synonymChinese Milu Park(China Milu Park) generally refers to Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve
Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve is located inYellow SeaZhibin has a total area of 78000 hectares, including 2668 hectares of core area, 2220 hectares of buffer area and 73112 hectares of experimental area.
Jiangsu Dafeng Elk National Nature Reserve is the world's largest elk nature reserve with the largest wild elk population and the world's largest elk gene bank.
The Reserve has received nearly 1 million tourists from more than 40 countries, including 380000 domestic and foreign teenagers, accounting for 40% of the total number of tourists. It has played a huge role in carrying out popular science education on wildlife protection and improving the environmental awareness of the public.
On November 30, 2023, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration announced the List of Important Habitats for Terrestrial Wildlife (the first batch), which is an important habitat for Milu deer in Dafeng, Jiangsuenterchoose。[11]
Elk, white crane, white naped crane, red crowned crane, white headed crane, black stork, oriental white stork, black faced spoonbill, black eagle, white tailed sea eagle, etc
Dafeng Elk Nature Reserve, named Ya'ertang, is located in the forest farm at the southeast corner of Dafeng, covering an area of 15000 mu. There are forest land, grassland, marshland and natural water surface in the area.It is located in the southeast of Dafeng District, Jiangsu Province, with geographical coordinates between 32 ° 56 ′ - 33 ° 36 ′ N and 120 ° 42 ′ - 120 ° 51 ′ E.[2]
TypicalCoastal wetlandThe main wetland types include tidal flats, seasonal rivers and some artificial wetlands, with a large number of woodlandsReed marsh, marshland, salt bare land and forest grassland.
Climatic characteristics
Haidian Autumn Morning
Dafeng District is a transitional zone between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone, suitable for the growth of thermophilic crops.The oceanic climate is characterized by slow temperature rise in spring, stable and slow temperature drop in autumn, late initial frost and long frost free period.The monsoon climate is affected by the continental monsoon cold air in winter, with more northwest wind, less rain, low temperature and frost;Influenced by the oceanic monsoon in summer, there is southeast wind, abundant precipitation and the rain is hot at the same time;Spring and autumn are in an alternate period, forming a dry, wet, warm and cold climate.The boundary between spring and summer, autumn and winter is not obvious.The temperature is warmer in winter, and it is rare to see the river blocked by snow and ice.The annual average temperature is 14.5 ℃, the frost free period is 299 days, the annual precipitation is 751.0mm, and the sunshine is 2325.4 hours.[3]
Class I national protected animalsElk、stork、The white tailed Eagle、Red-crowned crane；The second level includes 23 species such as river muntjac.There are more than 1000 milu deer reintroduced from Britain in the Reserve, which are rich in species and have significant ecological, social and economic values.[2]
There are more than 240 kinds of higher plants in the Reserve, mainly including gramineae, compositae, cyperaceae, leguminosae and chenopodiaceae.The vegetation includes halophytic meadow, saline marsh and aquatic vegetation.There are also plantations, artificial pastures and semi mature soil abandoned wasteland.[2]
The flora composition is complex, but the community development is young.Vegetation succession is rapid and habitat stability is poor.There are reeds, carexSuaeda salsa、Salicornia salinaEtc;In the north temperate zone, there are Ficus, Iris, Apocynum, etc;Pantropical distribution belongs to Bermudagrass;Zoysia in tropical Asia and tropical Oceania, Swertia in Mediterranean and Central Asia, Bromus in southern temperate zone and northern temperate zone, etc.There are no national protected plants.[2]
Historical evolution
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Zoning map of the reserve
In the 1960s, in Xintuan, Dalong, Sanwei, Liuzhuang and other places in Dafeng DistrictElkThe unearthed horn and elk bone (sub fossil), historical documents and unearthed cultural relics fully prove that Dafeng was once the hometown of elk.In the spring of 1984, the International Wildlife Fund and the Ministry of Forestry of China organized experts, scholars and technicians to investigate here and confirmed that it was suitable for the life of milu deer,[2]
With the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Forestry and Jiangsu Province jointly established the Milu Nature Reserve here. The Ministry of Forestry invested 1.2 million yuan and started construction in 1985.The protection is divided into three stocking circles, with the core circle covering an area of 45 mu, the middle circle covering an area of 1815 mu and the outer circle covering an area of 131.4 million mu, all surrounded by iron fences to gradually expand the activity circle of the milu deer group.Sand and gravel roads are paved in the reserve, with management studios and living rooms, and high-voltage power is connected for lighting and development in the reserve.[2]
Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve was founded in 1986 and was originally a part of Dafeng Forest Farm.
