Beta particleparticle）Beta particle or beta particle.It means whenRadioactive materialhappenBeta decay, released high-energy electrons orpositron。There are two types of beta decay: beta − decay and beta+decay.Beta − decay produces electrons, while beta+decay produces positrons.
Beta particles are high-speed electrons due to thenegative charge, will be affected by electromagnetic field.Its volume ratioAlpha particleIt is much thinner, and its penetration ability is stronger than that of alpha particles. It requires an aluminum sheet several millimeters thick to block it.quite a lotradioactivityMatter will emit beta particles when it decays.
In the process of beta decay,radioactivityNucleusBy emitting electrons andneutrinoThe electrons in the product are called beta particles when they are transformed into another nucleus.In the positive beta decay, a proton in the atomic nucleus is converted into a neutron and a positron is released at the same time. In the "negative beta decay", a neutron in the atomic nucleus is converted into a proton and an electron is released at the same time, that is, a beta particle.
βparticle decayAfter that, protons, electronsneutrino（AntineutrinoSameBeta decayBy products), radioactive substancesnuclear fusionβ decay will occur during the reaction.For example, the hydrogen nuclear fusion of the solar core will cause beta decay, generate neutrinos, and project neutrinos into the universeearth 's coreNeutrinos mentioned in "melting" are beta decay from the sun.
In 1930,AustriaIn order to explain the problem of energy loss when neutrons decay into protons and electrons (beta decay), physicist Pauli put forward a conjecture that it is undetectableNeutral particleTake away energy.This particle is thenItalyphysical scientistFermiIt is called "neutrino" to distinguish it from neutron.Fermi used Pauli's conjecture to successfully establish the beta decay theory, and neutrinos were soon widely accepted.
