synonymDongguan County(Old County of Guangdong) generally refers to Dongguan City
Dongguan City, referred to as "Guan",Guangdong ProvinceJurisdictionPrefecture level city、Megacity[65], approved by the State CouncilZhujiang deltaThe central city on the east bank.[3]It is located in southern China, central and southern Guangdong ProvinceEast bank of Pearl River Estuary, connected to the northwestGuangzhou City, southShenzhen City, connected to the northeastHuizhou City, genusSubtropical monsoon climate, long summer without winter, abundant rainfall.As of October 2022, Dongguan has 4 streets and 28 towns under its jurisdiction[1]With a total area of 2542.67 square kilometers[62]By the end of 2022, Dongguan has a permanent population of 10.437 million, including 9.6281 million urban population, with an urbanization rate of 92.25%[106]。
Eastern Jin Dynasty, LiBao'an County。Tang, renamed Dongguan County.Song Dynasty, divided into Xiangshan Town, DongguanXiangshan County(Todayzhongshan ）。In the Ming Dynasty, Dongguan County guarded thousands of household offices and numbered households for 56 liXin'an County(TodayShenzhen City）[7]。In September 1985, Dongguan County was changed into Dongguan City (county level), still belonging to Huiyang District.In 1988, Dongguan was upgraded to a prefecture level city directly under theGuangdong Provincehave jurisdiction over[7]Is one of the four prefecture level cities without districts in China[2-3]。Dongguan is an important birthplace of Lingnan civilization and Guangfu culture, the beginning of modern Chinese history, an important anti Japanese base in South China, and a pioneer of reform and opening up. There are such national key cultural relics under protection as the ruins of Hougang Beiqiu, the ancient buildings of Nanshe Village and Tangwei Village, Dongguan Keyuan, the former site of Lin Zexu's Smoke Dispelling Pool and Humen Fort, and the former site of Daling Mountain Anti Japanese Base;There are national intangible cultural heritages such as Dongguan Qianjiao Lantern, Dragon Boat Making Technique, Dongguan Fragrance Making Technique, etc[146]；stillCantonese OperaIs one of the important birthplaces ofGuangdong operaHometown[4]。
In 2023, the GDP of Dongguan will be 1143.813 billion yuan, up 2.6% year on year.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.625 billion yuan, up 5.0% year on year;The added value of the secondary industry was 647.818 billion yuan, up 1.4% year on year;The added value of the tertiary industry was 492.371 billion yuan, up 4.1% year on year.[126]
It has suffered the most, turned the most violent body, carried out the most thorough reform, and also made the most long-term plan.Maybe in front of Dongguan today, there is a new narrow road.But the narrow road generates wind, and the rugged road will eventually become smooth.... Details
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Chinese name
Dongguan City
Foreign name
Dongguan
area number
four hundred and forty-one thousand and nine hundred
Dongguan is named because it is located in the east of Guangzhou and is rich in Guancao.[125]
Construction history
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Dongguan belonged to one hundred Guangdong provinces.
In the 33rd year of Qin Shihuang (214 BC), Dongguan belonged toNanhai CountyPanyu CountyLand.In the first year of the second year (209 BC), Dongguan belonged toSouth VietnamLand.
Western Han DynastyIn the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Dongguan belonged to Nanhai County, Panyu County in the southwest and Boluo County in the northeast.Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty divided Panyu into Zengcheng, and Dongguan belonged to Zengcheng.
Wu, Huang and Wuzhong in the Three Kingdoms, separate from ZengchengDongguan County。
JinDongguan County was abolished, and its land belonged to Panyu and Zengcheng respectively.[6]In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (331)Bao'an County, under Dongguan County.[7]
Southern DynastiesIn the sixth year of Liang Tianjian's reign (507), Dongguan County was changed to Dongguan County.In the second year of Chen Zhenming's reign (588), Dongguan County was renamed Dongguan County.
The Sui Dynasty abolished the Dongguan Prefecture, which was subordinate to Nanhai Prefecture.In the tenth year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign (590 years), Bao'an County was abandoned as a prefecture, and Bao'an County was subordinate to Guangzhou.
Tang DynastyIn the fourth year of Wude (621), it was set up as the Guangzhou General Administration Office, which belonged to Bao'an.[6]In the second year of Zhide (757), it was renamed Dongguan County.[7]In the first year of the Qianyuan era (758), Nanhai County returned to Guangzhou and Dongguan belonged to it.In the third year of Xiantong (862), Lingnan was divided into east and west roads, and Lingnan East Road was granted as the Qing naval envoy.At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Dongguan County was under the control of the Qing Navy.[6]
In the first year of Qianheng in the Five Dynasties (917), Guangzhou was the residence of Xingwang, and Dongguan belonged to it.
Song DynastyIn the fifth year of Kaibao (972), the Xingwang Mansion was changed into the Central Governor's Mansion of Guangzhou, and Dongguan County was abolishedZengcheng County, under the jurisdiction of the Central Governor's Office of Guangzhou.In six years, Dongguan County was restored.[6]In the 22nd year of Shaoxing (1152), it was established in Xiangshan Town, DongguanXiangshan County(Todayzhongshan ）。[7]
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a Guangzhou Road General Administration Office, which belonged to Dongguan.
brightIn the first year of Hongwu (1368), Guangzhou Mansion was established and Dongguan was subordinate to it.In the 14th year of Hongwu's reign (1381), a garrison office was set up in Dongguan.[6]In the first year of Wanli (1573), Dongguan County guarded thousands of households and organized households for 56 liXin'an County(TodayShenzhen City）。[7]
In the Qing Dynasty, along the Ming Dynasty, Dongguan County was still under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou Prefecture.
Republic of ChinaIn 1913, Dongguan County was subordinate to Yuehai Road, Guangdong Province.In the 14th year of the Republic of China, Dongguan County was subordinate to the central Guangdong administrative region.In the 21st year of the Republic of China, Dongguan County belonged to the Central Appeasement Office.In the 25th year of the Republic of China, Dongguan County was the first administrative supervision area.During the Anti Japanese War (1938-1945), Dongguan County was the fourth administrative supervision area.In the 34th year of the Republic of China, it also belonged to the first administrative supervision area.[6]
During the Republic of China, Dongguan County was successively under the jurisdiction of Yuehai Road, Central Guangdong Administrative Region, the First Administrative Region and the Fourth Administrative Region of Guangdong Province.
In October 1949, Dongguan County was liberated and under the jurisdiction of Dongjiang Administrative Region.
In March 1950, it belonged to the Pearl River Area.
In 1952, the Pearl River Special Area was abolished and became a central Guangdong administrative region.
In February 1956, the Central Guangdong Administrative Region was abolished, belonging to Huiyang District.
In November 1958, Dongguan County was temporarily subordinated to Guangzhou City.
In January 1959, it was assigned to Foshan District.
In June 1963, it returned to Huiyang District.
In September 1985, Dongguan County was changed into Dongguan City (county level), still belonging to Huiyang District.
In January 1988, Dongguan was upgraded to a prefecture level city directly under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province.[7]
administrative division
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Division evolution
In May 1950Huiyang CountyLi Village is under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County, and Guanlan Township, which formerly belonged to Dongguan County, is under the jurisdiction of Bao'an County.August, formerlyPanyu CountyFifteen villages, namely Kuncheng, Xiaoxiang, Dadongxiang, Xiaodongxiang and Dabu, are under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County.
In April 1953, Wanqingsha and Nansha were assigned to Zhuhai County (now Panyu).
In October 1959, Shangnan Township was assigned to Boluo County, and the new category of Dalang was assigned to Bao'an County.
