Acrolein

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Acrolein is a kind of Organic compound , the simplest unsaturated aldehyde, chemical formula C three H four O， Colorless or light yellow liquid, soluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol 、 acetone Equal majority Organic solvent Its vapor has a strong irritant and tear inducing property. It is an important synthetic intermediate in chemical industry and widely used in resin production and organic synthesis.

On October 27, 2017, world health organization International Agency for Research on Cancer Published Carcinogen Preliminary arrangement of list for reference, acrolein in Category 3 carcinogens List.^[55]

Chinese name: Acrolein
Foreign name: Acrolein
Alias: Allylic aldehyde 、 Lipogenic aldehyde
chemical formula: C three H four O
molecular weight: fifty-six point zero six three
CAS login number: 107-02-8
EINECS login number: 203-453-4
Melting point: -87.7 ℃

Boiling point: 52.5 ℃
Water solubility: dissolve in water
Density: 0.84 g/cm³
Appearance: Colorless or light yellow liquid
Flash point: -26 ℃ （CC）
Security description: S23；S26；S28；S36/37/39；S45；S61
Hazard symbol: F
Hazard description: R11；R24/25；R26；R34；R50
Pilot temperature: 234℃

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Physical and chemical properties

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Refractive index ：1.403（20℃）

critical pressure ：5.06MPa

Saturated vapor pressure ：28.53kPa（20℃）

Upper explosive limit （ V / V ）：31.0%

Lower explosive limit （ V / V ）：2.8%

Solubility : Soluble in ethanol 、 acetone Equal majority Organic solvent^[54]

Molecular structure data

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Molar refractive index ：15.85

Molar volume （cm three /mol）：70.4

Isotonic capacity （90.2K）：149.3

surface tension （dyne/cm）：20.1

Polarizability （10 -24 cm three ）：6.28^[54]

Calculate chemical data

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Calculation of drainage parameters reference value (XlogP): None

Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0

Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 1

Rotatable Chemical bond Quantity: 1

Tautomer Quantity: 0

topology molecule Polar surface area ：17.1

Heavy atom Quantity: 4

surface charge ：0

Complexity: 30.3

Isotope atom Quantity: 0

Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0

Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0

covalent bond Number of units: 1^[54]

toxicology data

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1、 acute toxicity

LD fifty ：26mg/kg（ Rat Oral); 14mg/kg (mouse by mouth); 7mg/kg (rabbit mouth); 200mg/kg (rabbit percutaneous)

LC fifty ：18mg/m three (Inhalation of rats, 4h)

2. Irritation

rabbit Percutaneous: 5mg, severe irritation.

Rabbit eye: 1mg, severe irritation.

3、 Subacute And Chronic toxicity

Continuous exposure of rats to this product concentration 4.8mg/m three After 40 hours alkaline phosphatase The activity increased.

4、 Mutagenicity

Human cell DNA damage ：30μ mol/L 。

people lymphocyte Sister chromosome Exchange: 5 μ mol/L.

5、 Teratogenicity

If you directly amnion upper Administration , acrolein can cause malformation and produce Embryotoxicity 。

6、 carcinogenicity

IARC Carcinogenicity comment: G3, insufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to humans and animals.

7. Others

The lowest vein in rats Poisoning dose (TDLo): 6mg/kg (9 days after pregnancy), Blastocyst implantation after mortality rise.^[54]

Ecological data

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1、 Ecotoxicity

LC fifty ：0.046mg/L（24h）（ Brown trout ）； 0.079mg/L（24h）（ Goldfish ）； 0.0173~0.022mg/L（96h）（ Pimephales promelas ）； 0.23mg/L（24h），0.083mg/L（48h）（ a cyclops ）

LD fifty :<0.08mg/L (24h) (goldfish, modified ASTMD1345)

EC fifty : 0.034mg/L (48h) (Daphnia)

2、 Biodegradability

Aerobic biodegradation ：168~672h

anaerobic Biodegradation: 672~2880h

3. Non biodegradable: in air Photooxidation half life ：3.4~33.7h^[54]

purpose

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Acrolein is an important Chemical Intermediate , can be used for methyl pyridine , pyridine glutaraldehyde and Acrylic acid And other important chemical products can also be used as chromatographic analysis Reference materials 。

