synonymThe largest port in the East(Ancient port) generally refers to Quanzhou Port
Quanzhou Port, formerly known asErtong Port, Fujian Province, ChinaQuanzhou CityThe port in the territory is located in the coastal harbor at the lower reaches of Jinjiang River in the southeast of Quanzhou. The area extends north to Nei'ao, Meizhou Bay, Quanzhou, and south to Lianhe, Tong'an District, Weitou Bay, Quanzhou[1]。
During the Southern Dynasty, the Indian monk Junarata went to Quanzhou twice in the second year of Yongding (558) of Emperor Wu of Chen and the sixth year of Tianjia (565) of Emperor Wen of Chen, translated the Diamond Sutra on the Jiuri Mountain in the western suburb of Quanzhou, and then took a boat from Quanzhou to Lingjiaxiu (today's Malay Peninsula) and Youchanni (today's India);In September 1997, the first 5000 ton container terminal (2 berths) in Quanzhou was completed and put into trial operation in Houzhu Port[2]；On April 1, 2012, Xinghua Bay Port Area of Quanzhou Port and Putian Port merged to form a new Meizhou Bay Port.
As of May 2015, Quanzhou Port has completed 91 berths, including 25 berths above 10000 tons[3]。In 2016, the cargo throughput of the port under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou Port was 7.51228 million tons;Container throughput completed 2064900 TEU[4]。According to the official website of Quanzhou Port in December 2019, the total warehouse capacity of Quanzhou Port is 38725 square meters;25 oil depots with a total capacity of 811350 cubic meters;Storage yard 338000 square meters[1]。According to Fujian Quanzhou Port Development Center in December 2019, there are 108 container routes at Quanzhou Port, including 30 foreign trade routes and 78 domestic trade routes[4]。
Chinese name
Quanzhou Port
Foreign name
Quanzhou Port
Main goods
Block stone, chemical raw materials, food, coconut shell charcoal, etc
During the Southern Dynasty, the Indian monk Junarata went to Quanzhou twice in the second year of Yongding (558) of Emperor Wu of Chen and the sixth year of Tianjia (565) of Emperor Wen of Chen, translated the Diamond Sutra on the Jiuri Mountain in the western suburb of Quanzhou, and then took a boat from Quanzhou to Lingjiaxiu (today's Malay Peninsula) and Youchanni (today's India).
In the Tang Dynasty, Quanzhou, together with Guangzhou and Yangzhou, was known as a major port for China's foreign trade.The Tang Dynasty set up a military presence in Quanzhou to manage overseas transportation and trade.The foreign merchants who came to Quanzhou for trade in the Tang Dynasty were mainly Arabs and Persians, as well as people from Southeast Asia, India, Egypt, Japan, Korea and other countries and regions.At the beginning of the 7th century, the Arabs officially sent envoys to China, and more and more people came later."Up to the time of Empress Wu Zetian (684-704), the Arabs were engaged in business in Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Hangzhou.".Quanzhou Port is also famous for its frequent arrival of "foreign ships from the South China Sea", and its "islands, barbarians, and foreigners".
During the Five Dynasties period, Quanzhou was under the jurisdiction of the State of Fujian. The King of Fujian knew that he attached great importance to overseas trade and "attracted overseas barbarian merchants". Quanzhou's overseas transportation was further developed.In the late Five Dynasties, Quanzhou expanded its urban area, opened more roads and built warehouses to meet the needs of overseas transportation and trade development[1]。
During the Song and Yuan dynasties, taking Quanzhou as the center of the navigation trade as the leader, it connected and interacted with the "North Ocean", "East Ocean" and "West Ocean" in the Asian waters, forming a maritime economic circle in the eastern world[5]。
During the Song Dynasty, Quanzhou communicated with more than 70 countries and regions abroad. Overseas traffic was smooth to the East and West, Japan to the east, countries in the South China Sea to the south, and Persia, Arabia, and East Africa to the west.The import commodities are mainly spices and medicines, while the export commodities are mainly silk and porcelain.
In the second year of Song Yuanyou (1087), Quanzhou set up Shibosi, and later Laiyuan Posthouse to receive tribute envoys and foreign businessmen.In order to encourage overseas transportation and trade, the shipping department and local officials of Quanzhou in the Song Dynasty held "praying for the wind" or "sacrificing the sea" activities for Chinese and foreign businessmen every time the ships entered the port or set sail in the season to wish the ships safe sailing.