In January 1986, nine districts including Zhangmutou, Dalang, Zhongtang, Liaobu, Houjie, Changping, Hengli, Chashan and Daojiao were removed from the district and expanded to the town.In February, three district offices in Guancheng Town, Huangcun District, Wanjiang District, and Fucheng District of Dongguan City were cancelled, and Guancheng District streetsWanjiang DistrictStreet and the streets in the urban area.In November, 18 districts including Shijie, Wangniudun, Gaobu, Dongkeng, Shipai, Qiushi, Qiaotou, Huangjiang, Xiegang, Tangxia, Qingxi, Fenggang, Dalingshan, Chang'an, Shatian, Machong, Hongmei and Xinwan were removed from the district and built into towns.
In October 1987, the streets in Guancheng District were cancelled, and five district streets were set in the city, outside the city, Huangcun, Wanjiang and Fucheng.[6]
In January 2000, the Fucheng Street was renamed Dongcheng Street.In November, Huangcun District was renamed Nancheng Street.
In November 2002, the street in Wanjiang District was renamed Wanjiang Street.In December, the preparatory group of the urban people's government was abolished and Guancheng Street was set up.[8]
The geological structure of Dongguan City belongs to Boluo fault and Dongguan fault depression basin at the southern edge of Luofushan fault zone.[7]
topographic features
Dongguan is high in the southeast and low in the northwest.The landform is mainly hilly tableland and alluvial plain. The hilly tableland accounts for 44.5% of the city's land area, the alluvial plain accounts for 43.3%, and the mountain area accounts for 6.2%.There are many mountains in the southeast, especially in the east. The mountains are huge, strongly divided, concentrated and undulating. The altitude is 200~600 meters, and the slope is about 30 °. The main peak of Yinpingzui Mountain is 898.2 meters high, which is the highest peak in Dongguan;The central and southern low mountains and hills form a hilly area;The northeast is close to the Dongjiang River shore, and the hillock is developed. The land and river valley plains are distributed, with an altitude of 30~80 meters, small slope, gentle terrain, and most of them are for the purpose of water accumulation. The northwest is the delta plain formed by the Dongjiang River alluvial, and most of them are low-lying, surrounded fields with vertical and horizontal water networks;The southwest is the river alluvial plain near the Pearl River Estuary. The terrain is flat and low, and it is Shaxiantian area greatly affected by the tide.[7]
climate
Dongguan City, belonging toSubtropical monsoon climate, long summer and no winter, sufficient light and heat, warm climate, small temperature variation, abundant rainfall, and obvious dry and wet seasons.In 2021, the total annual precipitation of Dongguan will be 1426.0mm, and the annual average temperature will be 24 ℃.The annual sunshine hours are 2052.9 hours, and the annual high temperature days (≥ 35 ℃) are 24 days.[7]
Dongguan is located in the lower reaches of the Dongjiang River, 96% of which belongs to the Dongjiang River basinShima River、Cold stream waterAnd Dongyin Canal, etc.The main stream of Dongjiang River flows into Qiaotou Town of Dongguan City from Huicheng District and Boluo County of Huizhou City, and then flows westward along the northern border to Shilong Town, Shilong Town, which is divided into the north main stream and the south branch.The main stream of the Dongjiang River is 35 kilometers long from Qiaotou Town to Shilongtou Town, Shilong Town, and the north main stream is 42 kilometers long from Shilongtou Town to Dashengkou, Machong Town, and flows into Shiziyang;The south tributary flows from Shilongtou to the southwest through the mouth of the gorge, to Sishengkou, Shatian Town, and into Shiziyang, with a length of 39.5km.Between the north main stream and the south tributary, the Dongjiang Delta sandbar with Shilong Town as the apex is formed, covering an area of 319.5 square kilometers.[7]
ocean
By 2021, the sea area of Dongguan City is mainly distributed in Shiziyang and Lingdingyang, with an area of 78.5 square kilometers and a coastline of 92.95 kilometers. It is distributed in Binhai Bay New Area, Machong Town, Shatian Town, Hongmei Town, Daojiao Town, Humen Town and Chang'an Town.yesWeiyuan Island, Nizhou Island, Mumianshan Island, Yongkousha Island and Xiazengpai Island, with an area of 24 square kilometers, of which Yongkousha Island and Xiazengpai Island are uninhabited islands.[7]
vegetation
Dongguan has a dense forest in history. The zonal forest vegetation type is the South Asian monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and its composition is diverse and tropical.Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is the most representative vegetation type in Dongguan, with the largest distribution area from south to north, showing the characteristics of transition from tropical to subtropicalFagaceae、Lauraceae、Theaceae、MyrtaceaeThe horizontal change of vegetation type is not significant.
From the perspective of community type, evergreen broad-leaved forest and lowland evergreen monsoon forest are mainly distributed from the east to the middle.The community is relatively rich in species and complex in structure. There areSlab root、Stem flower, epiphyte, strangulation and large woody vines.The species composition, structure and appearance characteristics of plant communities basically reflect the characteristics of zonal vegetation in the south subtropical region.[7]
natural resources
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water resource
In 2021, the total amount of water resources in Dongguan will be 1.49 billion cubic meters, 35.6% less than the multi-year average (2.314 billion cubic meters), including 1.45 billion cubic meters of surface water resources, 350 million cubic meters of groundwater resources, and 39 million cubic meters of groundwater and surface water without double counting.The storage capacity of eight medium-sized reservoirs was 112 million cubic meters, an increase of 34.658 million cubic meters over the previous year.The storage capacity of 111 small reservoirs was 81.5 million cubic meters, an increase of 7.45 million cubic meters over the previous year.[7]
land resource
By 2020, the total land survey area of Dongguan City is 246000 hectares.Among them, the wetland area is 249.77 hectares, the cultivated land area is 9117.82 hectares, the plantation land area is 25400 hectares, the forest land area is 37200 hectares, the grassland area is 7257.47 hectares, the urban and rural areas and industrial and mining land area is 121400 hectares, the transportation land area is 11600 hectares, the water area is 33100 hectares, and other land areas are 725.08 hectares.[7]
Biological resources
By 2021, there are 1667 species of wild vascular plants recorded in Dongguan, belonging to 797 genera and 204 families;1545 species of wild seed plants belong to 735 genera of 169 families.Among the wild vascular plants, 122 species of pteridophytes belong to 35 families and 62 genera;There are 6 species of gymnosperm, belonging to 5 families and 6 genera;There are 1539 species of angiosperms, belonging to 164 families and 730 genera.There are 12 families and 17 species of national key protected wild plants, all of which are national second-class protected plants, such asPinus kwangtungensis 、Agarwood、Suihua firEtc.
There are 41 species of reptiles belonging to 30 genera, 8 families, 2 orders, 1 species of freshwater turtles, and the other 40 species are squamata, including 1 species of iguana, 5 species of gecko family, and 5 species of skink family, with gecko family and skink family being the majority;There are 1 species of Anacondae, 22 species of Serpentidae, 5 species of Cobra, and 1 species of Viperaceae in the suborder Anacondae, with Serpentidae being the most common species;Among them, there is one national first-class protected animal, namely python;There are two kinds of national second-class protected animals, namely three line shell turtle and gecko, and one kind of extremely dangerous species listed in IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, namely three line closed turtle;There are three vulnerable species, namely python, Zhoushan cobra and king cobra. Five species belong to Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: three line turtle, python, mouse snake, Zhoushan cobra and king cobra.There are 18 species of amphibians, belonging to 13 genera, 7 families, 2 orders, including 1 species of Uromorpha salamander family, 2 species of Anura horntoad family, 1 species of Bufonidae, 3 species of Ranidae, 4 species of Ranidae, 1 species of Tree Frog family, and 6 species of Epinephridae.