On the morning of August 13, 1986, 8 cases were repackaged from London, EnglandElk42 (13 males and 29 females) were airlifted to Guangzhou, transferred to Shanghai, and then transported to Dafeng Reserve for stocking.[2]
In 1995, Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve was listed in the "Man and Biosphere Nature Reserve Protection Network".
By the end of 1996, the area of the nature reserve had expanded to 2666 hectares, adding the third core area.
In 1997, Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve was upgraded to a national nature reserve.
In 2002, Dafeng Elk Nature Reserve was included in the List of Wetlands of International Importance.
In 2003, Dafeng Elk Nature Reserve was listed as a member of the East Asia Australia Bird Protection Network by Wetland International.
In 2006, Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve was identified as "National Demonstration Nature Reserve" by the State Forestry Administration.Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province is located in the coastal siltation zone, and the coastline of the Yellow Sea continues to extend to the sea.
On November 30, 2023, the State Forestry and Grassland Administration announced the List of Important Habitats for Terrestrial Wildlife (the first batch), which is an important habitat for Milu deer in Dafeng, Jiangsuenterchoose。[11]
In 1986, relying on 39 imported from BritainElk, Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea beach.After two years of "introduction and expansion" and ten years of "behavioral remodeling", the Reserve began to implement the third stage of the rescue project: "wild reintroduction" in 1998.53 milu deer were released four times in ten years. After ten years of hard exploration, the wild milu deer increased by 13.2% every year.118 wild populations have been formed.By September 2013, the total number of Dafeng milu deer had reached 2027.[4]
After years of tracking observation and monitoring, the wild behavior of milu deer has been constantly restored. They have strong recognition ability and awareness of nature protection in the wild. They have successfully delivered babies under completely natural conditions for three consecutive years, and all survived.The successful return of milu deer to nature and the basic realization of the construction goal of harmony between man and nature and the balance between social environment and ecological environment have become a milestone in the protection of milu deer in the world.[2]
Save the Milu
Dafeng Milu Nature Reserve, Jiangsu
Over the past 20 years, the number of milu deer in other countries has not changed significantly, while the number of Dafeng milu deer has increased 25 times, becoming the pioneer of the expansion of the world's milu deer population.Therefore, milu deer was withdrawn from the "Red Book" and listed as a rare species.This is another milestone in the process of elk protection.The wild elk successfully completed its second reproduction cycle in the South Yellow Sea Wetland, and great grandchildren have appeared in the wild elk population.After 10 years of exploration and research, the number of wild milu deer population in nature exceeded 100, basically out of the "dangerous period" of population development.[2]
From 2006 to 2008, the milu deer reserve conducted in-depth observation on the milu deer in the areas where the distribution of milu deer is relatively concentrated and scattered throughout the country, and found that milu deer inhabit in the forest on the mountain, a female milu deer sucks three young deer at the same time, and milu deer eat rice grass in large quantities.These three major discoveries are new breakthroughs in the study of milu deer in China, and have important practical significance in promoting the development of wildlife conservation in China and promoting research in related disciplines.[2]
Dafeng Nature Reserve has formed an ecological model of symbiosis of forest, grass, water, deer and birds and a complete milu deer ecosystem. Spartina alterniflora, once considered as a harmful alien species, has become a favorite food for milu deer and has been included in the biological cycle chain of the Nature Reserve.
