The National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is mainly engaged in astronomical observation and theory as well as astronomical high-tech research, and is responsible for coordinating the development layout of China's astronomical disciplines, the operation of large and medium-sized observation equipment, and undertaking the construction projects of national large science projects. It is also responsible for the macro coordination of scientific research, optimizing the allocation of resources and talents;Key research fields include:Large scale structure of the universe, galaxy formation and evolution, celestial energy and excitation processStar formationAnd evolution, solar magnetic activity and solar terrestrial space environmentAstrogeodynamics, solar system objects andArtificial celestial bodyDynamicsSpace astronomical observationMeans andSpace explorationNew astronomical technologies and methods.
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had 1268 in-service staff (1203 scientific and technological personnel, 399 scientific and technological support personnel);There are 7 key laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;There are 495 graduate students (265 master students, 230 doctoral students) and 58 post doctors in the station.[1]On May 16, 2019, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced thatChang'e-4The exploration data prove that there are deep materials mainly olivine and low calcium pyroxene in the Antarctic Aitken basin on the back of the moon. The international academic journal Nature published this important discovery online.[2]
Chinese name
National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Foreign name
The National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Academy of SciencesThe pilot work of the Knowledge Innovation Project started in 1998.According to the deployment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system and build a national knowledge innovation base, with the efforts of the astronomical community, the astronomical base was included in one of the first batch of knowledge innovation bases to be launched.At that time, the layout of Chinese astronomical research was concentrated in five stations, three stations and one center under the Academy, of which the "five stations" were:Beijing Astronomical Observatory、Shanghai Observatory、Purple mountain observatory、Yunnan ObservatoryandShaanxi Astronomy Observatory；The "three stations" are: Urumqi Station, Changchun Satellite Observation Station and Guangzhou Satellite Observation Station;The "One Center" is the Nanjing Astronomical Instrument Center.
On April 16, 1999, the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to approve the establishment of the "National Astronomical Observation Center" on the basis of five stations, three stations and one center under the CAS.
The positioning of the National Astronomical Observation Center is to coordinate the layout of the development of the astronomy discipline of the Academy of Sciences, the operation of large and medium-sized observation instruments and equipment, and the establishment and implementation of future large-scale scientific engineering projects;Establish an astronomical research network, and the Astronomical Observation Center is responsible for the macro coordination and guidance of scientific research. The research work is still managed and implemented in various observatories and centers jointly established with universities;The National Astronomical Observatory and several astronomical research institutions will be established at the end of 2000 with the approval of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China to form a new astronomical research system of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
On April 23, 1999, the National Astronomical Observation Center (with the Beijing Astronomical Observatory as its headquarters) held its inaugural meeting and inauguration ceremony;On May 19,Ai GuoxiangHe was appointed Director of the National Astronomical Observation Center,Wang Jingxiu, Wang Yi, Yang FuminYan JunAnd Luo Guoquan were appointed as deputy directors.
The National Astronomical Observation Center has establishedLarge scale structure of the universeIn the nine major research fields, we mainly supported five observation bases including Xinglong and 28 innovation research groups, organized the public recruitment and appointment of the first batch of chief researchers and researchers of the National Astronomical Observation Center, launched the annual selection of "Ten Major Advances in Astronomy, Science and Technology" in China's astronomy field, and formed necessary rules and regulations that are more conducive to scientific innovation.So far, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has taken shape.[1][3]
On 27 March 2001,Office of the Central Organs Establishment CommitteeApprovedChinese Academy of SciencesRequest for Instructions on Establishing the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, agreed to withdrawChinese Beijing Astronomical Observatory , established the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics Technology、Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi Astronomical StationChangchun Satellite ObservatoryIncorporated into the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the total number of career establishments was reduced from 1002 to 957;At the same time, the Shaanxi Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was approved to be renamed asNational Time Service Center of Chinese Academy of SciencesThe staffing of 721 people will remain unchanged.The layout of the Astronomical Innovation Base of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was initially completed.
On April 21, 2001, the Chinese Academy of Sciences officially approved the establishment of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stipulating that the National Astronomical Observatory is a public institution directly under the Academy with independent legal personality, which is at the same level as the research institute.