151 species of birds, belonging to 13 orders and 41 families, accounting for 24.1% of the birds in the province, including 91 species of passeriformes, accounting for 60.3% of the total bird species investigated;The order of stork is followed by 10 species, accounting for 6.6% of the total bird species investigated;There are 11 orders and 50 species of other birds, accounting for 39.7%;The population with more than 1000 individuals includes tree sparrow, red eared bulbul, white headed bulbul and dark green hydrangea, which are widely distributed throughout the city.Among them, there are 11 species of national Class II key protected animals, including black eared kites, common buzzards, snake eagles, peregrine falcons, collarhorn osprey, etc;There is one species listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), namely peregrine falcon, and there are 11 species listed in Appendix I, including snake eagle, kestrel, common buzzard, thrush, red billed acacia, etc.
There are 30 species of mammals, belonging to 15 families of 6 orders, including Insectivora, Chiroptera, Lepidoptera, Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Rodentia. Among them, Insectivora includes 1 species of Muricidae, Chiroptera includes 2 species of Pteropodidae, 1 species of Chrysocephalidae, 1 species of Trophopodidae, 1 species of Longwinged Batidae, 4 species of Batidae, Lepidoptera includes 1 species of Cyprinidae, and Carnivora includes 3 species of Mustelidae, 2 species of Civet, and 1 species of Felidae,Artiodactyla includes 1 species of swine family, 1 species of deer family, Rodentia includes 2 species of squirrel family, 1 species of bamboo rat family, and 8 species of rat family.[7]
mineral resources
In Dongguan, there are few kinds of mineral resources, few mineral lands and a shortage of metal minerals;Among non-metallic minerals, granite for construction, salt mine and mirabilite are abundant;Mineral water is of good quality and has certain reserves.
By 2021, 24 kinds of minerals have been found, including 2 kinds of energy minerals, 8 kinds of metal minerals, 13 kinds of non-metallic minerals, and 1 kind of water and gas minerals. They are mainly distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas in the central, southern and eastern parts of Dongguan, and are scattered.There are 10 kinds of minerals in the identified resource reserves. By 2021, the minerals that meet the requirements of industrial exploitation include salt mine, mirabilite, natural alkali, mineral water, underground hot water, etc.Among them, the accumulated proven reserves of salt mines are 47.18 million tons, 3.29 million tons of mirabilite and 300000 tons of natural alkali;Mineral water is the main mineral resource, most of which are deep circulating confined structural fissure water, low sodium and low salinity heavy calcium carbonate metasilicate mineral water, with the allowable mining volume of 1342 m3/day;The production area of underground hot water is located in Tangxia Town, with the allowable mining volume of 1108 m3/day and the average water temperature of 34.1 ℃.The predicted resource of building stones is 19500 cubic meters.[7]
population
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According to the data of the seventh national population census at 0:00 on November 1, 2020, Dongguan has a permanent population of 10.46 million, including 9.51 million Han people and 950000 ethnic minority people.The minority population consists of 53 ethnic groups, mainly concentrated in 6 ethnic groups, such as Zhuang, Miao, Yao, with a total population of 813000, accounting for 85.1% of the city's minority population.Among the minority population, 37000 people have registered permanent residence, including 47 ethnic groups.
Dongguan is a scattered area of ethnic minorities, and no ethnic minorities have ever lived in Dongguan.Ethnic minorities are distributed in 33 towns and streets (parks) in the city, mainly migrant workers, with large population mobility, involving all walks of life, and their distribution is characterized by small settlements and large mixed settlements.Among them, Tangxia Town has the largest number of ethnic minorities with 89000 people, followed by Chang'an Town with 85000 people, and Fenggang, Humen, Houjie and other towns have more than 20000 ethnic minorities;The smallest minority population is Wangniudun Town and Guancheng Street, both less than 5000 people.
Foreign ethnic minority personnel come from all over the country, mainly from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, accounting for 45.3% of the foreign ethnic minority personnel;The second is Guizhou Province, accounting for 18.7% of foreign ethnic minority personnel;The third is Hunan Province and Yunnan Province, accounting for 14% and 8% of the foreign ethnic minority personnel respectively;Other provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government) account for 14% of the foreign ethnic minority population.[7]
By 2022, Dongguan has a registered population of 2.9245 million.The birth population is 30800, with a birth rate of 11.03 ‰;12600 people died, with a mortality rate of 4.50 ‰;The natural population growth rate is 6.53 ‰.There are 10.437 million permanent residents, including 9.6281 million urban permanent residents.The population urbanization rate is 92.25%.[106]
In November 2023, the total population of Dongguan urban area will reach 10.8244 million,Become a megacity.[65]
By the end of 2023, the city's registered population will be 3.0788 million.The annual birth population was 30600, with a birth rate of 10.5 ‰;There were 12400 deaths, with a mortality rate of 4.25 ‰;The natural population growth rate is 6.25 ‰.At the end of the year, the city's permanent population was 10.4853 million, an increase of 48300 over the end of the previous year, including 9.733 million urban permanent population.The population urbanization rate is 92.83%.[143]
Change of permanent population in Dongguan (2017~2022)
In 2022, Dongguan will achieve a regional GDP (preliminary accounting) of 1120.032 billion yuan, an increase of 0.6% over the previous year.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.65 billion yuan, up 0.3%, and its contribution to the growth of regional GDP was 0.2%;The added value of the secondary industry was 651.364 billion yuan, up 0.8%, contributing 77.4% to the growth of regional GDP;The added value of the tertiary industry was 465.018 billion yuan, up 0.3%, contributing 22.4% to the growth of regional GDP.The proportion of the three industries is 0.3:58.2:41.5.The per capita GDP was 106803 yuan (US $15879 at the annual average exchange rate), up 0.8%.
According to the unified accounting of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Statistics, Dongguan will achieve a regional GDP (preliminary accounting) of 1143.813 billion yuan in 2023, an increase of 2.6% over the previous year.Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 3.625 billion yuan, up 5.0%;The added value of the secondary industry was 647.818 billion yuan, up 1.4%;The added value of the tertiary industry was 492.371 billion yuan, up 4.1%.The proportion of the three industries is 0.3:56.6:43.1.The per capita GDP was 109339 yuan (US $15516 at the annual average exchange rate), up 2.8%.[126][143]
Change of Dongguan's GDP (2017~2022)
Reference source:[89][106][110-113]
In 2022, Dongguan's general public budget revenue will be 76.604 billion yuan, down 0.5%.Municipal general public budget expenditure was 86.358 billion yuan, down 1.2%;Among them, 8.951 billion yuan was spent on general public services, 11.214 billion yuan was spent on public security, 21.904 billion yuan was spent on education, and 5.642 billion yuan was spent on social security and employment.The total tax revenue of the whole city was 216.481 billion yuan, down 10.3%.