Health hazards

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This product has strong irritation. Inhalation of vapor damages the respiratory tract, causing iaryngopharyngitis , chest compression bronchitis ； Inhalation in large quantities may cause pneumonia 、 pulmonary edema , shock nephritis and heart failure 。 May cause death. Liquid and vapor damage eyes; Skin contact may cause burns. Oral administration may cause irritation or burns to the mouth and stomach. Acute exposure It can damage the respiratory tract, eyes and skin, cause pulmonary and tracheal edema, and also lead to abnormal fat metabolism in the human body, resulting in a large amount of fat accumulation in the Subcutaneous tissue Medium. Subchronic and Chronic exposure It has caused the disease in the trachea and nasal cavity of monkeys, dogs and other experimental animals cytoplasm Hyperplasia, but no carcinogenic phenomenon. The acute and chronic toxic concentrations of organisms in fresh water are 68 μ g/L and 21 μ g/L respectively. The intolerable concentration is 10mg/m three 。 the First World War The Chinese and French armies used to manufacture chemistry grenade 。

Acrolein and nicotine Carbon monoxide is the three harmful components in cigarettes, which can cause gene mutation in cells and reduce the ability of cells to repair damage retina The main factors of. In cigarettes, acrolein Content ratio The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens is 10000 times higher. As one of the tar components, the toxicity ratio of acrolein formaldehyde It's a thousand times stronger, and its boiling point is only 50 centigrade About, the cigarette will vaporize immediately and invade retinal pigment epithelial cells , causing oxidative damage And prevent the "energy factory" in cells mitochondrion Create energy. These epithelial cells are responsible for all kinds of Nutrients And waste metabolism, if they "strike", many eye cells will certainly die.

security information

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Safety terminology

S23：Do not breathe vapour.

Do not breathe vapor.

S26：In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

In case of contact with eyes, please immediately flush with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S28：After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds.

Rinse with plenty of soapy water immediately after contact with skin.

S36/37/39：Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

Wear appropriate Protective clothing , gloves and Goggles Or masks.

S45：In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

In case of accident or discomfort, seek medical advice immediately (show the label if possible).

S61：Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.

Avoid release to the environment. Refer to Special Instructions/Safety Data Sheet.

Risk terminology

R11：Highly flammable.^[1]

Highly flammable.

R26：Very toxic by inhalation.

Very toxic by inhalation.

R34：Causes burns.

Causes burns.

R50：Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

yes Aquatic organism Very toxic.

First aid measures

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Skin contact: Take off contaminated clothes immediately, and wash with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes.

Eye contact: immediately lift the eyelids and use plenty of flowing water or normal saline Thoroughly flush for at least 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

Inhalation: quickly leave the site to a place with fresh air. keep respiratory tract unobstructed. as dyspnea , give oxygen. as Apnea , perform artificial respiration immediately. Get medical attention.

Ingestion: Rinse with water and drink milk or egg white. Get medical attention.

Fire fighting measures

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Hazard characteristics: its vapor and air can form Explosive mixture , in case of open fire High fever Extremely easy Combustion explosion 。 When heated, it will release highly toxic vapor. It can generate Explosive Of peroxide 。 With acids, bases, ammonia, amines sulfur dioxide 、 Thiourea , Metal salt , oxidant, etc. Under the high temperature of the fire site, polymerization and exothermic can occur, which will cause the container to break.

Harmful Combustion products ： carbon monoxide 、 carbon dioxide 。

Fire extinguishing method: fire fighter Must be worn antigas mask , on safe distance Outside Upwind Fire fighting.

Extinguishing agent: insoluble foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand. Fire extinguishing with water is invalid.

Leakage emergency treatment

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Emergency Management : Quickly evacuate the leakage Contaminated Zone Personnel shall go to the safe area and be isolated immediately. For small leakage, 150m shall be isolated, and for large leakage, 300m shall be isolated. Access shall be strictly limited. Cut off the ignition source. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure respirators Antistatic clothing 。 No direct contact Leakage. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent inflow sewer 、 Flood discharge ditch And so on.

