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Culex tritaeniorhynchus is an arthropod belonging to Culex of Diptera mosquito family.[2]Adult mosquitoes are small;There is a pale ring in the middle of the beak, and the vertical scales on the top of the head are black and even;The tooth of the sinus of food was fibrous;The midthoracic scutellum is mainly covered with brown scales, but the marginal scales are pale;There is no pockmarks on the thigh joint, and there is a white ring on the tarsus;The dorsal plate of the ventral segment has pale basal transverse bands.The third section of the male mosquito's tentacles has no scales on the ventral surface, but one line of hair hangs obliquely.[3]
Culex tritaeniorhynchus is distributed abroad in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and other countries.China is distributed all over the country except Xinjiang and Tibet, which have not yet been recorded.Larvae breed in clean or slightly polluted, static or semi flowing water bodies in urban and rural areas, and are often found in sunward mud bottom, low water level, clean water and water with floating plants,[2]Adults live at home, mainly in cattle houses, followed by human houses, pig pens, and also in grave caves and bridge caves.[5]Sucking pig, cattle and human blood.[6]One generation takes 18-26 days, with an average of 21 days.Each female mosquito produces about 5 egg blocks, and each egg block has more than 100 eggs.[4]
Culex tritaeniorhynchus is the main vector of Japanese encephalitis in China, and also the vector of filariasis, dengue fever and other diseases.The basic measures to control Culex tritaeniorhynchus are to improve environmental sanitation and eliminate breeding water sources.[2]
Culex pipiensCulex tritaeniorhynchus eats both human and animal blood.Pig and cattle are the main blood sucking objects. After investigationTrizonal beakCulex pipiens accounts for 94%. Culex tritaeniorhynchus often attacks and sucks human blood outdoors about 2 hours after dusk and before dawn.Culex tritaeniorhynchus isencephalitisThe main media in popular areas.Small brown mosquito species.There is a wide white ring in the middle of the beak, and the tip of the tentacles is white;There is a thin white ring at the base of each tarsal node;The dorsal surface of the 2-7 ventral segments has a pale band at the base.
Culex tritaenioides
The vertical scales on the top of the head are dark and even: the shield scales are dark brown and pepper color: there is a row of hair on the ventral surface of the third section of the male mosquito's tentacles;Female mosquito has fibrous sinus nail teeth;The black ring at the end of the posterior bone is very narrow.Larvae 7-1 points 2 awn branches.The end of the comb tooth is round and fringed.
Small and medium-sized mosquito, wing length 2.4-3.1 mm.Head: the top of the head is covered with light brown to light gray flat scales, and the back of the head is dark and flat.The beak is dark, with pale rings in the middle and front, and white phosphorus spots are often found on the ventral surface of the base segment.The tentacles are short and dark, with a few light scales at the end.Sinus feeding nail;The arches of the food sinus are deep concave, the base of the dorsal teeth is wide, and then suddenly becomes thin and fibrous, about 26-28.Chest: there are brown scales on the front and back of the chest;There is a light scale cluster on the anterior thoracic lateral plate.The midthorax shield scale is dark brown, with the same pepper color, except that there are a few light scales in the front area of the small shield and on the upper wing;The small shield scales are light in color.Chest side plate is light brown;The white phosphorus group in the upper part of the middle chest ventral side plate and the lower rear edge and the upper part of the middle rear side plate is small, and there are or are not a few light scales in the hair plexus in the upper part of the middle chest rear side plate.
Foot: The anterior, middle, and posterior thigh segments are dark brown except for the lower part, and each tibial segment is dark brown. The dark and light areas of the posterior thigh are not clearly demarcated, and the black ring at the end is very narrow, about 1/15 of the total length. Each tarsal segment 1-4 has a narrow base and a light ring at the end.Wings: the scales of wings are dark brown, and the light scales at the base of the front veins are not obvious.Abdomen: The back plate of ventral joint is dark.There are narrow light color basebands, but there are variations.Abdominal segment VII usually has a wide dark end band, and some specimens show light scales at the end.The web is generally light yellow, sometimes with dark spots on the end and side.[1]
Male mosquito
It looks like a female mosquito, but its tentacles are longer than its beak, and its length is about 1-1.5 times of that of the distal segment;There is a row of black hairs on the ventral surface of the last half of the third segment without scales;Section 2: light band with or without end back position;Section 3 has or does not have a mid dorsal light band;The fourth and fifth sections each have a base back narrow band;The fifth segment is completely dark, sometimes with a few light scales;The last half of the third section and the last two sections have long hair clumps.Tail organ: the anterior rod of the three rods in the sub terminal lobe of the clasp base segment is slightly shorter, and the ends of the middle and rear rods fall in a hook shape;There were three bristles in the posterior hair group, one of which was slightly swollen and round at the end;One may have sub terminal barbs, and the other has sharp ends.In addition, there is one large leaf and one basal seta, and the above hairs may vary.The ventral and inner leaves of the lateral plate of the male stem are densely covered with small prickles.The neck of the dorsal middle lobe is thinner and separated from the ventral inner lobe. There are 3-4 finger processes forming palmate lobes, one in the front is abducting, and the rest extend backward and outward.The anal lateral section has a curved and long basal arm, and the medial side has a mastoid wedge-shaped process.
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute infectious disease transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchusJapanese encephalitis virus(Japanese encephalitis virus for short), which is an important legally reported infectious disease in China, is characterized by high mortality and disability rates and great harm to human beings.China is one of the main areas where JE occurs.In China, due to the use of vaccines, especially the EPI
Mosquito prevention methods
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■ 1. Clean and prevent mosquitoes. Thoroughly clean the accumulated water in various containers inside and outside the home, turn the pots upside down, and change the water in the vase in time.
■ 2. High efficiency and low toxicity pyrethroid aerosol can be used for mosquito control families.
■ 3. Mosquito repellent incense: close the doors and windows 1-2 hours before going to bed, light the incense, and open the doors and windows when you go to sleep indoors to maintain air circulation.
■ 4. Mosquito nets should be used to avoid mosquitoes in areas with many mosquitoes and flood disasters.
■ 5. Plant several pots of impatiens, peppermint and evening primrose behind the front window of the door to repel mosquitoes.
■ 6. The smell disturbs mosquitoes to light several orange peels indoors;Put two or three boxes of cool oil or essential balm under the seat or beside the leg, put the dried mint leaves in a small cloth bag, sew them and put them beside you.These smells will make mosquitoes "afraid to smell".
■ 7. Take medicine to prevent mosquitoes from being afraidvitamin BAfter taking vitamin B, the odor will be secreted into the skin with sweat, and the mosquito will "run away" when it smells the natural smell.
■ 8. Light source mosquito repelling Use a piece of orange cellophane (or silk cloth) to cover the lamp bulb with more than 40 watts, so that the lamp turns orange red, and mosquitoes will "run away from the light".