In 2022, the fixed asset investment in Dongguan will increase by 0.8% over the previous year.By registration type, domestic economic investment increased by 1.3%;Foreign economic investment dropped by 4.4%.From the perspective of industrial investment, investment is concentrated in the secondary and tertiary industries.Investment in the secondary industry increased by 5.5% over the previous year;Investment in the tertiary industry dropped by 2.2%.Infrastructure investment increased by 8.1%, accounting for 19.7% of fixed asset investment;Industrial investment increased by 5.6%, accounting for 41.0% of fixed asset investment.Investment in advanced manufacturing increased by 4.9%, accounting for 25.3% of fixed asset investment;Investment in high-tech industries (manufacturing) increased by 3.9%, accounting for 19.0% of fixed asset investment.[106]
primary industry
In 2022, the total output value of Dongguan's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery will be 5.55 billion yuan, an increase of 0.5% over the previous year.The agricultural output value was 4.071 billion yuan, down 0.8%, accounting for 73.4% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery;The forestry output value was 69 million yuan, an increase of 272.5%, accounting for 1.2% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery;The output value of animal husbandry was 118 million yuan, up 39.0%, accounting for 2.1%;The fishery output value was 1.124 billion yuan, up 0.6%, accounting for 20.3%;The output value of professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 168 million yuan, up 0.1%, accounting for 3.0%.The total planting area of crops throughout the year was 365700 mu, and the planting area of fruits was 204000 mu.The annual grain output was 10100 tons, up 5.9%;The vegetable output was 410900 tons, down 0.4%;The total output of aquatic products was 50100 tons, up 1.1%;16500 pigs were sold, up 22.6%;2.612 million poultry were sold, up 15.5%.[106]
the secondary industry
Dongguan has a strong manufacturing industry and a complete industrial system. It is one of the largest manufacturing bases in the world. The total output value of the manufacturing industry accounts for more than 90% of the total output value of industries above designated sizeelectricalMechanics、spinclothing、furniture、Toys, paper and paper products industry, food and beverage, chemical industry and other eight industries as the pillar of the modern industrial system.There are 45 global top 500 enterprises, more than 800 overseas listed companies, and investors from more than 20 countries and regions in the world.Among them, there are 1 global top 100 enterprise, 4 top 500 enterprises and 8 overseas listed companies.In March 2021, Dongguan smart mobile terminal cluster was included in the first batch of national advanced industrial clusters, and the intelligent equipment cluster of Dongguan Shenzhen Foshan Guangzhou joint venture was included in the second batch of national advanced industrial clusters[104]。
In 2022, the total industrial added value of Dongguan will increase by 0.6% over the previous year.The added value of industries above designated size decreased by 1.3%.Among them, state-owned holding enterprises increased by 3.1%, foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan decreased by 3.6%, and joint-stock enterprises increased by 0.1%.In terms of light and heavy industries, light industry declined by 3.1% and heavy industry by 0.4%.In terms of enterprise size, large enterprises decreased by 2.5%, medium-sized enterprises increased by 1.5%, and small and micro enterprises decreased by 1.8%.
In 2022, the added value of the five pillar industries of Dongguan's industries above designated size will decline by 1.1% over the previous year;The added value of the four characteristic industries of industry dropped by 2.2%.The added value of high-tech manufacturing industry in the whole year decreased by 0.4% over the previous year.Among them, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry grew by 11.3%, the aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing industry grew by 24.4%, the electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry declined by 3.7%, the computer and office equipment manufacturing industry grew by 19.0%, and the medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing industry grew by 0.2%.
In 2022, the added value of Dongguan's advanced manufacturing industry will decline by 3.3% over the previous year.Among them, high-end electronic information manufacturing industry declined 6.3%, advanced equipment manufacturing industry increased 3.5%, petrochemical industry declined 1.8%, advanced light textile manufacturing industry declined 4.6%, new material manufacturing industry declined 5.8%, and biomedical and high-performance medical equipment industry increased 5.8%.
In 2022, the added value of advantageous traditional industries in Dongguan will decline by 2.7% over the previous year.Among them, the textile and clothing industry decreased by 9.2%, the food and beverage industry increased by 1.3%, the furniture manufacturing industry decreased by 4.6%, the building materials industry decreased by 6.0%, the metal products industry increased by 1.9%, and the household electrical appliance manufacturing industry decreased by 13.0%.
In 2022, Dongguan's industries above designated size will achieve a total profit of 87.076 billion yuan, a decrease of 23.5% over the previous year.The profit rate of above scale industrial cost is 3.6%, the product sales rate is 95.9%, and the total labor productivity is 205000 yuan/person.[106]
In 2022, the added value of Dongguan's wholesale and retail industry will be 80.41 billion yuan, down 2.5% over the previous year;The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 23.427 billion yuan, down 9.7%;The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 18.245 billion yuan, down 3.7%;The added value of the financial industry was 74.981 billion yuan, up 9.0%;The added value of the real estate industry was 77.394 billion yuan, down 8.3%.The added value of modern service industry was 292.774 billion yuan, up 0.7%.
In 2022, Dongguan's service enterprises above designated size will achieve an operating revenue of 203.633 billion yuan, an increase of 10.4% over the previous year;The total profit was 39.676 billion yuan, up 26.5%.In terms of industries, the operating revenue of information transmission, software and information technology services increased by 51.5%, education by 6.1%, health and social work by 1.7%, leasing and business services by 3.0%, culture, sports and entertainment by 20.2%, real estate by 0.8%, and transportation, warehousing and postal services by 4.7%.[106]
Domestic trade
In 2022, the total retail sales of consumer goods in Dongguan will be 425.487 billion yuan, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year.Regionally, the total retail sales of consumer goods in cities and towns reached 384.049 billion yuan, up 0.3%;The total retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 41.438 billion yuan, up 1.3%.In terms of consumption patterns, the retail sales of goods were 390.992 billion yuan, up 0.3%;Meal revenue was 34.495 billion yuan, up 0.6%.
In 2022, among the wholesale and retail businesses above designated size in Dongguan, the retail sales of grain, oil and food dropped by 8.1% over the previous year, beverages by 22.2%, tobacco and alcohol by 5.9%, clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear and textiles by 10.8%, daily necessities by 1.3%, automobiles by 3.2%, and petroleum and products by 3.4%.The retail sales of goods of units above designated size in the city reached 51.814 billion yuan through public networks, up 0.2%, accounting for 28.3% of the total retail sales of consumer goods above designated size.[106]
Foreign economy
In 2022, the total import and export volume of Dongguan will be 1392.663 billion yuan, down 8.7% over the previous year.Among them, the import was 468.65 billion yuan, down 17.6%;Exports were 924.013 billion yuan, down 3.3%.The import and export volume of countries along the "Belt and Road" was 352.806 billion yuan, up 1.9%.By trade mode, the export of general trade was 476.156 billion yuan, down 5.7% over the previous year;The export of processing trade was 29.1.114 billion yuan, down 12.1%;The export of bonded logistics was 83.862 billion yuan, up 33.6%.The import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce in the city was 81.86 billion yuan, up 11.3%.The market procurement trade was 72.51 billion yuan, up 29.2%.By export region, the export to countries along the "Belt and Road" was 264.065 billion yuan, up 5.9% over the previous year;The export to Asia was 473.619 billion yuan, down 1.0%;The export to North America was 195.172 billion yuan, down 6.2%;The export to Europe was 171.561 billion yuan, down 9.0%;Exports to Latin America reached 46.039 billion yuan, up 6.8%;The export to Oceania was 21.363 billion yuan, up 20.3%.
In 2022, the export of mechanical and electrical products of Dongguan will be 626.967 billion yuan, down 7.5% from the previous year, accounting for 67.9% of the total export;The export of high-tech products was 309.784 billion yuan, down 13.0%, accounting for 33.5% of the total export.1104 new foreign direct investment projects were signed in the city, with the contracted foreign investment amount of 10.572 billion yuan, down 53.2% over the previous year.The actually utilized foreign capital was 7.887 billion yuan, down 17.3%.Among them, the actually utilized foreign capital in manufacturing industry was 4.396 billion yuan, down 14.5%, accounting for 55.7% of the city's actually utilized foreign capital.[106]
finance
In 2022, the added value of Dongguan's financial industry will reach 74.981 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year.
By the end of 2022, Dongguan has 168 financial institutions of all kinds, including 49 banking institutions (including 1 representative office, 7 credit card centers and 1 Ping An auto consumer financial center), 66 insurance institutions and 53 securities and futures institutions.There are 78 listed companies and 420 backup listed companies.
