decision of the National Conference of Red Army Representatives, Red 4, Red 6 (soon to be called the 3rd Army) and Red 12 Armies in southwest Jiangxi and western Fujian formed the 1st Red Army Corps (initially called the 1st Route Army), with Zhu De as the commander in chief and Mao Zedong as the political committee member.Among them, the First Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (later renamed the Red Front Army) was announced in Changting, which made western Fujian the first place for the Red Army to reorganize[3]。Subsequently, the Red 20 Army and the Red 22 Army (reduced to the 64th Division in December), which were composed of local armed forces in southwest Jiangxi, were also incorporated into the Red 1 Corps.The 5th Red Army and 8th Red Army in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi formed the 3rd Red Army Corps, with Peng Dehuai as the commander in chief and Teng Daiyuan as the political commissar.Subsequently, the 16th Army of the Red Army, which was composed of local armed forces along the border of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, was also incorporated into the Red Army 3rd Corps.
On August 23, 1930, the 1st and 3rd Corps of the Red Army met in Yonghe City, Liuyang County, Hunan Province to form the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the General Front Committee of the First Front Army of the Communist Party of China.Zhu DeRen, Commander in Chief of the Front Army,Mao ZedongServed as the General Political Committee and Secretary of the General Front Committee,outstanding Communist military leaderDeputy Commander in Chief,Teng DaiyuanServe as Deputy General Political Committee,Zhu YunqingChief of Staff,Yang YuebinDirector of the Political Department.It has jurisdiction over the 1st and 3rd Corps, with a total of more than 30000 people.The formation of the first front army of the Red Army is of great significance for the Red Army to realize its strategic transformation from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare.
From November 1930 to September 1931, under the leadership of Zhu De and Mao Zedong, the First Front Army of the Red Army adopted the policy of "luring the enemy in depth", broke the first, second and third large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army, and wiped out about 80000 Kuomintang troops.After three times of fighting against "encirclement and suppression", the Red Army has formed such basic operational principles as taking the fight against "encirclement and suppression" as the main form of war, taking "luring the enemy deep" as the basic strategic policy, taking mobile warfare as the basic form of fighting against "encirclement and suppression", and taking the war of annihilation as the basic operational guiding ideology.After the victory of the third anti "encirclement and suppression" campaign, the Soviet areas in southern Jiangxi and western Fujian joined together and expanded to nearly 30 counties. With 15 county towns and a population of more than 2.5 million, they became the largest Soviet region in China.During this period, the 35th Army of the Red Army composed of local armed forces in southern Jiangxi (later reorganized as the independent 3rd Division) and the 7th Army of the Red Army transferred from Youjiang area in Guangxi to the Central Soviet Area were incorporated into the Red Front Army.
On November 25, 1931, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission of the Chinese Soviet Republic was established, and the General Headquarters of the First Red Front Army was revoked. The troops of the First Red Front Army were directly led and commanded by the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, which is called the Central Red Army.Zhu De was appointed Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, and Wang Jiaxiang and Peng Dehuai were appointed Vice Chairmen.The Central Revolutionary Military Commission set up the General Staff Department, with Ye Jianying as the minister;The General Political Department (soon to be renamed the General Political Department of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army), Wang Jiaxiang concurrently served as the director (soon, Nie Rongzhen and He Chang successively served as deputy directors);Fan Shude is the head of the General Manager Department.At that time, the Central Red Army ruled the 3rd, 4th and 3rd Corps.On December 16, the Ningdu Uprising Force was reorganized into the 5th Red Army Corps (governing the 13th, 14th and 15th armies), with Ji Zhentong as the commander in chief and Xiao Jinguang as the political commissar, which was also incorporated into the Central Red Army.