The reserve is rich in biodiversity.There are 12 kinds of beasts, 27 kinds of amphibians and reptiles, 315 kinds of birds, 599 kinds of insects and 499 kinds of plants.amongRed-crowned crane, Black headed Gull, SwanThe white tailed EagleThe number of first and second class protected animals in more than 30 countries, such as Swertia davidiana and Swertia davidiana, has also increased year by year.The growth of bird species and number is particularly prominent. The natural ecological environment of the reserve has been continuously improved, and the efficiency of the Yellow Sea wetland has been fully demonstrated.[5-6]
In terms of economy, the Reserve has become an important scenic spot for beach tourism, with 300000 tourists every year. Tourism has also driven the development of catering, hotels, transportation and special products in surrounding villages and towns, and has become an important support for nearby farmers to become rich.The annual Dafeng Milu Festival has become an important stage to show Yancheng's ecological image and ecological protection achievements, and promote investment attraction. Each time, it has brought more than 1 billion yuan of negotiation results.[2][7]
ElkThe results of the research have filled the world gap.During the introduction and return of milu deer and the restoration of its wild population, the Reserve braved difficulties and explored the law of milu deer reproduction.The scientific researchers in the Reserve walked tens of thousands of kilometers in the wild, wrote more than 3000 observation diaries and collected more than 1.8 million words of relevant data.He published 65 research papers in professional journals at home and abroad, one of which was collected by the National Academy of Sciences.He wrote the world's first monograph on milu deer research, Research on Chinese Milu deer (400000 words, published by Jilin Science and Technology Press), a popular science book, Return of Divine Deer (150000 words, published by China Forestry Press), and a collection of scientific research papers, Protection and Research of Milu deer (500000 words).More than 60 scientific research achievements have been obtained, and 18 scientific research projects have been participated in and presided over, of which 5 projects have respectively won the ministerial, provincial and municipal science and technology progress awards.Four achievements, including "adaptation of milu deer to photoperiod" and "milu deer live antler taking", have filled the gap in the history of milu deer research in the world.[5-6]
The large-scale investigation project of wetland biodiversity in the South Yellow Sea of China was officially launched in August in the Elk Reserve, jointly conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Elk Reserve, and co chaired by Professor Jiang Zhigang, the chief scientist of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and researcher Ding Yuhua, a famous elk expert.
The survey focuses on Yancheng tidal flat wetland and extends south-north along the coastline of Yancheng City. It will comprehensively investigate the geology, landform, hydrology, vegetation, meteorology, living environment of wild animals, edible plants, bird resources and other conditions of the wetlands in the South Yellow Sea of China, providing valuable basis for local ecological construction, species protection, scientific research and rational utilization.[2]
Hold International Waterbird Census Technology Training Seminar
From November 19 to 22, 2007, the "2007 International Waterbird Census Technology Training Seminar", co sponsored by Wetland International China Office and Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve and co organized by Japan Jingtuanlian Nature Conservation Foundation, was held in the Milu Nature Reserve.From China Bird Banding Center, more than 10 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in ChinaWetland typeMore than 80 representatives from more than 40 institutions, such as conservation areas, wetland protection authorities and scientific research institutes, as well as more than 10 foreign experts from Wetland International, Spain and Australia, attended the seminar.
The theme of the meeting is to summarize the conservation of migratory waterbirds in the Asia Pacific region, discuss the conservation measures of waterbirds and their habitats, and further promote the conservation of migratory waterbirds in the Asia Pacific region.The meeting reviewed the implementation of the migratory waterfowl protection strategy and the work carried out by the China Waterbird Network, exchanged information and experience on waterfowl protection, and trained technicians for waterfowl census. The meeting also focused on discussing and clarifying the development direction of future waterfowl census activities.