By the end of 2022, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of financial institutions in Dongguan had reached 2351.402 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7% over the end of the previous year.The balance of household deposits was 907.189 billion yuan, up 18.5%.The balance of domestic and foreign currency loans was 1678.023 billion yuan, up 12.4%.At the end of the year, the loan balance of manufacturing industry and the loan balance of inclusive small and micro enterprises increased by 29.0% and 30.9% respectively.[106]
In 2022, the total turnover of shares in Dongguan will be 3789.683 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year.The deposit balance at the end of the year was 20.196 billion yuan, an increase of 6.4% over the end of the previous year;The number of accounts opened reached 1.7831 million, up 10.7%.
In 2022, the premium income of various types of insurance in Dongguan will be 55.602 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over the previous year.Of which, the premium income of property insurance was 17.362 billion yuan, up 10.9% year on year;Life insurance premium income was 38.239 billion yuan, up 3.7% year on year.A total of 16.134 billion yuan was paid in compensation and benefits throughout the year.Of which, 7.42 billion yuan was paid by motor vehicle insurance;Non vehicle property insurance compensation of 2.016 billion yuan;702 million yuan of compensation for life insurance;Full payment of 3.563 billion yuan;The medical benefit for death was 1.428 billion yuan;Annuity payment is 1.005 billion yuan.[106]
By 2021, Dongguan will have 47 passenger stations, including 1 primary station, 9 secondary stations, 3 tertiary stations, 8 tertiary stations, 26 simple stations (including special line departure points) and 3 logistics centers.By the end of 2022, Dongguan has 5266.22 kilometers of highways open to traffic, with a highway density of 214.07 kilometers/100 square kilometers, which continues to rank among the top in the province.At the end of the year, the number of motor vehicles (civil) in the city was 3.9174 million, an increase of 7.4% over the end of the previous year.Among them, the car ownership was 3.908 million, up 7.4%.[106]
Railway
Dongguan is an important railway city in southern China, with many trunk railways and intercity railways, and a national first-class passenger and cargo portChangping Station。[12]In February 2024, Guangdong Intercity will complete the handover of inter city operation between Dongguan and HuizhouDongguan Huizhou Intercity RailwayThe station will support Yangchengtong card swiping and Guangzhou Metro ride code[137]。
Note: Guanhui Intercity is operated by Guangdong Intercity.reference material:[137-138]
shipping
Humen Port, Dongguan
Dongguan is located at the estuary of the Pearl River. Humen has always been an important gateway in southern China. Going up the Pearl River, it can reach eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, western Guangdong and even Guangxi.Main ports——Humen PortIt is a national first-class port, open to foreign ships of nationality. Every day, there are passenger and cargo ships directly to Hong Kong. Humen Port has built 11 berths of 2000 tons to 35000 tons, with a design capacity of 6 million tons. At the same time, there are also a number of waterway import and export cargo loading and unloading points such as Guancheng Port Area, Shilong Port Area and the nave, Wangniudun, Machong, Xinmin, Hongmei, etc.
Dongguan has 82 waterways with a navigable mileage of 798 kilometers.The main channels areDongjiangMainstreamDongguan WaterwayTaiping Waterway, Machong WaterwayNave Waterway, transporting sea water channelDafenbei WaterwayAnd cold stream waterway.Dongguan Waterway was transformed from a Grade 7 waterway to a Grade 4 waterway in 1993, which can be used for ships under 500 tons.With 53 kilometers of estuarine coastline, 10000 ton ships can enter Humen, Shatian and Machong along the Shiziyang Channel at the mouth of the Pearl River.
Public transport in Dongguan began in the 18th year of the Republic of China (1929). Jianheng Company operated the highway transportation from Huizhou to Zhangmutou. By the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 13 buses in Dongguan County.Dongguan highway automobile transportation began to revive after the founding of the People's Republic of China. In the 1960s, the passenger transport vehicles were in very poor condition. The carriages were surrounded by wooden boards, and the vehicles were not powerful enough to climb hard.During the Cultural Revolution, the budding public transport came to a standstill, and only gradually recovered in the 1970s.In 1986, Dongguan was removed from the county and built into a city. At the end of that year, the Transportation Bureau invested to buy 4 vehiclesmedium-sized busTwo lines have been opened, and the public transportation system in the main urban area of Dongguan has begun to operate.In November 1989, Zheng Jintao, the then mayor of Dongguan, organized a joint meeting of mayors to discuss the establishment of a specialized company to operate public transportation. The company was named "Dongguan Bus Company".In December 2003, the brand new city bus was operated for the first time in the streets and alleys of Dongguan, and Dongguan began to have a real sense ofUrban public transport。At the end of December 2019, all non pure electric buses in Dongguan will be out of operation.On October 27, 2020, all 6330 buses in operation in Dongguan will be fully electrified.[13]
Dongguan divides the city's bus routes into five bus areas: urban area, Binhai Bay area, Songshan Lake functional area, eastern bus operation area, and Shuixiang area.Area division: the urban area includes Guancheng, Dongcheng, Nancheng, Wanjiang, Shijie and Gaobu;Binhai Bay Area includes Binhai Bay New Area, Humen, Chang'an, Houjie and Shatian;Songshan Lake functional area includes Songshan Lake, Shilong, Liaobu, Dalingshan, Dalang, Hengli, Dongkeng, Qishi, Shipai, and Chashan;The eastern bus operation area includes Changping, Huangjiang, Xiegang, Qiaotou, Tangxia, Fenggang, Qingxi and Zhangmutou;The Shuixiang area continues to maintain Machong, Zhongtang, Hongmei, Wangniudun and Daojiao.[14]
tram
Three lines are planned in the central urban area, Songshan Lake and Shuixiang District, with a total scale of 47 kilometers.In the long term, the central urban area will form an open network structure of "double center radiation+ring", with 8 planned lines.(Updated March 19, 2015)[15]
Central area: There are 21 stations, with an average distance of about 600m. The transfer nodes are Dongcheng Station, Guantai Road Station and Xiping Station, with a total length of 12km.
Songshan Lake: It mainly connects Songshan Lake, Liaobu and the city center. The transfer node is Dongcheng Station, with a total length of 23 kilometers.
Waterside area: It mainly connects Hongmei, Wanghong, Wangniudun and other areas, and has two transfer nodes, namely, Wanghong Hub and Wangniudun Station, with a total length of 11.9 kilometers.