In March 1932, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided to reorganize the 1st, 3rd and 5th Red Army Corps.The 4th and 15th armies of the Red Army were formed into the 1st Corps, and the Corps Headquarters was established. Lin Biao was appointed as the commander in chief (later renamed as the head of the Corps), and Nie Rongzhen was appointed as the political commissar;The 5th, 7th and 14th Armies are the 3rd Corps (the 14th Red Army is not actually incorporated);The 3rd and 13th armies are the 5th Corps.In June, the number of the First Front Army of the Red Army was restored. Zhu De served as the Commander in Chief of the Front Army, Ye Jianying served as the Chief of Staff, and Wang Jiaxiang served as the Director of the Political Department.On the 7th of the same month, the 3rd and 6th independent divisions of the Jiangxi Military Region were jointly organized as the 21st Army, and the 4th and 5th independent divisions were jointly organized as the 22nd Army.The 14th Army is the 39th Division of the 13th Army.In August, the organizational sequence of the Red First Front Army was partially adjusted: the 3rd Army was reorganized into the 1st Corps, and the 15th Army was reorganized into the 5th Corps;The 45th Division of the 15th Army was formed into the 31st Division, under the command of the 1st Corps, and the 45th Division of the 15th Army was formed by local armed forces.In the same month, Mao Zedong was appointed as the General Political Committee of the Red Front Army.In October, Zhou Enlai was appointed as the general political member of the Red Front Army.In 1932, the Red Army carried out the campaigns of Ganzhou, Zhangzhou, Nanxiong Shuikou, Le'an Yihuang, Jianlitai and Jinzi successively.From the end of 1932 to the beginning of 1933, the Red First Front Army reorganized its troops in order to streamline its organs and enrich its companies.After reorganization, the 7th, 9th, 10th and 11th divisions were under the jurisdiction of the 1st Red Army Corps;The 3rd Red Army Corps governs the 1st, 2nd, 3rd Divisions and the 7th Army (4 regiments);The 5th Red Army Corps governs the 38th, 39th and 15th Divisions (4 regiments).
The Long March of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
From February to March 1933, under the command of Zhu De and Zhou Enlai, the First Front Army of the Red Army used correct strategies and tactics to break the fourth large-scale "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang Army and eliminate nearly three divisions of the Kuomintang Army.At that time, the First Front Army of the Red Army had the 1st, 3rd, 5th Corps and the 11th (consisting of the 10th Red Army and the 31st Red Division), the 12th, 21st, and 22nd Corps, totaling more than 80000 people.In May 1933, the General Headquarters of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the First Front Army Headquarters were formed. Zhu De was the General Commander and Commander of the Front Army, Zhou Enlai was the General Political Committee and Political Committee Member of the Front Army, Ye Jianying and Zhang Yunyi were respectively the Chief of Staff and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Front Army, and Wang Jiaxiang was the Director of the General Political Department and Director of the Political Department of the Front Army (Yang Shangkun soon took over as the Director of the Political Department of the Front Army)Yuan Guoping was appointed Deputy Director of the Political Department of the Front Army.From the end of May to the beginning of June, the First Front Army of the Red Army was reorganized according to the new organization of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army: the units of the First Red Army, the Red 22nd Army and the Ruijin Model Division were organized as the First Corps of the Red Army, which governs the First, Second and Third Divisions (the Third Division was not actually incorporated);The units of the Red 3 Corps, the Red 21 Corps and the Xingguo Model Division are organized into the Red 3 Corps, which governs the 4th, 5th and 6th Divisions;The 13th Division was under the jurisdiction of the 5th Red Army Corps. Soon, the 15th Red Army Division (adapted from the International Division of the Communist Party of China) and the 34th Red Army Division (downsized from the 19th Army of Fujian Military Region) were incorporated into the 5th Red Army Corps.The 11th Red Army was reduced to the 19th Division, and the 12th Red Army was reduced to the 1st Independent Regiment.From July to September, the First Front Army of the Red Army, according to the instructions of the Provisional Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, carried out a separate operation. The East Army, mainly composed of the Third Red Army Corps, entered Fujian to fight, and the Central Army, mainly composed of the First Red Army Corps, moved between Fuhe River and Ganjiang River.In late September, the Kuomintang army launched the fifth large-scale "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Red Front Army and the Central Soviet Area.In October, the Red First Front Army formed the 7th and 9th Corps.In the 7th Corps, Xunhuazhou was the head of the Corps, and Xiao Jinguang was the political member. The 19th Division, the 20th Division (composed of local armed forces in northern Fujian), the 34th Division (the 34th Division of the former Red 5th Corps) and an independent Corps were under the jurisdiction of the Corps;The 9th Corps,Luo BinghuiHe served as the head of the regiment and Cai Shufan as the political commissar. He had jurisdiction over the 3rd Division (the 3rd Division of the original Red 1st Corps), the 14th Division (composed of Bosheng Division) and two independent regiments.