Small leakage: use Activated carbon Or others Inert material Absorption. Or wash with plenty of water, Washing water After dilution, it is put into the waste water system.

Large amount of leakage: build a dike or dig a pit to receive. Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Spray water cooling and dilution steam Protect the site Personnel, dilute the leakage into incombustible materials. Transfer to tank car or special purpose with explosion-proof pump collector Inside, recycle or transport to waste disposal Site disposal.

Handling storage

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Operation precautions: closed operation, provide sufficient Local exhaust 。 Operators must be specially trained and strictly abide by Operating Procedures 。 Recommended for operators Self-priming Filter gas mask （ Full face mask ）, wear Antistatic clothing , Dai Rubber oil resistant gloves 。 Keep away from kindling and heat source, Workplace Smoking is strictly prohibited. 。 Use explosion-proof ventilation system And equipment. Prevent vapor leakage into the air of the workplace. Avoid contact with oxidants reducing agent Acid and alkali contact. The flow rate shall be controlled during filling, and Grounding device , prevent electrostatic accumulation 。 Load and unload gently during transportation to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities Fire Equipment and Leakage emergency treatment Equipment. Empty containers may leave harmful substances.

Precautions for storage: 0.2% can be added hydroquinone do stabilizer 。 Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from kindling and heat sources. The warehouse temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. The package shall be sealed and shall not contact with air. It shall be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, acids, alkalis and edible chemicals, and shall not be mixed. It should not be stored in large quantities or for a long time. Explosion proof lighting and ventilation facilities shall be adopted. It is forbidden to use those easy to generate sparks mechanical equipment And tools. The storage area shall be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and appropriate materials. The "five pairs" of extremely toxic substances should be strictly implemented management system 。