Dongguan rail transit planning retains the line position scheme of urban rail transit Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3 in the original "Dongguan Rail Construction Planning", optimizes and adjusts the line position of Line 4, adds a branch line of Line 4, connects with Shenzhen urban rail transit Line 4, and reserves and adds Line 5 and Line 6 in the future.[16]The total length of urban rail transit line is 307.8 kilometers, with 84 stations, including 8 transfer hub stations between urban rail transit lines, passing 32 towns.[15]On May 27, 2016, Dongguan Rail Transit Line 2 was put into operation, marking that Dongguan officially entered the era of subway.[17]
By the end of 2022, there were 1269 kindergartens in Dongguan, 25 more than the end of the previous year;There are 693 provincial and municipal kindergartens.341 primary schools in the city, with 832700 students;The enrollment rate of school-age children in primary schools with household registration in this city reaches 100%, and the enrollment rate of primary school graduates reaches 100%.There are 211 junior middle schools (excluding complete middle schools) in the city, with 283100 students;The enrollment rate of junior high school students with household registration in this city is 100%.There are 56 ordinary high schools in the city, with 121000 students enrolled;There are 27 secondary vocational schools (including 7 technician and technical schools) with 86300 students.There are 8 ordinary colleges and universities (including campuses) in the city, with 152900 students;Regular institutions of higher learning recruited 54100 undergraduate and junior college students and 36700 graduates throughout the year.[106]
Higher Education
In December 2023, the Department of Education of Guangdong Province issued the Announcement on the Matters to be Reported for the Establishment of Colleges and Universities in 2023, in which it is planned to apply to the Ministry of Education for the establishment of colleges and universitiesDawan University[127]。
By 2022, it is estimated that there will be more than 9000 national high-tech enterprises in Dongguan.The number of domestic patent authorizations in the city was 95581, up 1.1% over the previous year;Among them, the number of invention patents granted was 10700, down 8.5%, ranking the third in the province;The number of PCT international patent applications in the city was 4224, down 4.2%, ranking the second in the province.There are 32 new R&D institutions in the city, including 25 at the provincial level.The total number of engineering technology research centers at all levels in the city is 1137, including one at the national level, 497 at the provincial level and 639 at the municipal level;The total number of key laboratories at all levels is 186, including one at the national level, 13 at the provincial level and 172 at the municipal level.111 science and technology business incubators, including 26 national, 20 provincial and 48 municipal;There are 48 maker spaces, including 22 at the national level, 7 at the provincial level and 10 at the municipal level.The proportion of industrial enterprises above designated size setting up R&D institutions reached 52.4%.397 technical contracts were concluded, with a turnover of 9.637 billion yuan.A total of 40 provincial innovation and entrepreneurship teams were introduced.We vigorously promoted the work of science and technology credit, science and technology insurance, etc., granted 6494 loans to 4169 enterprises in our city, with a loan amount of 25.772 billion yuan, and proposed to grant a total of 18 million yuan of premium subsidies.[106]
By 2022, Dongguan has 1 cultural center, 33 cultural stations, 658 public libraries, 582 public electronic reading rooms, 18 public museums, 35 private museums, 756 cultural squares and 135 film screening units.There are 43 public radio programs and 30 public TV programs in the city.A total of 40.5169 million newspapers were distributed throughout the year, including 39.2375 million copies of Dongguan Daily.1.1865 million film screenings and 8.604 million audience.[106]
In 2022, Dongguan athletes won 144 gold medals, 128 silver medals and 128 bronze medals.Among them, they won 5 gold medals, 5 silver medals and 1 bronze medal in international events;19 gold medals, 21 silver medals and 24 bronze medals in the national championship;There were 120 gold medals, 102 silver medals and 103 bronze medals in Guangdong Provincial Games.Throughout the year, 1116 nationwide fitness activities were held, with 1.26 million participants.There are 20002 sports venues in the city, including 747 football fields, 460 basketball halls, 6458 outdoor basketball courts (lights), 1378 fitness paths, 577 outdoor swimming pools, 194 indoor swimming pools (halls), and 1728 outdoor badminton courts.The city has 1775 sports lottery distribution outlets, with total sales of 2.708 billion yuan, sports lottery public welfare fund of 648 million yuan, including 189 million yuan of municipal public welfare fund.[106]
By 2022, there are 3696 medical and health institutions in Dongguan;Among them, there are 7 Grade III Grade A hospitals (excluding maternal and child health care hospitals), 3554 grass-roots medical institutions such as outpatient departments, clinics, infirmaries, health centers and community health service institutions.The city has 64600 health technicians, and medical institutions have 35100 beds.The number of outpatients in the city was 60.8432 million, down 7.0% over the previous year;The number of inpatients was 1.1348 million, up 2.4%.[106]
Communication media
By 2022, the total amount of post and telecommunications business in Dongguan has reached 54.175 billion yuan, an increase of 9.1% over the previous year.Among them, the total amount of postal services (calculated at constant prices in 2020) was 33.069 billion yuan, up 4.6%;The express business volume was 2.881 billion, up 7.3%;The express business revenue was 28.901 billion yuan, up 2.8%;The total amount of telecommunications services (calculated at constant prices in 2021) was 21.106 billion yuan, up 16.9%.At the end of the year, 2.167 million fixed telephone users in the city;There are 16.447 million mobile phone users.At the end of the year, there were 4.345 million fixed Internet broadband access users, an increase of 368000.[106]
People's life
In 2022, the residents' income in Dongguan will keep growing, basically in step with the economic growth.The annual per capita disposable income of Dongguan residents was 63833 yuan, an increase of 2.7% over the previous year.Among them, the per capita disposable income of urban permanent residents was 65406 yuan, up 2.6%;The per capita disposable income of rural permanent residents was 45136 yuan, up 4.5%, and the urban-rural income gap was further narrowed.From the perspective of income composition, the per capita wage income of residents is 44183 yuan, accounting for 69.2% of disposable income, which is the primary source of income for residents;The second is the per capita net property income, which is 13406 yuan, accounting for 21.0% of the disposable income.In terms of living consumption expenditure, the per capita living consumption expenditure of Dongguan residents throughout the year was 39432 yuan, an increase of 0.9% over the previous year.Among them, the per capita living consumption expenditure of urban permanent residents was 40131 yuan, up 0.8%;The per capita living consumption expenditure of rural permanent residents was 31125 yuan, up 1.8%.The Engel coefficient of the city's residents was 33.0%, an increase of 0.5 percentage point over the previous year;Among them, 32.8% are urban permanent residents and 36.4% are rural permanent residents.[106]
social security
In 2022, Dongguan will participate in 26.9882 million person times of various social insurance, including 6.7584 million for basic medical insurance, 4.6252 million for maternity insurance, 6.139 million for basic endowment insurance, 4.6187 million for unemployment insurance, and 4.847 million for industrial injury insurance.The annual social insurance fund income was 103.952 billion yuan, and the insurance fund expenditure was 103.994 billion yuan;At the end of the year, the accumulated balance of social insurance funds was 234.808 billion yuan, and the balance of insurance funds of the previous year was 234.850 billion yuan.
By 2022, there are 49 social welfare institutions in Dongguan, including 1 social welfare institution, 1 social welfare center, 27 nursing homes for the elderly, and 987 nursing homes for the elderly.Social welfare institutions adopted 751 people, and the relief management agencies for vagrants and beggars rescued 3413 people throughout the year.The minimum living security expenditure of residents in the city was 92.2561 million yuan, and the balance of charitable funds was 429.4859 million yuan.835 people were included in the city's "poverty-stricken people" program, and 15.0875 million yuan was spent on the "support fund for poverty-stricken people" program.[106]
Historical culture
Announce
edit
language
Dongguan dialectCantoneseGuanbao films are based on Guancheng dialect.Dongguan dialectIt is also one of the representative dialects of Guanbao Cantonese.Dongguan dialectAndCantonese speechThere is little difference in vocabulary, but there are differences in vowel pronunciation, and there are rules to follow.Many Guangzhou people cannot understand Dongguan dialect, and it is difficult for Dongguan elderly people who rarely contact Cantonese to communicate with Guangzhou people.Guancheng dialect is mainly the dialect spoken in the urban area and surrounding towns, such as Gaobu, Chashan, Daojiao, Hongmei and other towns and streets. There are slightly different dialects, but it does not hinder mutual communication.But many young people use it for communicationCantoneseIt is difficult to speak authentic Guancheng dialect.[79]