During the Yuan Dynasty, Quanzhou Port was further developed, and the number of countries and regions with trade relations increased to nearly 100. Its trade scope was still mainly to the west, and its relatively stable routes were almost similar to those of the Song Dynasty.At that time, Quanzhou Port was an important international trade port and one of the main distribution centers for various commodities at home and abroad.There are 58 kinds of spices, 12 kinds of treasures, 27 kinds of industrial raw materials, 19 kinds of textiles, 9 kinds of metals, 6 kinds of utensils and 7 kinds of non-staple food imported through Quanzhou Port.There are 54 kinds of silk fabrics, 41 kinds of ceramics, 63 kinds of metals, groceries and medicines exported through Quanzhou, which are exported to 64 countries and regions.
From the 17th to the 26th year of the late Yuan Dynasty (1357-1366), there was a war in Quanzhou that lasted for ten years, known as the Yisi Bashi War, or "Yisi Fahang War".The records in the General Annals of Bamin Zhizheng and Fujian General Annals Yuanwaiji are particularly detailed.The war not only severely damaged the social economy of Quanzhou and Xinghua, but also led to a sharp decline in the overseas trade of Quanzhou, the world's largest port at that time. Quanzhou's position as an overseas transportation center was even more severely hit, and Quanzhou's overseas transportation declined from then on.
In the Ming Dynasty, the social economy of Quanzhou further developed. However, due to the strict "sea ban" imposed by the Ming government, Quanzhou Port was restricted to Ryukyu, which greatly restricted its foreign trade.In the tenth year of Chenghua (1474), the Shibo Division moved to Fuzhou, and the Laiyuan Post of Quanzhou was also abandoned along with the Shibo Division, which marked the decline of the foreign trade status of Quanzhou Port.In the Qing Dynasty, under the influence of the war in the early Qing Dynasty, the sea ban and border relocation, the social economy of Quanzhou was severely damaged, and the prosperity of the port had disappeared[1]。
After 1949, due to the confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits and the tense military situation, Quanzhou Port was closed in 1957.
After 1957, the state invested a large amount of money in the construction of infrastructure of Quanzhou Port, and wharf construction was carried out successively in the inner port, Houzhu and other operation areas, ending the history of Quanzhou Port without formal wharf[2]。
After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, Quanzhou rebuilt the port on the original basis.
In 1980, Quanzhou Port Authority was established.
On January 1, 1983, Quanzhou Port officially resumed its opening to foreign ships and was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the 24 ports open to the outside world[6]。
In July 1997, two 5000 ton container terminal berths in Quanzhou Port Houzhu Operation Area were completed and put into use, marking a new stage in the development of Quanzhou Port's container business[3]；On September 30, the first 5000 ton container terminal (2 berths) in Quanzhou was completed and put into trial operation in Houzhu Port, and the first Panama "Suyue" ship was berthed to transport 74 TEUs directly to Japan[2]。
In December 1998, the 10000 ton Fujian Taiwan Trade Terminal in Weitou Operation Area of Quanzhou Port officially operated container handling business, becoming the first 10000 ton container terminal in Quanzhou Port.
In April 2004, 3 # berth in Shihu operation area of Quanzhou Port was completed and put into operation, marking that Quanzhou Port began to have 100000 ton container berth[3]。
From 2001 to 2005, during the "Tenth Five Year Plan" period, 940 million yuan was invested in the construction of Quanzhou Port and Waterway, most of which was invested in deep-water berths above 10000 tons[2]。
In 2011, 4 # 100000 tonnage berths in Shihu Operation Area and 2 # 100000 tonnage berths in Weitou Operation Area of Quanzhou Port were completed, and the number of 100000 tonnage container berths in Quanzhou Port increased to 3[3]。
Since April 1, 2012, the originalMeizhou Bay PortFour port areas of Quanzhou Port, three port areas of Quanzhou Port andPutian PortXinghua Bay Port Area of Meizhou Bay is merged to form Meizhou Bay Port.The original Quanzhou Port Administration Bureau, Putian Port Administration Bureau and their related institutions were merged intoFujian Meizhou Bay Port Authority[7]。
On May 23, 2023, the freight station in Shihu Operation Area of Quanzhou Port completed the foreign trade export field loading business of five 20 foot containers of kaolin for the first time, and new breakthroughs were made in the extension business of "bulk to collective".[15]In December, the construction of No. 11-12 berths in Shijing Operation Area of Quanzhou Port startedSet.[16]
On March 1, 2024, the People's Government of Fujian Province agreed to open berth 4, Liyuwei Operation Area, Xiaocuo Port, Quanzhou Port.[17]
On March 23, 2024, the Hong Kong born cargo ship "Ningbo" carrying 23500 tons of UAE produced liquefied petroleum gas in Quanzhou Port successfully unloaded, filling the gap that there was no public dedicated berth for liquefied hydrocarbons in Fujian Province before.[18]
Economic hinterland: The economic hinterland of Quanzhou Port is Licheng District, Dehua County, Yongchun County, Anxi County, Nan'an City, Jinjiang City, Hui'an County, and Shishi City.After the completion of the Zhangquan Railway, the economic hinterland of Quanzhou port will extend to western Fujian and southern Jiangxi.