The First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
In January 1934, the General Headquarters of the Red Army and the Headquarters of the First Front Army were merged into the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. The units of the Front Army were under the direct command of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. The First Front Army of the Red Army was again called the Central Red Army.At that time, the leading members of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and the Red Army Headquarters were: Zhu De was the Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang were the Vice Chairmen, Liu Bocheng was the Chief of the General Staff, Ye Jianying and Zhang Yunyi were the Deputy Chief of the General Staff, and Wang Jiaxiang was also the Director of the General Political Department (laterGu ZuolinLi Fuchun, deputy director of the General Political Department.In July, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission formed an advance team of the 7th Red Army Corps to go north to fight against Japan and advance to the border of Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Anhui.In September, the Central Red Army set up the 8th Corps, with Zhou Kun as the head of the Corps and Huang as the political commissar. It has jurisdiction over the 21st Division (composed of Jiangxi local armed forces) and the 23rd Division (adapted from the Central Guard Division).By October, although the Central Red Army had fought hard for one year, it was forced to withdraw from the Central Soviet Area and carry out the Long March due to the "Left" dogmatic strategic guidance of the CPC Central Committee leaders, which failed to break the fifth "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army.On October 10, 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 8th and 9th Corps of the Central Red Army, as well as the organs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission and the teams directly under them, to start the Long March.At the beginning of the Long March, the "Left" dogmatist leaders continued to pursue the wrong military strategy. By the beginning of December, the Central Red Army had broken through the fourth blockade line of the Kuomintang army, reducing the number of people from more than 86000 at the time of departure to more than 30000.On December 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted Mao Zedong's suggestion and changed the original plan of going north to Xiangxi and joining the Red 2 and Red 6 Corps to move towards the north of Guizhou Province, where the Kuomintang army is weak.At the same time, the designation of the 8th Red Army Corps was revoked and the troops were incorporated into the 5th Red Army Corps.
Road Map of the Long March of the First Red Front Army
On January 7, 1935, the Central Red Army occupied Zunyi.From 15th to 17th, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Zunyi, which ended the rule of "Left" dogmatism in the CPC Central Committee and actually established Mao Zedong's leadership in the Red Army and the CPC Central Committee.Later, a three person team consisting of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Jiaxiang was formed to take charge of directing the Red Army's actions.The army has been reorganized: the first regiment has two divisions and six regiments, the third regiment has four regiments directly under the central government, and the fifth and ninth regiments have three regiments directly under the central government.After the Zunyi Conference, the Central Red Army crossed Chishui, Jinsha River, Dadu River, captured Luding Bridge, crossed Jiajin Mountain, got rid of hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops, overcame the harsh natural conditions, and reached Maogong (now Xiaojin) area in northwest Sichuan Province in mid June to join forces with the Red Army.After the meeting, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Central Red Army and the Red Square Army would move north together to create the Sichuan Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area.On July 18, the CPC Central Committee appointed Zhang Guotao as the General Political Committee of the Red Army.On the 21st, the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 9th Corps of the Central Red Army were reorganized into the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 32nd Corps.On August 6, the designation of the First Front Army of the Red Army was restored again.Zhou Enlai was the commander and political commissar of the front army, Zhou Kun was the chief of staff, and Li Fuchun was the director of the political department (later Zhu Rui).In the middle of August, the First and Fourth Front Armies of the Red Army were mixed into Left and Right Route Armies and moved northward.At the end of the month, the