Substance toxicity

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Toxicity test data
number	Toxicity type	test method	Test object	Dosage	Toxic effect
one	acute toxicity	inhalation	Adult male	1 ppm	Eye Toxicity - Tearing
two	acute toxicity	inhalation	human beings	5500 ppb	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
three	acute toxicity	inhalation	human beings	153 ppm/10M	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
four	acute toxicity	inhalation	children	300 ppb/2H	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in structure and function of trachea and bronchus Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - respiratory obstruction Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - other changes
five	acute toxicity	Oral	Rat	26 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
six	acute toxicity	inhalation	Rat	18 mg/m three /4H	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
seven	acute toxicity	intraperitoneal injection	Rat	4 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
eight	acute toxicity	subcutaneous injection	Rat	50 mg/kg	Behavioral toxicity - general anesthesia Hepatotoxicity - hepatolenticular degeneration
nine	acute toxicity	Oral	mice	13900 μg/kg	Behavioral toxicity - sleepiness Skin and accessory toxicity - hair changes Nutrition and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain rate decrease
ten	acute toxicity	inhalation	mice	66 ppm/6H	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
eleven	acute toxicity	intraperitoneal injection	mice	9008 μg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
twelve	acute toxicity	subcutaneous injection	mice	30 mg/kg	Behavioral toxicity - general anesthesia Hepatotoxicity - hepatolenticular degeneration
thirteen	acute toxicity	inhalation	cat	1570 mg/m three /2H	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
fourteen	acute toxicity	intravenous injection	cat	15 mg/kg	Blood toxicity - other changes
fifteen	acute toxicity	Oral	rabbit	7 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
sixteen	acute toxicity	inhalation	rabbit	24 mg/m three /6H	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in structure and function of trachea and bronchus Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - emphysema Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - acute pulmonary edema
seventeen	acute toxicity	skin surface	rabbit	200 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
eighteen	acute toxicity	subcutaneous injection	rabbit	250 mg/kg	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - dyspnea
nineteen	acute toxicity	inhalation	guinea pig	24 mg/m three /6H	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in structure and function of trachea and bronchus Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - emphysema Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - acute pulmonary edema
twenty	acute toxicity	subcutaneous injection	guinea pig	178 μg/kg	Behavioral toxicity - convulsion or seizure threshold affected Cardiotoxicity - other changes Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - dyspnea
twenty-one	acute toxicity	inhalation	Hamster	1000 ppm/10M	Eye Toxicity - Tearing Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal toxicity - changes in the structure or function of salivary glands
twenty-two	acute toxicity	Oral	mammal	10 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
twenty-three	acute toxicity	Not reported	mammal	45 mg/kg	No values other than lethal dose were reported for detailed effects
twenty-four	Chronic toxicity	Oral	Rat	113 mg/kg/45D-I	Hepatotoxicity - other changes Biochemical toxicity - inhibition or induction of catalase Biochemical toxicity - inhibition or induction of other enzymes
twenty-five	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Rat	4 ppm/6H/62D-I	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - other changes Nutrition and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain rate decrease Chronic disease related toxicity - death
twenty-six	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Rat	4900 ppb/6H/13W-I	Olfactory toxicity - not reported Endocrine toxicity - changes in adrenal gland weight Chronic disease related toxicity - death
twenty-seven	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Rat	510 μg/m three /24H/9W-C	Kidney, ureter and bladder toxicity - changes in urine components Blood toxicity - white blood cell count changes Nutrition and metabolic system toxicity - weight loss or weight gain rate decrease
twenty-eight	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Rat	3 ppm/6H/3W-I	Olfactory toxicity - not reported Endocrine toxicity - changes in spleen weight
twenty-nine	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	dog	3700 ppb/8H/6W-I	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in structure and function of trachea and bronchus
thirty	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	monkey	3700 ppb/8H/6W-I	Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in structure and function of trachea and bronchus Chronic disease related toxicity - death
thirty-one	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	rabbit	4900 ppb/6H/13W-I	Olfactory toxicity - not reported Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - other changes Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in lung weight
thirty-two	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Hamster	4900 ppb/6H/13W-I	Olfactory toxicity - not reported Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - other changes Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in lung weight
thirty-three	Chronic toxicity	inhalation	Hamster	4 ppm/7H/52W-I	Brain toxicity - brain weight changes Lung, chest or respiratory toxicity - changes in lung weight Hepatotoxicity - changes in liver weight
thirty-four	Eye toxicity	Eye penetration	human beings	500 ppb/12M	-
thirty-five	Eye toxicity	skin surface	rabbit	5 mg	Serious effect
thirty-six	Eye toxicity	skin surface	rabbit	2 mg/24H	Serious effect
thirty-seven	Eye toxicity	Eye penetration	rabbit	1 mg	Serious effect
thirty-eight	Eye toxicity	Eye penetration	rabbit	50 μg/24H	Serious effect
thirty-nine	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Salmonella typhimurium	50 μg/plate	-
forty	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Salmonella typhimurium	50 μg/plate	-
forty-one	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Escherichia coli	286 nmol/L	-
forty-two	Mutagenic toxicity	Oral	Drosophila melanogaster	5 mmol/L	-
forty-three	Mutagenic toxicity	Extraintestinal	Drosophila melanogaster	3 mmol/L	-
forty-four	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Human cells	30 μmol/L	-
forty-five	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Human fibroblast	100 μmol/L	-
forty-six	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Human lymphocytes	5 μmol/L	-
forty-seven	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Human fibroblast	200 nmol/L	-
forty-eight	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Rat cells	30 mmol/L	-
forty-nine	Mutagenic toxicity	intraperitoneal injection	Rat	500 μg/kg	-
fifty	Mutagenic toxicity	intraperitoneal injection	Rat	500 μg/kg	-
fifty-one	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Hamster ovary	10 μmol/L	-
fifty-two	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Hamster lung	500 nmol/L	-
fifty-three	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Mammalian lymphocyte	58 gm/L/3H	-
fifty-four	Mutagenic toxicity	-	Mammalian lymphocyte	80 μmol/L	-
fifty-five	Reproductive toxicity	Oral	Rat	840 mg/kg, multi generation	Reproductive toxicity - decreased weight gain of newborn
fifty-six	Reproductive toxicity	intravenous injection	rabbit	6 mg/kg, 9 days after female conception	Reproductive toxicity - increased mortality after implantation

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