After the establishment of the National Astronomical Observatory, the former Beijing Astronomical Observatory was incorporated into the National Astronomical Observatory, and its legal personality was revoked;Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, Urumqi Astronomical Station and Changchun Satellite Observatory were integrated into the National Astronomical Observatory, no longer listed as a public institution directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, but became a subordinate institution of the National Astronomical Observatory, retaining the original level and legal personality;The Nanjing Astronomical Instrument Research Center has been transformed into a scientific and technological enterprise, in which the Astronomical Optics Technology Laboratory has been transformed into the Nanjing Astronomical Optics Technology Research Institute, and has also become a subordinate institution of the National Astronomical ObservatoryLegal personality；Withdraw Guangzhou Satellite Observatory and transfer its 70 staffGuangzhou Energy Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences；Zijinshan Observatory andShanghai ObservatoryAs it has a long history of undertaking China's major national scientific and technological projects and topics, and has great influence in the world, it continues to retain the legal personality of institutions directly under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its main discipline direction, operation of large equipment, and construction of observation bases are coordinated and guided by the National Astronomical Observatory.[1][3]
Scientific research conditions
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staff establishing
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had 1268 in-service staff, including 1203 scientific and technological personnel, 399 scientific and technological support personnel (175 researchers and senior engineers and technicians, 309 associate researchers and senior engineers and technicians), includingAcademician of CAS7 peopleAcademician of the Academy of Sciences of Developing Countries1 person(The data of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of Developing Countries and the Chinese Academy of Engineering were all displayed on the official website of the Institute in March 2016[4]）92 "Light of the West" talents were selected;National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars14 winners.[1]
List of winners of National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (incomplete):Wu Xiangping, Zhao GangHan Jinlin、Yan Yihua、Chen XueleiZhang Jun, Zhang Mei, Wu Hong, Zhang Hongqi[5]
Scientific research department
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had established seven key laboratories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, established strategic cooperation relationships with more than 20 universities, scientific research institutions or high-tech enterprises, and established joint research centers or laboratories;There are observation stations in Xinglong, Miyun and other places in Hebei Province, China.The South American Astronomical Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the General Department of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration rely on the National Astronomical Observatory.[1]
Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences: Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, CAS, Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, CAS, Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, CAS, Key Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, CAS, Key Laboratory of Computational Astrophysics, CAS, Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics Technology, CASKey Laboratory of Celestial Structure and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences[1]
Specific distribution locations of observation stations:Hebei Xinglong, Miyun, Huairou, Kunming Fenghuang Mountain, Lijiang Gaomei Valley, Chengjiang Fuxian Lake, Xinjiang Nanshan, Xinjiang Qitai, Xinjiang Kashi, Xinjiang Urastai, Tibet Ali, Tibet Yangbajing, Inner Mongolia Mingantu, Jilin Jingyuetan[6]
Facility resources
Collection resources
The Library of the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is located on the first floor of Block A of the headquarters of the National Astronomical Observatory, and is connected with the Astronomical Science Popularization Hall. It is a library with astronomy as the theme, serving astronomical research and teaching, and rich in literature.According to the information displayed on the official website of the National Astronomical Observatory in March 2016, the library has 6957 books related to astrophysics and 2795 (bound) periodicals related to astrophysics.The library also has a special digital library to provide digital literature for scientific researchers.The library reading room is equipped with wired and wireless networks, computer information points and document scanning and printing equipment for readers to consult and obtain documents.[7]
Observation equipment
LAMOST
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was responsible for the operation of the National Major Scientific Device -Guo Shoujing Telescope(Large sky area multi-target optical fiber spectrum telescope, LAMOST),He is responsible for organizing and implementing the construction of the 500m spherical coronal active reflector radio telescope (FAST), a national major scientific project, in Dawodang, Guizhou Province, and has a batch of medium caliber astronomical observation equipment such as 2.16m optical telescope, 2.4m optical telescope, 50m radio telescope, 40m radio telescope, 25m radio telescope, and 1m solar tower.[1]
Cooperation and exchange
international co-operation