Honor
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S/N
time
Honors won
year
month
one
1995
September
Won the title of "Man and Biosphere Protection Network" awarded by the National Human and Biosphere Conservation Commission
two
1996
February
Won the title of "Third Prize for Scientific and Technological Progress" awarded by the Ministry of Forestry of the People's Republic of China;
three
May
Won the title of "Northern Jiangsu Rare Animal Rescue Center" awarded by the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry and the Forestry Bureau
four
1998
October
Won the title of "Doctoral Postgraduate Experimental Base of Chinese Academy of Sciences" awarded by Chinese Academy of Sciences
five
December
The Reserve was awarded the title of "Second Prize of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Progress" by the Department of Agriculture and Forestry of Jiangsu Province
six
1999
December
"National Science Popularization Education Base" awarded by the Chinese Science Association
seven
December
Won the title of "Youth Civilization" awarded by Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League
eight
December
Won the "Third Prize for Technological Progress in Jiangsu Province" awarded by the Department of Agriculture and Forestry of Jiangsu Province
nine
2001
April
Won the title of "Jiangsu Environmental Education Base" awarded by Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Jiangsu Provincial Government
ten
May
Won the title of "Jiangsu Patriotic Education Base" awarded by Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Jiangsu Provincial Government
eleven
October
"National AA Tourist Attraction" awarded by the National Tourism Administration
twelve
2001
It has been listed as an "internationally important wetland" by the United Nations and is regarded as a permanent protected area
thirteen
2002
The title of "Advanced Unit of National Nature Reserves" awarded by the State Forestry Administration
fourteen
2005
February
"National AAA Tourist Attraction" awarded by the National Tourism Administration
fifteen
April
The title of "National Forestry Science Popularization Education Base" awarded by China Forestry Society
sixteen
May
The title of "China Biodiversity Conservation Demonstration Base" awarded by the China Biodiversity Conservation Foundation
seventeen
October
The title of "National Wildlife Science Popularization Education Base" awarded by China Wildlife Conservation Association
eighteen
2006
March
The title of "Youth Civilization" awarded by Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League
nineteen
June
The title of "Hometown of Milu in China" awarded by China Animal Society
twenty
November
Won the title of "National Advanced Wildlife Protection Unit" awarded by the China Animal Association
twenty-one
November
The title of "National Nature Reserve Demonstration Unit" awarded by the State Forestry Administration
twenty-two
2007
January
The title of "Advanced Unit of Green Jiangsu Construction" awarded by Jiangsu Provincial Forestry Bureau
twenty-three
February
Promoted to "National AAAA Scenic Spot" by National Tourism Administration
twenty-four
2008
October
It was rated as "Yangtze River Wetland Network Reserve Effective Management Demonstration Reserve" by WWF
twenty-five
December
Elk Reserve won the "Subaru Ecological Protection Advanced Collective Award"
twenty-six
2009
December
The project "Research on the Protection and Habitat Restoration Technology of Milu and Red crowned Cranes", which was cooperated by the Reserve and Nanjing Forestry University, won the "First Prize of the Third Liangxi Forestry Science and Technology Award"
twenty-seven
2010
June
Won the title of "National Environmental Protection Science Popularization Base" jointly awarded by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Science and Technology
twenty-eight
September
Won the "Advanced Collective of Yangtze River Wetland Conservation and Management" issued by the Wetland Conservation and Management Center of the State Forestry Administration and WWF
twenty-nine
Won the title of "Wetland Science Popularization Education Demonstration Area" awarded by Wetland International China Office
thirty
Won the title of "National Science Popularization Education Base" issued by China Association for Science and Technology
thirty-one
"Postdoctoral Workstation" approved by Jiangsu Provincial Human Resources and Social Security Department
thirty-two
2021
February 5th
It was named the fifth batch of national forest and grass science popularization bases by the Chinese Forestry Society, and the validity period is 2021~2024[10]
Scenic spots
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Fengshen Platform
Fengshen Platform
The Fengshen Platform was built according to the legend that Jiang Ziya built the platform and Fengshen Platform.At the beginning of the year, Emperor Tianzun ordered Jiang Ziya to go down the mountain to assist King Wu of Zhou, revitalize the country and destroy Zhou. Jiang Ziya travelled around on four elephants, and built a platform to seal the gods on the coast of the East China Sea, making the six gods return to their positions and win every battle.This Fengshen Platform is 39 meters high, symbolizing the 39 milu deer that returned to China that year.There is something special about this tower - there is no door on the fifth floor, because at the beginning of the establishment of our reserve, we wanted to build a water tower due to the serious shortage of water resources, but it seems that building a water tower in such a harmonious natural ecological landscape is somewhat nondescript, so we made such a bold idea to use the fifth floor as a reservoir.It not only solves the problem of water resources, but also facilitates tourists' sightseeing.
