synonymXinglong Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(Xinglong Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) generally refers to Xinglong Observation Base of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xinglong Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, located at the south foot of Wuling Mountain, the main peak of Yanshan Mountain in Xinglong County, Hebei Province, north of the Great Wall, with an altitude of 960 meters, the geographical coordinates are 117 degrees 34.5 minutes east longitude and 40 degrees 23 minutes 36 seconds north latitude.The base is subordinate to the Optical Open Laboratory of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is the optical astronomical observation base for stars and galaxies of the National Astronomical ObservatoryLarge sky area multi-target optical fiber spectroscopic telescope(LAMOST), 2.16m optical telescope, 1.26m infrared telescope, 60/90cm Schmidt telescope, 85cm reflecting telescope, 80cm reflecting telescope, 60cm reflecting telescope.It is located in a deep mountain area with good astronomical tranquility and atmospheric transparency. There are 240 to 260 spectral observation nights and 100 to 120 photometric observation nights every year. The 2.16m and 1.26m telescopes and their ancillary equipment belonging to the Joint Open Laboratory of Optics and Astronomy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are open to astronomers at home and abroad. Astronomers have the right to use the telescope after application and approval.
Historical evolution
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Lianying Stronghold is located deep in the East Yanshan Mountain of Xinglong County, Hebei Province. It is said that it is one of the bases of Douerdun, a folk hero of the Anti Qing Dynasty. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China,Chinese Beijing Astronomical Observatory The old generation of astronomers headed by Mr. Cheng Maolan, the founder of the National Astronomical Observatory (the predecessor of the National Astronomical Observatory), spared no pains to set foot in the Taihang Mountains and Yanshan Mountains, and traveled more than 20000 miles. Finally, they chose to set up an astronomical observation base here.
In June 1963, the Preparatory Office of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory initially selected two candidate sites, Lianyingzhai and Luanping, in Xinglong County, Hebei Province, and began comparative observation, laying the foundation for the final determination of the site of Xinglong Station;In that year, it was imported from Democratic GermanyDouble cylinder astrographandSchmidt telescope, first installed in Shahe Station, and then successfully installed in Xinglong Station in June 1964.
In 1964, the Beijing Astronomical Observatory selected Lianyingzhai, Xinglong County, Hebei Province, as the site of the optical astrophysical observation station. In September, the Hebei Provincial Planning Commission approved the site planning of Xinglong Station, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences approved the infrastructure construction of Xinglong StationDesign specification。
In March 1965, the Chinese Academy of Sciences approved the construction task statement for Xinglong.
On August 1, 1968, Xinglong Astrophysics Workstation of Beijing Astronomical Observatory was completed.
On March 15, 1974, the Chinese Academy of Sciences issued the "Design Specification for the 2-meter Reflective Telescope", and the 2.16-meter telescope officially began its specific design and test work.
November 13, 1989, 2.16mOptical telescopeThe inauguration ceremony was held at Xinglong Observatory of Beijing Astronomical Observatory.
On January 10, 1995, Xinglong Observatory found a quasar brighter than 200 billion suns.
On November 30, 1996, another supernova was found at NGC664 at Xinglong Station.
Observation base: 2.16m telescope and other small telescopes are open to domestic and international astronomical circles (about 60 papers are published every year, including about 20 SCI papers);
Technical base: give full play to the advantages of astronomical high technology and actively undertake national tasks;
Science popularization base: it is free to undertake observation practice education for universities and graduate students majoring in astronomy, and science popularization education for primary and secondary students.
Living conditions
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Xinglong base is equipped with guest house, guest room and canteen, observation room is equipped with microwave oven and other simple cookware, and control room is equipped with broadband Internet communication facilities and live telephoneIC CardContact with domestic and foreign countries. The sports room is equipped with table tennis tables, fitness equipment, billiards and other fitness and entertainment equipment.The 2.16m telescope and 1.26m telescope control room are equipped with audio.
Astronomical instrument
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Large sky area multi-target optical fiber spectroscopic telescope
LAMOST
LAMOST is the active reflection of a Zhongxing ceremony lying in the north-south direction with a field of view of 5 degreesSchmidt telescopeIts optical system includes three parts: 5.72m × 4.4m reflective Schmidt corrector MA (spliced by 24 hexagonal plane sub mirrors), 6.67m × 6.05m spherical primary mirror MB (spliced by 37 spherical sub mirrors) and focal plane.In the process of observing celestial bodies, MA can change into the required aspherical surface shape in real time with the change of time.The equivalent circular aperture varying with the observation sky is 3.6-4.9m. There are 4000 optical fibers that can be automatically located on the focal plane, connected to 16 spectrometers, and can simultaneously observe the spectra of up to 4000 celestial bodies, making it the telescope with the highest spectral acquisition rate in the world.
2.16m astronomical optical telescope
2.16m astronomical optical telescope
The 2.16m astronomical optical telescope is one of the most important astrophysical observation equipment in China at present. It was independently designed and built in China. It was officially completed in Xinglong Base in 1989. The units participating in the development include Nanjing Astronomical Instrument Factory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Astronomical Observatory and the Institute of Automation.2.16 The effective aperture of the telescope is 2.16 meters. It has Cassegrain focus and folding axis focus. It is very convenient to switch between the two focuses, which only takes one minute. This is an innovation in the world.The 216 telescope is equipped with BFOSC dark celestial camera spectrometer, Cassegrain low dispersion spectrometer and multi-channelHigh speed photometerAnd the folding axis high dispersion spectrometer, which can carry out observation and research on a variety of astronomical topics, is a universal astronomical telescope with complete functions.
Honorary title
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On January 30, 2022, the Xinglong Observation Base of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences wasGeneral Office of China Association for Science and TechnologyIt will be listed in the first batch of recognized national science popularization education bases from 2021-2025.[1]
