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Bromine trifluoride

inorganic compound

This entry is made by Compilation and application of scientific encyclopedia entries of "Science Popularization China" to examine.

Bromine trifluoride is an inorganic compound, chemical formula BrF three It is a colorless liquid under normal temperature and pressure. It is a strong oxidant and has combustion supporting property.

Chinese name: Bromine trifluoride
Foreign name: Bromine trifluoride
chemical formula: BrF three
molecular weight: one hundred and thirty-six point eight nine nine
CAS login number: 7787-71-5
EINECS login number: 232-132-1

Melting point: 8.8 ℃
Boiling point: 127 ℃
Density: 2.803 g/cm³
Appearance: colorless liquid
Security description: S7/8；S36/37/39；S45
Hazard symbol: O；T
Hazard description: R8

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Physical and chemical properties

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physical property

Density: 2.803g/cm three

Melting point: 8.8 ℃

Boiling point: 127 ℃

Appearance: colorless liquid

chemical property

BrF three It has strong oxidizing property and strong reaction activity, but its activity is lower than that of chlorine trifluoride. It will explode in contact with water or organic compounds. It can be used as fluoride for inorganic and organic substances.

Pure bromine trifluoride has certain conductivity because it can be autoionized according to the following formula:

2 BrF three ⇌ BrF two + + BrF four -^[1]

So BrF three It is a good non-aqueous solvent, which can dissolve many kinds of inorganic fluoride. Lewis base fluoride and Lewis acid fluoride in BrF three Compound fluoride is generated in the solvent and can be dissociated into BrF accordingly two + And BrF four - Ions:

KF + BrF three → K + + BrF four -

SbF five + BrF three → BrF two + SbF six - ⇌ BrF two + + SbF six -

BrF two + And BrF four - When the corresponding complexes formed by the two ions interact, a reaction similar to acid-base neutralization occurs:

K + BrF four - + [BrF two + ] two [SnF six ] 2- →K two SnF six + 4 BrF three

This type of reaction is widely used to prepare fluorine-containing complexes, BrF three It is both a fluorinating agent and a reaction medium. Bromine trifluoride can stabilize high valence fluoride complexes, for example, palladium tetrafluoride cannot be separated, but its complexes can be prepared in bromine trifluoride. Fluorides of noble gases can also form adducts with strong Lewis acid in bromine trifluoride.^[1]

BrF three It can release O when interacting with water two , BrF visible three It is highly oxidizing and Br (III) is unstable in water:

3 BrF three + 5 H two O → HBrO three + Br two + 9 HF + O two ↑

Calculate chemical data

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Reference value for drainage parameter calculation (XlogP): 2.6

Number of hydrogen bond donors: 0

Number of hydrogen bond receptors: 3

Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0

Number of tautomers: 0

Topological molecular polar surface area: 0

Number of heavy atoms: 4

Surface charge: 0

Complexity: 8

Number of isotope atoms: 0

Determine the number of atomic structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain atomic structure centers: 0

Determine the number of chemical bond structure centers: 0

Number of uncertain chemical bond structure centers: 0

Number of covalent bond units: 1^[2]

purpose

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Bromine trifluoride is one of the most widely used halogen compounds, and it is also a good solvent. Pure BrF three The liquid has a high conductivity (>8.01 × 10 -3 Ω -1 ·cm -1 , 25 ℃), so many inorganic fluorides can be well dissolved in BrF three And ionize into corresponding ions. The corresponding complexes can be obtained by reacting the stoichiometric compounds or simple substances in bromine trifluoride. Therefore, this kind of reaction has become the basic method for preparing fluorine-containing coordination compounds, such as AgAuF four 、(NO two )SbF six 、(NO) two SnF six 、LiVF six 、KRuF six After the above reaction is completed, the product can be obtained by vacuum evaporation to remove bromine trifluoride.^[1]

Leakage emergency treatment

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Evacuate the personnel in the leakage contaminated area to the safety area, prohibit irrelevant personnel from entering the contaminated area, and suggest that emergency personnel wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical protective clothing. Do not directly contact the leakage, do not directly spray water on the leakage, and do not let water enter the packaging container. Absorbed with activated carbon or other inert materials, collected in a closed container and transported to the waste disposal site. Brush the contaminated area with water and ventilate the contaminated area. If it is solid, sweep it carefully to avoid dust, and put it in a bag and transfer it to a safe place. If there is a large amount of leakage, it shall be collected and recycled or discarded after harmless treatment.

First aid measures

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Skin contact: Rinse with flowing water and apply magnesium oxide glycerin ointment.

Eye contact: open the eyelids and flush with flowing water for 15 minutes. Get medical attention.

Inhalation: leave the site to fresh air. Give oxygen when breathing is difficult. When breathing stops, perform artificial respiration immediately. Get medical attention.

Ingestion: Take orally milk, soy milk or egg white by mistake, and seek medical advice.

Fire fighting measures

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Hazardous characteristics: strong oxidant. The chemical reaction activity is very high, and it can react explosively with many chemicals. It is easy to ignite and burn in contact with combustibles and organics. It reacts violently with water to produce highly toxic and corrosive hydrogen fluoride gas. It emits highly toxic smoke when exposed to high heat or acid or acid mist. It is highly corrosive.

Hazardous combustion products: fluoride, bromide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen fluoride.

Extinguishing method: carbon dioxide, dry powder. Do not use water or foam.

Protective measures

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Respiratory system protection: When it is possible to contact with its vapor or smoke, you should wear a gas mask. In case of emergency rescue or escape, it is recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety goggles.

Body protection: wear anti-corrosion work clothes.

Hand protection: wear chemical resistant gloves.

Storage method

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Store in a cool, dry and well ventilated warehouse. It shall be kept by specially assigned person. Keep away from fire prone places. Protect from sunlight. Keep away from flammable or combustible materials. It shall be stored separately from reducing agents, acids, metal powders, wet articles, etc. During transportation, it shall be loaded and unloaded gently to avoid collision and overturning, and prevent package damage and leakage. No smoking, drinking or eating is allowed at the operation site. Pay attention to personal protection during sub packaging and handling operations.