2001 National Astronomical Observatory and Max Planck, GermanyradioSino German radio astronomy partner research group established by the Institute of Astronomy;And the United StatesGreat Bear LakeSolar Observatory, Max Planck Institute of Solar System, GermanyRussian Academy of SciencesLong term cooperative research projects in solar physics, such as several research units and the French Mexican Winter Observatory;2005 vsEuropean Space AgencyOf“herschel spaceInfrared observatory”SPIRE load instrument signed a memorandum of understanding and became an official partner;In 2005, it signed a comprehensive cooperation agreement with the Paris Observatory of France;In 2005, with the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Korean Institute of Astronomy and Space Sciences, TaiwanAcademia SinicaEstablishment“East AsiaCore Astronomical Observatory Alliance ";In 2006, the satellite laser rangefinder, a cooperation project between the National Astronomical Observatory and the Astronomical Observatory of SanJuan University in Argentina, was officially put into operation in Argentina;In 2006, China and France signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Implementation of SVOM Tasks, presided over by the National Astronomical ObservatoryPayloadScientific demonstration, and will undertake the construction task of ground science application system;2007 vsFrench National Research Center（CNRS）Initialed "China France"The origin of the universeJoint laboratory "agreement;In 2007, it participated in the Sino Russian joint Mars exploration plan, and the National Astronomical Observatory mainly undertook the task and participation of the ground receiving systemVLBIOrbit measurement task;Sino Russian space cooperation project "World Space Ultraviolet Observatory (WSO-UV)", etc;2008 and the United StatesNational Radio ObservatoryAnd signed a comprehensive cooperation agreement on radio astronomy between China and the United States.[8]
academic exchange
The National Astronomical Observatory has signed more than 20 cooperation agreements with many astronomical research institutions in Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea, and has established close cooperation relations. There are regular exchange visits of personnel, and various international academic conferences have been jointly held.In 2004, the National Astronomical Observatory was recognized as the joint venture between the Chinese Academy of Sciences andThird World Academy of SciencesScholarship scholar training base.From 2001 to 2007, the headquarters of the National Astronomical Observatory went abroad to participate in academic conferences and visit cooperation with a total of 1364 people, and received 1137 visiting foreign scientists.[8]
Scientific research achievements
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research findings
In 2013, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had a total of 803 projects under research (including 239 new projects), including 16 major national science and technology projects (1 new project), one major research equipment development project of the Ministry of Finance, three national key basic research development programs (973 Program) and national major scientific research programsUndertake (or participate in) 24 projects (9 new projects), preside over (or assume) 25 projects (9 new projects) of the National High tech Research and Development Program (863 Program), and preside over (or participate in) 2 special projects (1 new project) of national basic science and technology work;He presided over 2 international cooperation projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology, presided over (or undertook) 1 major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (1 new project), presided over (participated in) 5 major project topics (3 new projects), 16 key projects (5 new projects), 4 projects of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (1 new project), and 1 innovation group research project114 general projects (36 new projects), 19 joint fund projects (4 new projects), 142 youth science fund projects (53 new projects), presided over 1 Class B special project of CAS strategic leading science and technology (1 new project, including 2 projects and 12 topics), presided over (or undertook) 2 Class A special projects of CAS strategic leading science and technology (1 new project),Preside over (or undertake) 26 key deployment projects (important direction projects of the original Institute's knowledge innovation project)/topics (4 new projects), 1 institute level scientific research equipment development project, 3 institute level international cooperation projects (1 new project), and 35 institute local cooperation projects (9 new projects);A total of 642 academic papers (including conference papers) and 2 published works were published throughout the year. 44 patents were accepted and 33 patents were authorized.[9]
In 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory had 1047 research projects in total (including 371 new projects), including 13 major national science and technology projects (1 new project), presided over (or assumed) the National Key Basic Research Development Program (973 Program), 3 major national scientific research projects (1 new project), and 17 projects (4 new projects)20 national high-tech research and development plan (863 plan) projects (including military) (9 new projects), 1 national science and technology basic work special project (1 new project), 2 international cooperation projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology (1 new project), 1 major project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (0 new projects)4 major projects (1 new project), 8 key projects (2 new projects), 6 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2681 new projects), 1 innovation group research project, 111 general projects (32 new projects), 17 joint fund projects (6 new projects), 179 youth science fund projects (61 new projects),Presided over 1 Class B special project of CAS strategic leading science and technology (0 new projects, including 2 projects and 12 projects), 14 Class A special projects of CAS strategic leading science and technology (1 new project), 19 key deployment projects of CAS (5 new projects), (Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Finance and CAS)Two major instrument development projects (one new project), one institute level scientific research equipment development project, four institute level international cooperation projects (one new project), 39 institute level local cooperation projects (four new projects), 774 academic papers (including conference papers) and 6 publications were published by the National Astronomical Observatory throughout the year, 78 new patents were accepted and 32 patents were authorized.[10]
On May 16, 2019, more than four months after Chang'e-4 fell on the moon, the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the research team led by researcher Li Chunlai of the observatory used the Chang'e-4 exploration data to prove that there were deep substances mainly olivine and low calcium pyroxene in the Antarctic Aitken basin on the back of the moon - but before that, people were not sure what was in the deep of the moon.The international academic journal Nature published this important discovery online.This discovery provides direct evidence for answering the questions about the composition of the lunar mantle material that have puzzled scholars at home and abroad for a long time, and will provide support for improving the model of the formation and evolution of the moon.[2]
In August 2022,At the Second China Space Science Conference, researchers from the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences released the first batch of wide field X-ray images and energy spectra of celestial bodies observed by EP-WXT pathfinders.This is the first internationally obtained and publicly released wide field X-ray focusing imaging sky map.[18]
In October 2022,The National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used the Chinese Celestial Eye FAST to make imaging observations, and found a huge atomic gas system with a scale of about two million light-years, that is, a large amount of diffuse hydrogen atomic gas, in the dense galaxy cluster - "Stephen Quintuple Galaxy" and the surrounding sky region.This is the largest atomic gas system ever detected in the universe.This achievement was published in the international academic journal Nature at 23:00 on October 19, 2022 Beijing time.[19]
In October 2022, the research team led by Li Chunlai and Liu Jianjun, researchers of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proved that the spectral characteristics of Chang'e-5 lunar soil were mainly caused by its rich iron rich and high calcium pyroxene, rather than the olivine enrichment inferred from previous remote sensing.Relevant research results were published online in the journal Nature Communication.[20]
Awards of some achievements
Award time
Award category
Name of award
Completed by (main participants)
2008
Second Prize of National Natural Science Award
Exploring the chemical evolution of the Milky Way through stellar abundance
Zhao Gang, Chen Yuqin, Zhang Huawei, Shi Jianrong, Liang Yanchun
2008
Third Prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award
Data receiving system for lunar exploration project
Zhang Hongbo (1)
2008
First Prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Progress Award
Very Long Baseline Interferometry Applied to the Precise Orbit Measurement of Chang'e-1 Lunar Exploration Satellite
Zhang Hongbo (10)
2008
Grand Prize for National Defense Science and Technology Progress
Lunar exploration project
Ouyang Ziyuan (4), Li Chunlai (9), Zou Yongliao (23)
2009
Special Prize for National Science and Technology Progress
Lunar exploration project
Ouyang Ziyuan (4), Li Chunlai (9), Zou Yongliao (23), Zhang Hongbo (42)
2009
Second Prize of National Natural Science Award
Study on Structure and Evolution of Solar Magnetic Field
Wang Jingxiu
2010
Third Prize of Beijing Science and Technology Award
Multiband observational properties of neighboring galaxies
Wu Hong, Xia Xiaoyang, Shao Zhengyi, Cao Chen, Hao Caina, Deng Zugan
2010
Third Prize of Beijing Science and Technology Award
Research on magnetic field in solar active region
Zhang Hongqi, Bao Shudong, Liu Yu, Wang Haimin
2010
Third Prize of Beijing Science and Technology Award
China's first overseas high-precision satellite laser ranging station was successfully established
Han Yanben, Wang Tanqiang, Liu Weidong, Qu Feng, Deng Jian, Yin Zhiqiang
2010
Third Prize of National Defense Technology Invention Award
Method and Technology of Transponder Satellite Orbit Measurement and Determination
Shi Huli (2)
2010
Second Prize of Satellite Navigation and Positioning Science and Technology Progress Award of China Association of Global Positioning System Technology Applications
Orbit determination method and technology of repeater navigation satellite
Shi Huli (2), Ai Guoxiang (3)
2011
Ten major advances in Chinese science
Ring top X-ray source and reconnection jet of solar flare successfully simulated by high power laser
Zhong Jiayong (1), Wang Feilu (11), Zhao Gang (15)
2011
Grand Prize for National Defense Science and Technology Progress
Chang'e-2 Project
Yan Jun (4), Li Chunlai (9), Liu Xiaoqun (10)
2012
Special Prize for National Science and Technology Progress
Chang'e-2 Project
Yan Jun (4), Li Chunlai (9), Liu Xiaoqun (10), Liu Jianjun (36), Liu Jianzhong (50)
2012
Top Ten Science and Technology Progress News in China
"Chang'e-2" 7-meter resolution full moon image released
——
2012
Third Prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award
