It is the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery.staymandibleThe vicinity of the neck originates from the external carotid artery.According to its position, it can be divided into three segments: the first segment is on the inner side of the mandibular neck;The second segment was between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles;The third segment is in the pterygopalatine fossa.The first and third paragraphs have many branches.
This artery mainly nourishes the tissues in the maxillary region. If there is trauma or surgery, care should be taken to deal with this artery and its branches.
anatomic structure
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The maxillary artery, also known as the internal maxillary artery, is one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, mainly distributed in the oral cavity, nasal cavity, teeth, masticatory muscles and dura mater.The maxillary artery starts from the deep surface of the mandibular neck, runs forward and medial, passes through the superficial surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle (more than 96%), passes through the pterygopalatine fossa, and enters the orbit from the suborbital fissure, which is renamed as the suborbital artery.Its branches are: ① the deep auricular artery and the anterior tympanic artery, which originate from the beginning of the maxillary artery, run backward and upward, and are distributed in the external auditory canal and the tympanic chamber. ②The inferior alveolar artery, after being sent out, goes forward and down, enters the mandibular foramen, and exits the mental foramen through the mandibular canal. It is also called the mental artery. It is distributed on the skin of the lower lip and chin.When the artery is in the tube, it branches to the mandibular teeth;Before entering the mandibular foramen, the hair branches to the mandibular hyoid muscle. ③Middle meningeal artery.It is the main artery of the dura mater, which goes up through the ear and between the temporal nerves, passes through the spinous hole into the middle cranial fossa, goes forward and outward along the bone groove, and is divided into frontal and parietal branches on the inner surface of the temporal scale.The frontal branch is relatively thick. It first goes forward and outward, then turns outward and upward, and then goes to the vicinity of the pterional point (98.5% passing behind the pterional point). About 70% of them run in the bone canal.The bone at the pterion is weak, and if it is fractured, it often tears the blood vessels, causing intracranial hemorrhage, which must be handled carefully in time.The two branches of this artery finally branch to the dura mater of the frontal, parietal and occipital regions.The incidence of meningeal collateral branches in Chinese is high (about 87.7%).It starts from the middle meningeal artery or maxillary artery, enters the skull through the foramen ovale or spinous foramen, and is distributed in the trigeminal ganglion and its dura mater, as well as the pterygoid muscle and the tensor veli palatini muscle. ④Muscle branches, distributed in masseter, temporal, pterygoid and buccinator muscles. ⑤The posterior maxillary alveolar artery passes through the maxillary bone wall and is distributed in the posterior 5 maxillary teeth and maxillary sinuses. ⑥The descending palatine artery, descending through the pterygopalatine canal, is divided into the greater palatine artery and the lesser palatine artery, which penetrate the greater palatine foramen and the lesser palatine foramen, and are distributed in the palate, gingiva, and palatine tonsil. ⑦The sphenopalatine artery, from the sphenopalatine foramen to the nasal cavity, is divided into the posterior lateral nasal artery and the posterior nasal septal artery. The latter is not only distributed in the nasal septum, but also branches down to the palate through the incisor canal. ⑧The infraorbital artery is the continuation of the main maxillary artery. It enters the orbit from the infraorbital fissure, and reaches the face through the infraorbital groove, infraorbital canal, and infraorbital foramen.It sends out the maxillary alveolar artery in the tube and distributes in the first three maxillary teeth and maxillary sinuses.
The body surface mark of the middle meningeal artery has important clinical significance. The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through the spinous foramen at the upper edge of the midpoint of the zygomatic arch, and then it is divided into frontal branch and parietal branch 2cm above this point.The frontal branch first goes up slightly forward to the wingpoint, then turns up and back to the midpoint between the nasal root and the external occipital protuberance;The top support is from the line up to the herringbone point.