Quanzhou Bay: Located on the west bank of the Taiwan Strait, between Chongwu City and Xiangzhi Cape along the coast of central Fujian, Houzhu Port is the largest port area of Quanzhou Port, located at the downstream of Jinjiang River and the confluence of Luoyang, with a coastline of 18 kilometers and a water area of 250000 mu.
Meizhou Bay: Located in the northwest of Chongwu City, at the junction of Hui'an County and Putian County, Xiaocuo Port is located in the south of Meizhou Bay, with a deep-water coastline of 21.5 kilometers.
Weitou Bay: Between Weitoujiao, Anhai Port and Jinmen Island.Shijing Port is located in Shijing Town, Nan'an County, with a coastline of 1km.Anhai Port is located in Anpingqiao, Jinjiang City, Dongshi Port is located in Dongshi Town, Jinjiang City, and Shuitou Port is located in the northwest of Shuitou Town, Nan'an City.
Shenhu Bay: Located in the southeast coast of central Fujian, there are Meilin Port and Shenzhen Shanghai Port.
climatic conditions
Wind elephant
The strong wind in Quanzhou Port is to the northeast, and the regular wind is to the northeast east. The northeast wind prevails in winter, and the southwest wind prevails in summer,typhoonUsually from July to September[1]。
precipitation
The average annual precipitation of Quanzhou Port is 1202mm, and the rainy season occurs in spring and summer[1]。
Fog condition
The annual average number of foggy days in Quanzhou Port is 6.8 days. There are many foggy days from January to May. The duration of fog is not long, and the influence on ship navigation is not great[1]。
air temperature
The annual average temperature of Quanzhou Port is 20.7 ℃, the highest in July, the monthly average is 28.6 ℃, the lowest in January and February, and the average in February is 12.1 ℃[1]。
hydrographic features
tide
Quanzhou Portregular semidiurnal tide , the average high tide level is 4.83m, the low tide level is 0.31m, and the average tidal range is 4.52m;The maximum tidal range is 6.3 m, and the minimum tidal range is 5.1 m[1]。
trend
The mouth of Quanzhou Bay is anticlockwise cyclonic flow.The coast from Dazha to Chongwu is generally eastward, with a flow rate of about 1.54 m/s, and the bay gradually becomes a reciprocating flow.The tidal current in the bay generally flows along the deep water channel, and the main stream passes between Xiaozhudao Island and Xiangzhi Cape.From the bay mouth to Xiutu, the spring tide current velocity is 1.63 to 2.21 m/s[1]。
Hardware facilities
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berth
As of May 2015, Quanzhou Port has completed 91 berths, including 25 berths above 10000 tons[3]。
geographical position
Storage yard
According to the official website of Quanzhou Port in December 2019, Quanzhou Port has a total warehouse capacity of 38725 square meters, 25 oil depots, a total capacity of 811350 cubic meters, and a storage yard of 338000 square meters[1]。
electromechanical
As of 1995, Quanzhou Port has more than 70 sets of various lifting machines and important equipment[8]。
As of August 2018, the control system of Quanzhou Port adopts advanced and stable Yaskawa electric control system, and the equipment is equipped with crane management system CMS andRCMSIt can monitor the operation status of each mechanism remotely in real time and save relevant operation records to facilitate troubleshooting and daily maintenance.In addition, the equipment is also equipped with truck positioning system (CPS), intelligent lubrication system and lightning protection system.
Operation
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Main business
According to Fujian Quanzhou Port Development Center in December 2019, Quanzhou Port mainly imports raw materials, chemical raw materials, food, coconut shell charcoal and other goods from countries along the "Maritime Silk Road", and exports light industrial raw materials, clothing and peripheral products to countries along the "Maritime Silk Road"[4]。
Flight route
According to Fujian Quanzhou Port Development Center in December 2019Indonesia, PhilippinesVietnam?, ThailandMalaysiaAnd other countries along the "Maritime Silk Road" are open to navigation, with six "Maritime Silk Road" container liner routes and several "Maritime Silk Road" bulk cargo routes.There are 108 container routes in Quanzhou Port, including 30 foreign trade routes, which are open to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines and other regions and countries;78 domestic trade routes radiate to major ports in China[4]。
Passenger and freight volume
In 1997, the throughput of Quanzhou Port exceeded 10 million tons for the first time.
