Taiyi, the Eastern Emperor, is a god in traditional Chinese mythology.According to《Poetry of the South·Nine Odes·Dong Huang Tai Yi》It is recorded in the annotation of Taiyi that Taiyi is a noble god（Chu StateEast, so it is called "East Emperor Taiyi".[2]
Zhang WoTaiyi, the Eastern Emperor, is an immortal who comes from the clouds with great splendor;[10]Xiao YuncongThe painted East Emperor Taiyi is an imperial figure, wearing a crown, holding a sword, a wide robe and large sleeves.[13]
(Source of overview diagram:Zhang WoPart of "Nine Songs of Lin Li Gonglin"[10]Xiao Yuncong, The Complete Picture of Depicting Elegant Li Sao[13]）
In the pre Qin period《Lu's Spring and Autumn Period》As the saying goes, "All things are created in Taiyi".[1]《Poetry of the South·Nine Odes·Dong Huang Tai Yi》It is recorded: "The auspicious day comes with a bright day, the general Mu will be happy to go to the emperor, the sword will be caressed with a jade ear, and the drums will be clanged with sound. The Yao banquet will be jade, and the saying will be" Qiongfang "; the hybrid dishes will be steamed with orchids; the wine will be drunk with cinnamon; the drums will be raised, the festival will be relaxed, and the songs will be serene, and Chen Yu will be loud and clear. The spirit will be refined, the clothes will be beautiful, and the hall will be filled with fragrance and beauty; the five tones will be mixed, and you will be happy and healthy."(On a good day and at a good time, pay homage to the emperor respectfully; hold a long sword jade as the handle, and wear a jade bowl on your body with a clanging sound. The jade ware on the Yao mat is made up of four corners, offering flowers to disperse fragrance, and the cymbidium wrapped in cooked cattle orchids as the mat, and offering Dujiu pepper soup. Raise the drumsticks and knock on the drums together, and the drums are pounding loudly; the beat is sparse and slow, and the drums and drums sing loudly. The costumes of witches and witches are good, and the aroma is beautiful;All kinds of tunes are mixed, so happy and healthy!).[3]
The Guodian Chu Bamboo Slips "Tai Yisheng Water" recorded that "Tai Yisheng Water"[14]《Lingshu Sutra》He said, "Tai Yi is the name of water. First the mother of heaven and earth, then the source of everything."[14]
《Bamboo Chronicle• According to the previous edition, "Fuxi began to define the breadth of the world, making eight trigrams, dividing nine states, and making nine palaces, so he made nine states... Taiyi, the god of Beichen, went down as the palace of divination, and every four were still in the center. The center was where Beichen lived, so it was called the nine palaces. When Taiyi went down, the nine palaces started from the ridge, and then it was in the Kun Palace, and the palace was shaken, and the Xun Palace, so half of it was still in the central palace."[16]
During the Han Dynasty《Redords of the Grand History of China•Buddhist seal book》According to the record, "The god of heaven is Taiyi, and Taiyi is called the Five Emperors. In ancient times, the Son of Heaven sacrificed the Spring and Autumn Festival to Taiyi's eastern suburbs."·Heavenly Official Letter》It is recorded that: "The celestial pole in the middle house, one of the bright ones, is also a permanent resident...".[15]《The History of the Han Dynasty• Suburb Sacrifice Annals: "The god of heaven is Taiyi, and Taiyi is called the Five Emperors. The ancient emperor sacrificed Taiyi to the southeast suburbs in spring and autumn."[2]《Writings of Prince Huainan• Volume 14: Commentary on the World records: "The cave is the same as the heaven and the earth. Chaos is simple, and things that have not been created are called Taiyi."[17]
"Songs of Chu, Nine Songs"·Dong Huang Tai Yi》(Note by Wang Yi of the Han Dynasty): Tai Yixing is the name of the god of heaven, and the temple is in the east of Chu to match the East Emperor, so it is called the East Emperor.[2]
During the Song Dynasty《Qu Wei's Old News》It is recorded that "the lantern in Shangyuan followed the story of Emperor Wu of Han Temple from fainting to bright since the Tang Dynasty."[4]
《Records of the Central Wu Dynasty·Volume I records: "In the six years of Taiping's rejuvenation, Fang Shiyan said:Five Blessings TaiyiIn Wuyuefen.Taiyi is the god of heaven.People are blessed in the country where they travel. "[5]
Cultural connotation
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custom
The origin of the custom of hanging lanterns on the Lantern Festival is related to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who used all night lights to worship Emperor Taiyi of the East.[4]
In different times, there have been different Polaris: Taiyi, Tianyi, Emperor, Tianshu, etc.[18]
Historical evaluation
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Taiyi, as the god of heaven, is the noumenon of the universe, an incredible supernatural force in the concept of ancient philosophers.(Review of Wen Yiduo's "Examination of the Emperor Taiyi")[14]
In my opinion, the Eastern Emperor Taiyi has the duality of the dead man king and the gods. It is the combination of the dead soul of the man king and the gods.(Li Guangxin's comment on "A Preliminary Study of the Nine Songs of Emperor Tai")[22]
Historical data index
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Index of historical materials of the Eastern Emperor Taiyi