Right Road Army went through a lot of hardships and finally came out of the vast grassland where people were rarely seen and the climate was changeable to Brazil in Sichuan Province.However, after Zhang Guotao led the leading troops of the Left Route Army to the Aba area, they did not move.He rejected the CPC Central Committee's policy of going north, sent the Right Route Army south by telegraph, and attempted to endanger and split the CPC Central Committee.In order to implement the policy of going north, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China led the First and Third Armies of the Red Front Army and the Military Commission Column to continue going north. On September 12, it decided to reorganize these troops into the Shaanxi Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as the commander and Mao Zedong as the political member.The Shaanxi Gansu Detachment crossed Minshan Mountain, captured Lazikou, broke through the Weihe River blockade, crossed Liupan Mountain, and reached Wuqi Town in the Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area on October 19.So far, the Long March of the main force of the Red Front Army, which lasted one year, traversed 11 provinces and traveled 25000 miles, ended successfully.In early November, the Shaanxi Gansu Detachment met the 15th Red Army Corps in Ganquan, Shaanxi Province.In the first ten days of November, the number of the First Front Army was restored. Peng Dehuai was the commander, Mao Zedong was the political committee member, Ye Jianying was the chief of staff, and Wang Jiaxiang was the director of the political department (soon, Yang Shangkun took over). He had jurisdiction over the 1st and 15th Corps, with a total of more than 10000 people.The 1st Corps, with Lin Biao as its head and Nie Rongzhen as its political commissar, is composed of the former 1st and 3rd Corps, which governs the 2nd and 4th Divisions, 1st and 13th Regiments;In the 15th Corps, Xu Haidong was appointed as the head of the Corps, and Cheng Zihua was appointed as the political commissar, with jurisdiction over the 75th, 78th, 81st Divisions and a cavalry regiment.In late November, the Red Front Army won the battle of Zhiluo Town, breaking the Kuomintang army's third "encirclement and suppression" of the Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area, and laying the foundation for the CPC Central Committee to set the national revolutionary headquarters in the northwest.
Road Map of the First Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army
From February to July 1936, the First Front Army of the Red Army carried out the Eastern and Western Expeditions, expanded the Red Army and the Soviet Area, and promoted the development of the anti Japanese national united front and the national anti Japanese and national salvation movement.In August, the main force of the first front army of the Red Army moved southward from Yuwangbao area to Jingning and Huining areas at the border of Gansu and Ningxia provinces, and took over the second and fourth front armies of the Red Army moving northward from Ganzi area.In October, the Red First, Red Second and Red Fourth Front Armies successfully joined forces.So far, all the main forces of the Red Army have successfully ended the world-famous Long March.In late November, the First Front Army of the Red Army, the Second Front Army of the Red Army and the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army fought together to win the Shanbao Battle, forcing the Kuomintang army to stop attacking the Shaanxi Gansu Soviet Area.In December, the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident paved the way for the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to cooperate again and unite against Japan.In July 1937, the Anti Japanese War broke out in an all-round way.According to the agreement reached between the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army in August.The First Red Front Army and the 74th Division of the Red Army in southern Shaanxi were reorganized into the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army.[1]
historical significance
Announce
edit
The First Front Army of the Red Army was an earlier revolutionary armed force established under the direct leadership of Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, etc. Its combat footprints covered 15 provinces and regions including Hunan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, and Shanxi.In the bloody battle, he wiped out a large number of Kuomintang troops, created a set of effective strategic tactics and operational principles, summarized and accumulated extremely rich and valuable experience in building and fighting the army, created a large number of senior military and political cadres, and made significant contributions to the cause of the Chinese revolution.[1]