In 1999, the throughput of Quanzhou Port was 15.2119 million tons, and 81400 TEUs of containers were transportedFuzhou Port。
In 2001, the throughput of Quanzhou Port reached 21.06 million tons, ranking the 16th among the coastal ports in China, with 235800 TEUs of containers.
In 2003, the throughput of Quanzhou Port reached 25.11 million tons, an increase of 18.3%.410000 TEUs of containers, an increase of 50.2%.
In 2004, the throughput of Quanzhou Port reached 30.93 million tons, ranking 18th in the coastal ports of China, and 542000 TEUs of containers were completed.
In 2011, the throughput of Quanzhou Port reached 93.3048 million tons, an increase of 10.4%.1.5686 million TEUs of containers, up 14.5%.
In 2012, the cargo throughput of Quanzhou Port was 103.72 million tons, up 11.2% year on year.
In 2013, the cargo throughput of Quanzhou Port was 108 million tons, and the container throughput exceeded 1.7 million TEUs.
In 2014, the total cargo throughput of Quanzhou Port was 112.01 million tons, and the container throughput was 1.88 million TEUs[1]。
In 2016, the cargo throughput of the port under the jurisdiction of Quanzhou Port was basically the same as that of the same period last year, reaching 7.51228 million tons;Container throughput reached 2064900 TEU, up 3.72% year on year, including 120800 TEU for foreign trade containers, up 33.26% year on year[4]。
In 2018, the cargo throughput of Quanzhou Port exceeded 128 million tons, an increase of 2560 times over the 50000 tons in 1949[2]。
Cultural characteristics
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On June 1, 2013, the premiere ceremony of the original hand-painted Minnan cultural postcard of the Millennium Ancient Port Quanzhou was held in Quanzhou West Lake Post Office. Leaders of the Publicity Department of Quanzhou Municipal Party Committee, Quanzhou Tourism Bureau, Quanzhou Post Office and other units jointly unveiled the first postcard[9]。
Construction planning
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On January 19, 2018, Fujian Provincial Department of Transport, together with Fujian Provincial Development and Reform Commission, organized a review meeting of the Master Plan of Quanzhou Port (Revised) to hear the report of the preparation unit on the main achievements of the Plan and the absorption of opinions.Representatives and specially invited experts from relevant units directly under the provincial government and Quanzhou City attended the meeting.The meeting considered that the results of the Plan basically met the requirements for the preparation of the general port planning, and agreed in principle on the functional orientation of Quanzhou Port in the Plan and the overall layout of "one port, three zones and six operation areas".During the planning period, Quanzhou Port will focus on promoting the construction of public wharfs in Shihu and Jinshang operation areas of Quanzhou Bay Port to form a large-scale container operation area;Accelerate the development of Shijing Operation Area in Weitouwan Port Area to serve the development of local stone, grain and other industries and direct shipping to Taiwan, and ultimately build Quanzhou Port into the strategic fulcrum of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" and an important hub of Fujian's comprehensive transportation system[10]。
As Quanzhou Port is a major port for overseas Chinese in Quanzhou to go abroad, Quanzhou Port has an important historical position on the Maritime Silk Road[12]。（Comments on Li Tianci, then a teacher of the Overseas Chinese Institute of Huaqiao University）
The 50000 ton berth built at No. 2 berth in Weitou Operation Area, Weitou Bay, Quanzhou Port has important practical significance for improving the level of opening up of Quanzhou and further expanding foreign trade container business[13]。(Evaluated by Fujian Provincial Department of Commerce)
Related reports
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In May 2022, the "Bowei" ship loaded with nearly 4000 pieces of granite rock products set sail with a whistle, marking the successful completion of the loading operation of new types of "granite rock products" in the Shenzhen Shanghai Port Area of Quanzhou Port. The voyage is "Quanzhou Shenzhen Shanghai Rotterdam Hamburg", which is not only a new type of goods in the Shenzhen Shanghai Port Area, but also the first new European route since the opening of the port.This batch of goods will be directly exported to Europe and unloaded to the Netherlands and Germany respectively.[14]
On March 23, 2024, the Hong Kong born ship "Ningbo", carrying about 20000 tons of liquefied propane, successfully docked at the No. 4 berth in Liyuwei Operation Area, Xiaocuo Port District, Quanzhou Port. This is the first international navigation ship since the berth passed the provincial acceptance of the port opening to the outside world on February 23, 2024, marking the official opening and operation of the first public liquefied hydrocarbon wharf in Fujian Province.[19]