The local dialects of Dongguan include Cantonese dialect and Hakka dialectCantoneseThe regional area and population account for most of the city.By 2022, among 32 towns and streets, 20 towns and streets, including Shilong Town, Chang'an Town, Shatian Town, Hongmei Town, Daojiao Town, Mayong Town, Wanjiang Street, Zhongtang Town, Wangniudun Town, Shijie Town, Gaobu Town, Dalang Town, Liaobu Town, Chashan Town, Qishi Town, Shipai Town, Changping Town, Hengli Town, Dongkeng Town and Qiaotou Town, will be exclusively usedCantoneseMost or most of the nine towns and streets, including Guancheng Street, Dongcheng Street, Nancheng Street, Houjie Town, Humen Town, Dalingshan Town, Tangxia Town, Huangjiang Town and Xiegang Town, use Cantonese (Shangling Village, Luosha Community with more than 300 people in Guancheng Street, uses Hakka dialect), and most of Qingxi Town and Fenggang Town use Hakka dialect,Zhangmutou Town purely uses Hakka dialect.[7][141]
diet
Dongguan cuisine belongs to the Guangzhou cuisine of Guangdong cuisine. It is a Han food culture with strong local characteristics of Guangdong. It can be divided into hills, Putian, Shuixiang, coastal slice cuisine, etc., and each has representative cuisine. For example, Putian slice has fried rice with Dalang olive sauce, Shuixiang slice has fish and abalone in the middle hall, coastal slice has Humen Daning Crab Porridge, mountain slice has Zhangmutou Hakka salty chicken, local specialty has litchi, Machong bananaHoujie Lai Fen, Houjie Dachshund, Baisha Duck, Humen Shrimp, Humen Crab, Yujia Zongzi.Dongguan people love drinking tea. In addition to regular tea such as green tea, people have a long-standing habit of drinking herbal tea, such as Guanxiang tea, Qingming tea, broken rice tea, and old ear water.Dongguan people pay attention to "food" when drinking tea. They often eat snacks while drinking tea[79]。
Clothes & Accessories
Dongguan's clothing culture has a long history, and different times and regions have their own characteristics.Guangfu costumes in the urban area, Hakka costumes in the mountainous area, and Dan costumes in the waterside area have formed their own unique regional styles in the process of historical evolution.The "Ancient Style and Modern Charm" Traditional Costume Exhibition hosted by Dongguan Cultural Museum showcased a number of clothing related intangible cultural heritage projects in Dongguan, including traditional costumes of Guangfu, Danjia and Hakka, as well as traditional production techniques such as "centenary", clogs and sandals[79]。
Painting and Calligraphy
Chashan people in Dongguan in the Ming DynastyZhang MuHe was an outstanding painter in the history of Lingnan. When he was young, he was a free spirited chivalrous man, engaged in poetry and painting, and had a good habit of raising horses. He once bought famous horses with hundreds of gold coins, named them "Bronze Dragon" and "Cockscomb Red". He was good at drawing horses because he could not get away from horses, and he was familiar with the physiological habits of horses.He has visited Hengyue, Pan Huxiang, stayed in the capital, and traveled through Wu and Yue for many times. His travel poems are wonderful and can be recited. Many famous people in China have made friends with him.Zhang Mu is not only good at painting horses, but also good at painting eagles, orchids, bamboos, daffodils, and seal cutting.His paintings are collected in Guangzhou Art Museum and Guangdong Provincial Museum, and his twelve open miscellaneous books are also collected in Dongguan Museum, which are all handed down treasures[18]。The end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty was a period of great splendor in Lingnan calligraphy.Dongguan'sWang YinghuaThe unique style of calligraphy, which is in the midst of the public, is extremely restrained and wrong, and is a great scholar in the Lingnan calligraphy circle of the Ming Dynasty[19]。The paintings in Dongguan in the Qing Dynasty were influenced by the pioneers of Lingnan School of Painting, Ju Chao and Ju Lian. They paid attention to sketching, absorbed the western sketch and applied color techniques, and became a wonderful work of Lingnan School of Painting[20]。
Dongguan has a long history of opera culture, and there are endless talents of quyi.There are mainly traditional folk art types such as Cantonese Opera, Cantonese Opera, etc.Dongguan is a famous historical and cultural city in Guangdong ProvinceGuangfu dialectCantonese opera and Cantonese opera have a long history in Dongguan. It is the product of local folk music absorbing the Central Plains culture and learning from western performance skills. Now, it is the most widely spread local music and drama among local folk. Dongguan has a long history ofCantonese Opera、Guangdong operaThe reputation of hometown[79]。
Drama is one of the most popular and influential folk arts.Cantonese Opera is also loved by the masses in Dongguan, a famous Cantonese Opera veteranLu QiguangGuangdong opera celebrities often come to Dongguan to perform and spread their art.In 2002, the amateur Cantonese Opera Troupe of Chang'an Town also went to Beijing to perform the large-scale Cantonese opera Siyuan in the Great Hall of the People.Don't miss seeing Dongguan“Southern Red Bean”The opportunity of elegance.
folk song
DongguanQingxi, Zhangmutou and other townsHakka peopleSinging folk songs has long been famous. On festivals, various folk song performances or competitions are often held, which are very lively.
Saltwater songIt is also called Dan Song, Boat Song and Man Song in Dongguan[87]。According to ancient records, Dongguan's salt water songs can be roughly traced back to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the late Ming and early Qing dynastiesQu DajunWritten by《Guangdong Xinyu》The three tea picking songs quoted in, namely, the Dan songs of the Ming Dynasty, are still sung in Dongguan, with little difference in lyrics[87]。
Dongguan Salt Water SongThere is no fixed music score. It is basically one tune, but you can add pull, tremolo, sigh, hum, homophone, etc. at will, so different people often sing with different flavors.There are two kinds of singing occasions, one is called "song hall song", also called "sitting hall song", which is usually sung at wedding banquet or banquet occasions;The other is called "big board song", which is an entertaining singing in working life or daily leisure time[87]。at presentDongguan Salt Water SongIt has been included in the intangible cultural heritage list of Guangdong Province[86]。Urgently take measures to rescue[87]。
In 1958, Dongguan was honored as the first "hometown of swimming" in China;In January 2000, the China Dragon Boat Association awarded the first "Dragon Boat Hometown" of Shatian Town, Dongguan;Daojiao is honored by the Ministry of Culture as the "Hometown of Chinese Quyi" and "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art";Shilong Town, Dongguan is known as the "hometown of weight lifting";Zhongkeng Village and Chang'an Town of Shipai Town in Dongguan have been awarded the title of "Hometown of Lion Dance Art" by the relevant state departments. In addition, Qingxi Town and Zhangmutou Town are both well-known towns of Kirin art at home and abroad.[20]
folk custom
traditional festival
There are many traditional festivals with Dongguan characteristics, including the Sell Your Own Body Festival (Water Splashing Festival), Dongguan Litchi Festival, "Stone Dragon Cup" Dragon Boat Competition, and Hong Kong People's Tourism Festival. Among them, the Sell Your Own Body Festival is the first festival in Dongguan, and thousands of people come to participate in the festival every year. The scene is very lively[79]。
Marriage custom
Marriage according to the local marriage customs is not superstition, but means happiness, so we should fully respect these old marriage customs.Marriage customs and processes in Dongguan: spouse selection, engagement, reporting the day, cooking, wedding procedures, making noodles (returning to noodles), returning to the door, full moon, and exploring the New Year.Dongguan traditional wedding links: bride cake, bride snatching, tea offering[79]。
Kylin dance
Kirin dance is a traditional folk cultural activity of Hakka people in Dongguan.The unicorn is a kind of animal in ancient legends. It is said that the unicorn, together with the phoenix, tortoise and dragon, is called the "four spirits" and ranks first among the four spirits.It is a giant beast in ancient legend. It has a strange appearance. It has a dragon head, antlers, horse hooves, ox tail, and wolf forehead. It is covered with colorful scales. Its length is one foot two (more than three meters). Hakka people regard the unicorn as a mascot. In Hakka legends, where the unicorn has stepped on, it will bring luck to people there. Therefore, it is said that the unicorn is auspicious.[79]
Dongguan Xingshi
Dongguan Awakening Lion originated in the Ming Dynasty. When encountering red celebrations and festivals, people would dance a lion to pray for peace and auspiciousness, but it was mainly distributed in Shipai, Dalang, Chang'an, Humen and other towns in Dongguan, especially in Zhongkeng Village, Shipai Town.The lion shaped furniture in Dongguan pays special attention to the decoration of different colors and embodies different symbolic meanings.For example, in the early days, there were black lions, red lions and silver lions, which are said to represent Zhang Fei, Guan Gong and Liu Bei respectively, and show their different personalities. The black lions were powerful, the red lions were dignified, and the silver lions were gentle.Later, a golden lion, also called Taishi, was added to welcome guests or to hold a grand ceremony to symbolize peace.In Zhongkeng Village, the red lion symbolizes happiness, the yellow lion symbolizes harmony, the silver lion symbolizes wealth, and the black lion symbolizes martial arts, all of which are very brightly decorated.