Deer Watching Terrace
Deer Watching Terrace
It was built in imitation of the Deer Watching Terrace in the southern suburbs of Beijing. This Deer Watching Terrace is designed to make it convenient for tourists to see deer.The steps of the Deer Watching Terrace are 39 floors and divided into three parts, symbolizing the three stages of the development of the Reserve: introduction and expansion, plastic behavior, and wild stocking.Here we can enjoy the royal treatment and see a group of leisurely milu deer.
Listen to Aopo
Listen to Aopo
This tombstone was built for milu deer, where 39 milu deer returned to China in 1986 are resting.They fulfilled their ancestors' long cherished wish to return home, took root and multiplied on the Yellow Sea beach, making the family of milu deer continue to burn incense. Today, 1169 milu deer in the reserve are their descendants.At the beginning, the youngest of them was 2 years old, and the longest was 7 years old. The theoretical life span of milu deer was 25 years, but the actual life span was 17-18 years. Now their life has come to a complete end.It can be called the largest monument that human beings have built for their companions, wild animals, who live together on the earth.In 1986, 39 milu deer got off the truck here and ran to the endless beach of the Yellow Sea with a few shouts.Therefore, here is another beautiful name called Tingaopo.
Stone Carving of Milu's Original Calligraphy
Stone Carving of Milu's Original Calligraphy
The world's longest calligraphy corridor with milu culture as the theme.The total length is 42 meters and the height is 3.9 meters. 39 pieces of black marble are inlaid on the ancient corridor.It means that the descendants of 39 milu deer are full of incense and long.The full text of the "Milu Chronicle" was written by Mr. Ma Lianyi, a well-known national scholar of milu culture, and drafted by Mr. Zhang Chongguang, a famous national calligrapher.It records the history of the royal family in the form of "history" in the Records of the Historian, and records the ups and downs of the history of the origin of the species of milu deer, coexistence with ancestors, thousands of groups, failure to form a group, living in the garden, wandering in a foreign land, desperate to survive, returning to their homeland, and population rejuvenation in classical Chinese.It combines calligraphy, stone carving, beautiful writing and history with high cultural appreciation value.
Biological Grand View Garden
The strange features of tropical rainforests, the vicissitudes of various landforms in the world, the mysterious and remote Butterfly Valley, and the strange appearance of the "kidney of the earth"... This place is the best place for science education for primary and secondary school students, which gathers specimens of various rare animals in the sea, land, and air, as well as relevant knowledge.
Free ticket information
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To pay tribute to the traitors, Yancheng Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Tourism issued a proposal to all medical workers in the country to visit the tourist attractions of the city free of tickets.
Preferential recipients: All medical workers in the country (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), with valid certificates (doctor's certificate, nurse's certificate or medical work related qualification certificate), go to the ticket offices of various tourist attractions in Yancheng City to apply for free admission.Medical workers can make an appointment with the scenic spot in advance for group visit.
Preferential treatment time: from the date when the epidemic situation ends and the scenic spots resume operation to December 31, 2020.[8]