Geostationary orbit large array staring camera technology
Jiang Aimin (3)
2013
Third Prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award
Design, Integration and Implementation of Satellite Laser Ranging System at SanJuan Station in Argentina
Liu Weidong (2), Han Yanben (6)
2013
First Prize of Science and Technology Award of China Communications Society
Key Technologies and Applications of High Precision Location Service Based on Mobile Communication Broadcasting Network
Shi Huli (5)
2013
China Industry University Research Cooperation Innovation and Promotion Award Innovation Achievement Award
Indoor and outdoor seamless location service platform and application of satellite earth integration
Shi Huli (4)
Source:[11]
Academic journals
The National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has founded the international core English academic journal Research Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA) with independent intellectual property rights, as well as the Chinese core journals National Astronomical Observatory, Astronomical Research and Technology and the modern popular science journal China National Astronomy.[1]
Research Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA) won the "Top 100 Newspapers" award issued by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television in 2013.[12]
Science popularization
The National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, taking advantage of the original professional astronomical facilities and astronomical instruments and equipment, built the astronomical observation area of Shahe Station into a national astronomical science popularization education base and opened it to the outside world. In 2002, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee, the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences named the base "National Youth Science and Technology Education Base". In 2003, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth LeagueThe National Youth Federation and other units jointly named“China Youth Science and Technology Innovation ActionEducation Base, Beijing in 2004Haidian DistrictandChaoyang DistrictThe government named it "Astronomical Science Popularization Base".
personnel training
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Discipline construction
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had set up a mobile post doctoral station and a first-class disciplineAcademic degreePhD candidateTraining point, a first-class academic disciplineMasterCultivation points, twofull-timeProfessional degreeMaster training center.[1]
By the end of 2014, the National Astronomical Observatory (Headquarters) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had 495 postgraduate students (265 postgraduates, 230 doctoral students) and 58 postdoctoral students.[1]
From 2001 to 2009, there were 177 graduate students at the National Astronomical Observatory, including 99 doctoral students and 78 master students.Many of the postgraduates have won various provincial and ministerial scholarships, including 2 special awards of the Dean's Scholarship of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8 excellent awards of the Dean's Scholarship, 7 named scholarships of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 2 doctoral theses selected into the national hundred outstanding doctoral theses.In 2004, the National Astronomical Observatory ranked first in the national astronomy discipline in the overall level assessment of the discipline organized by the Degree and Graduate Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education.The doctor trained by the station in 2006 won the COSPAR "Outstanding Thesis Award for Young Scholars".[13]
Cultural tradition
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Image logo
Taiwan emblem
The emblem of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
The emblem of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences consists of the outer arc of the image of the observatory and the English abbreviation of the National Astronomical Observatory "NAOC".[14]
Cultural Activity
The National Astronomical Observatory Trade Union of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has set up the National Astronomical Observatory Trade Union Football Association, the Graduate Department has set up the Graduate Association and other associations, which will regularly hold staff sports meetings, football matches, chess and card games, radio gymnastics matches, calligraphy and painting exhibitions and other cultural and sports activities.
On May 21, 2015, in order to implement the Regulations on National Fitness for All, carry out national fitness activities in depth, and create an atmosphere of "healthy life and happy work", the National Astronomical Observatory Trade Union held the ninth set of broadcast gymnastics competition in the basketball court of the park. A total of more than 120 people participated in the competition from 8 participating teams from 8 branch trade unions of the whole station.[15]
The first director of the National Astronomical Observatory:Ai Guoxiang[17]
The second director of the National Astronomical Observatory:Yan Jun[23]
Honors won
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On December 4, 2023, the Chinese Celestial Eye Engineering Team of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was selected as the target of the National Outstanding Engineer Team.[24]
In December 2023, the Cold Lake Base Team of the National Astronomical Observatory was awarded the "Annual Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences" in 2023.[26]
In January 2024, the Chinese Celestial Eye Engineering Team of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences was selected into the list of national outstanding engineers.[27]