The lion dance in Dongguan mainly adopts the footwork of Nanquan martial arts, which is stable and powerful.The movements deliberately imitate the real lion, walking, running, jumping, rolling, shaking hair, washing beard, licking body, etc., all appear vivid and lifelike;There are many dance segments, such as going out of the cave, going down the mountain, crossing the bridge, drinking water, Caiqing, sleeping drunk, waking up drunk, going up the mountain, playing ball, and the big head Buddha playing with the lion. Caiqing is the climax, which is divided into "Caigaoqing" and "Caidiqing". "Caidiqing" also has a variety of local colors, such as Shuiqing, Crab Qing, Bridge Bottom Qing, and Disyllabic Qing.In the past 10 years, there have been more difficult lion dance performances such as "high stake lion", "plum stake lion" and "lion walking on steel wire".
Dongguan Lion Dance is the most popular folk art activity in Shipai Town, and Zhongkeng Village can best reflect the characteristics, inheritance and development of Dongguan Lion Dance.The village's Lion Awakening Team won the only special award for its performance of "stepping on high stakes" in the sixth National "Stars Award" Square Dance Competition in 1996.In 1997, Zhongkeng Village was awarded the title of "Town of Folk Art in Guangdong Province" by the Provincial Department of Culture, and in 2000, it was named "Town of Chinese Folk Art (Lion Dance)" by the Ministry of Culture.[22]
Dongguan Xingshi
Dragon Boat
The "Dragon Boat Scene" in Dongguan's nave refers to the scene of the dragon boat, which is the description and title of the local people for major folk activities, also known as "taking advantage of the scene".The annual "Dragon Boat Scenery" folk cultural activity in Zhongtang Town starts at the beginning of May in the lunar calendar and ends at the end of the month.During the "Dragon Boat Scenery" period, 9 of the 20 villages (communities) in the town have become "scenic days" successively.For 500 years, the folk custom of dragon boat riding has inherited the pulse of the dragon. The dragon boat, full of auspicious wishes, has become the most important large-scale folk activity in the upstream of the East River.In 2006, Zhongtang Town was awarded the title of "Chinese Dragon Boat Hometown" by China Dragon Boat Association.In 2008, the dragon boat making technique of the nave was approved by the State Council and included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.In order to make this folk custom activity more lasting and further inherited, the Zhongtang Town Government invested more than 30 million yuan to build the Dragon Boat Plaza in 2004, and invested nearly 10 million yuan to build a national dragon boat race field in 2008.[21]
Dongguan Dragon Boat
festive lantern
Hong MeiGuangdongLantern FestivalIn the Spring Festival cultural activity of "One City, One Special" in Guangdong, the lanterns are not only available in Dongguan, but the Guangdong Lantern Festival has permanently settled in Hongmei Town, Dongguan.Hongmei Town is the hometown of lanterns in China with a long history.The Lantern Festival focuses on mobilizing public participation, strongly encouraging private capital to participate in the construction and inheritance of lantern culture, and guiding people to carry forward and inherit lantern culture.Founded in 2012, Guangdong Lantern Culture Festival has become a large-scale lantern exhibition and the most distinctive activity in Dongguan during the Spring Festival.At the Provincial Lantern Culture Festival held in Hongmei, Dongguan, we can see different lanterns from all over the country at one time. There will also be riddles and on-site experience of making lanterns.The Lantern Festival is held at the Cultural Square of Hongmei Town. It usually starts from the 13th day of the first month of the lunar year to the 15th day of the first month of the lunar year. Friends who like lanterns must go to see it.[23]
Grass planting techniques
Shatian Town, DongguanGuancaoPlanting and weaving workstations were selected into the second batch of municipal levelIntangible cultural heritageworkstation[85]。As an important part of the Dans' culture, Guancao culture is full of the Dans' memories of hard, simple and thrifty life.In order to protect and inherit the cultural heritage of Guancao, in recent years, Shatian Town has explored and restored the planting of Guancao and carried out the inheritance of weaving handicrafts.In addition to organizing enthusiastic enthusiasts with knowledge of guancao planting to engage in specialized planting, we also restored the traditional handicrafts of guancao such as grass breaking, drying, weaving, etc., and injected elements such as art and fashion into the guancao weaving process, so that the long history of guancao culture can be revitalized.At the same time, Shatian Town also applied for the establishment of Guancao planting technology as the intangible cultural heritage protection list of Dongguan City[85]。
famous scenery
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Dongguan is a famous historical and cultural city in Guangdong Province, an ancient town in the south of the Five Ridges. There are many places of interest and historic sites. Dongguan Museum has collected cultural relics unearthed since the Neolithic Age, such as the Village Head Site.Well known both at home and abroadLin Zexu's Smoke Dispelling Pool、Shajiao Fort、Weiyuan FortressAnd other ancient anti British battlefield sites, includingThe Opium War Museum 、Naval Battle HallAnd other patriotism education bases;During the Anti Japanese War, it was the base of the Dongjiang people, the exhibition hall of the historical facts of the Daling Mountains and the Liuhua Anti Japanese Memorial Pavilion.The cultural landscape includes the famous ancient temple Guanyin TempleJin'aozhou TowerandPomegranate tower, one of the four famous parks in GuangdongKeyuanYuan Chonghuan's Former Residence, Huangqi Ancient Temple, etc.Natural sceneryFairy Goose Lake, Shipai YanlingDongguan Botanical Garden, Qingxi Mountain and Water World, Pearl River Estuary coastal beauty, rice sea banana forest, litchi red lotus fragrance, Qifeng scenic spots, etc.
Machong bananaThe specialty of Machong Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, is a national geographical indication of agricultural products.
The Mayong banana fruit comb is neat and neat, the skin color is yellow or golden, shiny, the pulp is fine and smooth, the taste is sweet, and the flavor is rich.[9]
On November 2, 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of national agricultural products for "Machong bananas".[88]
Dongguan Litchi
Dongguan Litchi, a specialty of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, and a national geographical indication of agricultural products.
Dongguan litchi production area is located in the south subtropical zone, south of the Tropic of Cancer, facing the ocean, often under the control of the monsoon, with sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall, small temperature difference amplitude, high summer temperature, and annual average temperature of 22.8 ℃, which is conducive to the growth of litchi.In the Yuan Dynasty, Dongguan litchi was recorded in the Records of the Unification of the Yuan Dynasty and the Records of the South China Sea.There are many varieties of litchi in Dongguan, mainly Guiwei and Nuomici.Guiwei litchi has thick and milky white pulp, crisp, sweet and juicy, with osmanthus fragrance.Nuomici litchi is soft, smooth and juicy, with a sweet and slightly fragrant taste.[91]
On April 20, 2017, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China officially approved the registration and protection of geographical indications of agricultural products for "Dongguan litchi".[94]
Guanxiang
Guanxiang, a specialty of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, and a national geographical indication product of China.
Guanxiang is a kind of agarwood produced in a specific environment with Guanxiang tree as the carrier.As the origin is mainly concentrated in Dongguan, it is named Guanxiang.According to historical records, Guanxiang trees were planted as early as the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Guanxiang became the most famous royal tribute in Dongguan.During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Dongguan had formed a number of major trading markets for Guanxiang, which was a famous incense market in Guangdong at that time. Countless Guanxiang were traded here, and then exported from Hong Kong to Southeast Asia and even countries around the world.[95]
On August 10, 2015, the former AQSIQ approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Guanxiang".[96]
